-ilis

See also: ilis

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *-elis, from Proto-Indo-European *-elis, probably from *-lós. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (“-le”, adjective-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /i.lis/, [ɪlʲɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /i.lis/, [ilis] (stressed on the antepenult)

Suffix

-ilis (neuter -ile, comparative -ilior, superlative -illimus or -ilissimus); third-declension two-termination suffix

1. -ile; used to form an adjective of relation, frequently passive, to the verb or root.

   ‎agō (“to act”) + ‎-ilis → ‎agilis (“that may be acted”)

   ‎frangō (“to break”) + ‎-ilis → ‎fragilis (“that may be broken”)

2. often attached to the perf. pass. part. stem:

   ‎sedeō (“to sit”) + ‎-ilis → ‎sessilis (“of sitting”)

   ‎pendeō (“to hang”) + ‎-ilis → ‎pēnsilis (“hanging”)

   ‎flectō (“to ply”) + ‎-ilis → ‎flexilis (“pliable”)

3. (rare) used to form an adjective from a noun or adjective stem, sometimes with passive meaning

   ‎humus (“ground, earth”) + ‎-ilis → ‎humilis (“lowly, humble”)

   ‎pār, par- (“even, equal”) + ‎-ilis → ‎parilis (“equal, like”)

   ‎herba (“grass”) + ‎-ilis → ‎herbilis (“fed on grass”)

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	-ilis	-ile		-ilēs	-ilia
genitive	-ilis			-ilium
dative	-ilī			-ilibus
accusative	-ilem	-ile		-ilēs -ilīs	-ilia
ablative	-ilī			-ilibus
vocative	-ilis	-ile		-ilēs	-ilia

Synonyms

• -ānus, -āris, -icus, -ulus

Derived terms

• -ālis
• -ēlis
• -īlis
• -ūlis
• -ātilis

Latin terms suffixed with -ilis (deverbal)

Latin terms suffixed with -ilis

Descendants

• Aromanian: -ilji
• Catalan: -il
• English: -ile
• French: -ile
• Italian: -ile
• Portuguese: -il
• Romanian: -il, -ie
• Sicilian: -ili
• Spanish: -il

Etymology 2

Originally from the above -ilis added to i stems, later used freely.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈiː.lis/, [ˈiːlʲɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈi.lis/, [ˈiːlis]

Suffix

-īlis (neuter -īle); third-declension two-termination suffix

2. -ile; used to form an adjective, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to.

   ‎aedis (“building”) + ‎-ilis → ‎aedīlis (“of buildings”) (attested as substantive)

   ‎hostis (“enemy”) + ‎-ilis → ‎hostīlis (“of the enemy, unfriendly, hostile”)

   ‎puer (“boy”) + ‎-ilis → ‎puerīlis (“of boys, boyish, immature”)

   ‎erus (“master”) + ‎-ilis → ‎erīlis (“of the master”)

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	-īlis	-īle		-īlēs	-īlia
genitive	-īlis			-īlium
dative	-īlī			-īlibus
accusative	-īlem	-īle		-īlēs -īlīs	-īlia
ablative	-īlī			-īlibus
vocative	-īlis	-īle		-īlēs	-īlia

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -ilis (denominative)

See also

• -bilis