-tlen
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See also: tlen
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Derived as a shortening of -telen (“-less, without”).[1] See the Usage notes section below.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-tlen (comparative -tlenebb, superlative leg- -tlenebb)
- (adjective-forming suffix) -less, un-, dis- (a privative suffix added to a noun or an adjective to form adjectives with a meaning of lacking something)
Usage notes
[edit]- (adjective-forming suffix) Variants:
- -talan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -telen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -tlan is added to back-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-.
- -tlen is added to front-vowel nouns (occasionally adjectives) ending in a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -atlan is added to back-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- -etlen is added to front-vowel verbs and nouns (occasionally adjectives)
- Using two different suffix variants with the same stem may result in different meanings:
Declension
[edit]| Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -tlen | -tlenek |
| accusative | -tlent | -tleneket |
| dative | -tlennek | -tleneknek |
| instrumental | -tlennel | -tlenekkel |
| causal-final | -tlenért | -tlenekért |
| translative | -tlenné | -tlenekké |
| terminative | -tlenig | -tlenekig |
| essive-formal | -tlenként | -tlenekként |
| essive-modal | -tlenül | -tlenekül |
| inessive | -tlenben | -tlenekben |
| superessive | -tlenen | -tleneken |
| adessive | -tlennél | -tleneknél |
| illative | -tlenbe | -tlenekbe |
| sublative | -tlenre | -tlenekre |
| allative | -tlenhez | -tlenekhez |
| elative | -tlenből | -tlenekből |
| delative | -tlenről | -tlenekről |
| ablative | -tlentől | -tlenektől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-tlené | -tleneké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-tlenéi | -tlenekéi |
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ -tlen in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)