-v

See also: Appendix: Variations of "v"

Estonian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-va, from Proto-Uralic *-ŋa.

Suffix

-v (genitive -va, partitive -vat, comparative -vam, superlative kõige -vam)

1. creates adjectives from nouns

   ‎veri (“blood”) + ‎-v → ‎verev (“(blood-)red”)

Inflection

Declension of -v (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-v	-vad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	-va
genitive			-vate
partitive		-vat	-vaid
illative		-vasse	-vatesse -vaisse
inessive		-vas	-vates -vais
elative		-vast	-vatest -vaist
allative		-vale	-vatele -vaile
adessive		-val	-vatel -vail
ablative		-valt	-vatelt -vailt
translative		-vaks	-vateks -vaiks
terminative		-vani	-vateni
essive		-vana	-vatena
abessive		-vata	-vateta
comitative		-vaga	-vatega

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-pa, cognate to Finnish -va.

Suffix

-v (genitive -va, partitive -vat)

1. Forms the present active participle of a verb, which is normally used like an adjective.

   kirjutama "to write" → kirjutav tüdruk "the/a girl who is writing"

   võistlema "to compete" → võistlev mees "the/a man who is competing"

Inflection

Declension of -v (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
		singular	plural
nominative		-v	-vad
accusative	nom.
	gen.	-va
genitive			-vate
partitive		-vat	-vaid
illative		-vasse	-vatesse -vaisse
inessive		-vas	-vates -vais
elative		-vast	-vatest -vaist
allative		-vale	-vatele -vaile
adessive		-val	-vatel -vail
ablative		-valt	-vatelt -vailt
translative		-vaks	-vateks -vaiks
terminative		-vani	-vateni
essive		-vana	-vatena
abessive		-vata	-vateta
comitative		-vaga	-vatega

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -v

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-va, from Proto-Uralic *-ŋa.

Suffix

-v

1. Forms adjectives from nouns, indicating the possession or abundance of something.

Inflection

Inflection of -v (inflection type 6/kuva)
nominative sing.	-v
genitive sing.	-van
partitive sing.	-vad
partitive plur.	-vid
	singular	plural
nominative	-v	-vad
accusative	-van	-vad
genitive	-van	-viden
partitive	-vad	-vid
essive-instructive	-van	-vin
translative	-vaks	-vikš
inessive	-vas	-viš
elative	-vaspäi	-višpäi
illative	-vaha	-vihe
adessive	-val	-vil
ablative	-valpäi	-vilpäi
allative	-vale	-vile
abessive	-vata	-vita
comitative	-vanke	-videnke
prolative	-vadme	-vidme
approximative I	-vanno	-videnno
approximative II	-vannoks	-vidennoks
egressive	-vannopäi	-vidennopäi
terminative I	-vahasai	-vihesai
terminative II	-valesai	-vilesai
terminative III	-vassai	—
additive I	-vahapäi	-vihepäi
additive II	-valepäi	-vilepäi

Derived terms

Veps terms suffixed with -v