यह
Appearance
Braj
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]यह (yah)
- this
- Sūrdās, Sūrsāgar 30.1:
- इहिं बँसुरी सखि सबै चुरायौ
- ihĩ bãsurī sakhi sabai curāyau
- 1991 translation by Rupert Snell
- this flute, friend, has stolen everything
- इहिं बँसुरी सखि सबै चुरायौ
- he, she, it (proximal)
Alternative forms
[edit]- ए (e)
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Hindi यहु (yahu), from Apabhramsa एहु m (ehu), एह f (eha), from Prakrit 𑀏𑀲𑁄 m (eso), 𑀏𑀲𑀸 f (esā), from Sanskrit एषः m (eṣaḥ), एषा f (eṣā).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- (proximal) this one; he; she; it (proximal third person singular personal pronoun)
- यह कौन है? ― yah kaun hai? ― Who is this [person]?
Determiner
[edit]- this
- यह मकान बहुत बड़ा है। ― yah makān bahut baṛā hai. ― This house is large.
Inflection
[edit]Pronoun declension of यह
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | यह yah |
ये ye |
indirect | इस is |
इन in |
ergative | इसने isne |
इन्होंने inhõne |
genitive | इसका iskā |
इनका inkā |
dative | इसे, इसको ise, isko |
इन्हें, इनको inhẽ, inko |
instrumental/ablative | इससे isse |
इनसे inse |
inessive | इसमें ismẽ |
इनमें inmẽ |
adessive | इसपे, इसपर ispe, ispar |
इनपे, इनपर inpe, inpar |
terminative | इसतक istak |
इनतक intak |
semblative | इससा issā |
इनसा insā |
Coordinate terms
[edit]type | interrogative | relative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | indefinite | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic | non-emphatic | कौन (kaun, “who?”), क्या (kyā, “what?”) |
जो (jo) | यह (yah) | वह (vah) | कुछ (kuch), कोई (koī), कुछ-न-कुछ (kuch-na-kuch), कोई-न-कोई (koī-na-koī) | |
emphatic | - | जो भी (jo bhī) | यही (yahī) | वही (vahī) | कोई भी (koī bhī), कुछ भी (kuch bhī) | ||
time | non-emphatic | कब (kab) | जब (jab) | अब (ab) | तब (tab) | कभी (kabhī) | |
emphatic | - | जभी (jabhī) | अभी (abhī) | तभी (tabhī) | कभी भी (kabhī bhī) | ||
place | non-emphatic | कहाँ (kahā̃) | जहाँ (jahā̃) | यहाँ (yahā̃) | वहाँ (vahā̃) | कहीं (kahī̃, “somewhere”) | |
emphatic | - | जहीं (jahī̃) | यहीं (yahī̃) | वहीं (vahī̃) | कहीं भी (kahī̃ bhī, “anywhere”) | ||
quantity | कितना (kitnā) | जितना (jitnā) | इतना (itnā) | उतना (utnā) | - | ||
direction | किधर (kidhar) | जिधर (jidhar) | इधर (idhar) | उधर (udhar) | - | ||
quality | कैसा (kaisā) | जैसा (jaisā) | ऐसा (aisā) | वैसा (vaisā), तैसा m (taisā) | कोई सा (koī sā) | ||
manner | कैसे (kaise) | जैसे (jaise) | ऐसे (aise), | वैसे (vaise), तैसे (taise) | - | ||
reason/manner | क्यों (kyõ) | ज्यों (jyõ) | क्योंकि (kyõki), यों (yõ) | त्यों (tyõ) |
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “यह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884) “यह”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Categories:
- Braj lemmas
- Braj pronouns
- Braj terms with quotations
- Hindi terms inherited from Old Hindi
- Hindi terms derived from Old Hindi
- Hindi terms inherited from Apabhramsa
- Hindi terms derived from Apabhramsa
- Hindi terms inherited from Prakrit
- Hindi terms derived from Prakrit
- Hindi terms inherited from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi terms with audio pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi pronouns
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Hindi determiners