πάτος

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pá.tos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.tos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.tos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.tos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.tos/

Etymology 1

Uncertain. Clearly related to πατέω (patéō, “I walk, tread”),^[1] but which gave rise to which is less clear. It could be an old zero-grade variant of πόντος (póntos, “sea”), and if so, πατέω (patéō) would be the derivative. In this case, the words derive from Proto-Indo-European *pent- (“to go, walk; way”); cognates thus include Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬥𐬙𐬁 (pantā), Old Armenian հուն (hun), Proto-Germanic *paþaz, whence English path. However, Beekes and Chantraine express semantic doubts for the hypothetical sense development from "way, bath" (πάτος (pátos)) > "to tread" (πατέω (patéō)), as the latter appears to emphasize the individual movement of the legs; if these doubts are correct, then there is no other good etymology for the Greek terms.^[2]

Noun

πᾰ́τος • (pátos) m (genitive πᾰ́του); second declension

trodden or beaten way, path
step (movement of the foot), stepping, treading
floor
dirt, mud, dung

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ πᾰ́τος; τοῦ πᾰ́του (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πᾰ́τος ho pátos	τὼ πᾰ́τω tṑ pátō	οἱ πᾰ́τοι hoi pátoi
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰ́του toû pátou	τοῖν πᾰ́τοιν toîn pátoin	τῶν πᾰ́των tôn pátōn
Dative	τῷ πᾰ́τῳ tôi pátōi	τοῖν πᾰ́τοιν toîn pátoin	τοῖς πᾰ́τοις toîs pátois
Accusative	τὸν πᾰ́τον tòn páton	τὼ πᾰ́τω tṑ pátō	τοὺς πᾰ́τους toùs pátous
Vocative	πᾰ́τε páte	πᾰ́τω pátō	πᾰ́τοι pátoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Etymology 2

Of uncertain origin. Has been connected with Proto-Indo-European *(s)penh₁- (“to weave, spin”) (whence πένομαι (pénomai, “to toil, exert”)), while other theories take the word as a back-formation of πατέω (patéō, “to tread”) (and thus the same as Etymology 1), thus "what is tread" > "long garment reaching to the feet, train". Neither is particularly convincing nor unconvincing.^[3]

Noun

πάτος • (pátos) n (genitive πᾰ́τους); third declension

robe worn by Hera

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ πᾰ́τος; τοῦ πᾰ́τους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ πᾰ́τος tò pátos	τὼ πᾰ́τει tṑ pátei	τᾰ̀ πᾰ́τη tà pátē
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰ́τους toû pátous	τοῖν πᾰτοῖν toîn patoîn	τῶν πᾰτῶν tôn patôn
Dative	τῷ πᾰ́τει tôi pátei	τοῖν πᾰτοῖν toîn patoîn	τοῖς πᾰ́τεσῐ / πᾰ́τεσῐν toîs pátesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ πᾰ́τος tò pátos	τὼ πᾰ́τει tṑ pátei	τᾰ̀ πᾰ́τη tà pátē
Vocative	πᾰ́τος pátos	πᾰ́τει pátei	πᾰ́τη pátē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πάτος 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1158
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πατέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1157
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πάτος 3”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1158

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πάτος (pátos).

Noun

πάτος • (pátos) m (plural πάτοι)

bottom, base
1. seabed, riverbed, lakebed
  Synonym: βυθός (vythós)
2. of a bottle, container, etc
3. buttocks
  Synonym: πισινός (pisinós)
4. of boot or shoe, insole
  Synonym: πατούσα (patoúsa)
(figuratively) bottom (of the class, test, etc)

Declension

Declension of **πάτος**
	singular	plural
nominative	πάτος (pátos)	πάτοι (pátoi)
genitive	πάτου (pátou)	πάτων (páton)
accusative	πάτο (páto)	πάτους (pátous)
vocative	πάτε (páte)	πάτοι (pátoi)

Related terms

άπατα (ápata, “in deep, sunk”, adverb)
πατώνω (patóno)
πάτωμα n (pátoma, “floor”)

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πάτος 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1158

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πατέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1157

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πάτος 3”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1158

[1]

[2]

[3]

Ancient Greek

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Inflection

Etymology 2

Noun

Inflection

References

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

Noun

Declension

Related terms