ⲧⲟⲟⲩ

Coptic

Etymology 1

From Demotic tw (“mountain, desert”), from Egyptian (ḏw, “mountain”)

Noun

ⲧⲟⲟⲩ • (toou) m (plural ⲧⲟⲩⲓⲏ (touiē) or ⲧⲟⲩⲉⲓⲏ (toueiē))

1. (Sahidic) mountain
2. (Sahidic) desert
3. (Sahidic) monastery

Alternative forms

• ⲧⲁⲩ (tau) — Akhmimic, Fayyumic
• ⲧⲱⲟⲩ (tōou) — Bohairic

Synonyms

• ⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ (erēmos)
• ϣⲁϥⲉ (šafe) (Bohairic, Sahidic)
• ϫⲁⲓⲉ (čaie) (Sahidic, Akhmimic)

Etymology 2

From Egyptian djt dj.w (“to cause that they should give”), from djt (infinitive of rḏj) + dj (subjunctive of rḏj) + .w (“they”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tou̯/

Verb

ⲧⲟⲟⲩ • (toou)

1. (intransitive, Sahidic) to buy

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲧⲟⲟⲩ (Sahidic dialect)

infinitive	affirmative	ⲧⲟⲟⲩ toou	imperative	affirmative	ⲧⲟⲟⲩ toou
	negative	ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ tm̄toou		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄toou

			singular					plural			nominal
			1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
				masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine
durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
present	basic		ϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ titoou	ⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ ktoou	ⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ tetoou	ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ftoou	ⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ stoou	ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ tn̄toou	ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ tetn̄toou	ⲥⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ setoou	ⲧⲟⲟⲩ toou
	circumstantial, focalising		ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ eïtoou	ⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ ektoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eretoou	ⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ eftoou	ⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ estoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ entoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetn̄toou	ⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ eutoou	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ere- toou
	relative		ⲉϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ etitoou	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etk̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetoou, eteretoou	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etf̄toou	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ets̄toou	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etn̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetn̄toou	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ etoutoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etere- toou
	preterite		ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ neïtoou	ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ nektoou	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ neretoou	ⲛⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ neftoou	ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nestoou	ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ nentoou	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ netetn̄toou	ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ neutoou	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nere- toou
future	basic		ϯⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ tinatoou	ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ knatoou	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ tenatoou	ϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ fnatoou	ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ snatoou	ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ tn̄natoou	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ tetnatoou	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ senatoou	ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ natoou
	circumstantial, focalising		ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ eïnatoou	ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ eknatoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ erenatoou	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ efnatoou	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ esnatoou	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ ennatoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetnatoou	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ eunatoou	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ ere- natoou
	relative		ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etinatoou	ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etk̄natoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etenatoou, eterenatoou	ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etf̄natoou	ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ ets̄natoou	ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etn̄natoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetnatoou	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etounatoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etere- natoou
	preterite		ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ neïnatoou	ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ neknatoou	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nerenatoou	ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nefnatoou	ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nesnatoou	ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nennatoou	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ netetnatoou	ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ neunatoou	ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nere- natoou
negated with			(ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an
non-durative sentence
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
past	basic	affirmative	ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ aïtoou	ⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ aktoou	ⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲁⲣⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ atoou, artoou, aretoou	ⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ aftoou	ⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ astoou	ⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ antoou	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ atetn̄toou	ⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ autoou	ⲁ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ a- toou
		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pitoou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pk̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄petoou, m̄pr̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pf̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄ps̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pn̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄petn̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄poutoou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pe- toou
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ eaïtoou	ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ eaktoou	ⲉⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eatoou, eartoou, earetoou	ⲉⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ eaftoou	ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ eastoou	ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ eantoou	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ eatetn̄toou	ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ eautoou	ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ea- toou
		negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄pitoou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄pk̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄petoou, em̄pr̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄pf̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄ps̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄pn̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄petn̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄poutoou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄pe- toou
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ entaïtoou, n̄taïtoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ entaktoou, n̄taktoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ entatoou, n̄tatoou, entartoou, n̄tartoou, entaretoou, n̄taretoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ entaftoou, n̄taftoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ entastoou, n̄tastoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ entantoou, n̄tantoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ entatetn̄toou, n̄tatetn̄toou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ entautoou, n̄tautoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ enta- toou, n̄ta- toou
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pitoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pk̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄petoou, etem̄pr̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pf̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄ps̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pn̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄petn̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄poutoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pe- toou
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ neaïtoou	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ neaktoou	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ neatoou, neartoou, nearetoou	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ neaftoou	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ neastoou	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ neantoou	ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ neatetn̄toou	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ neautoou	ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nea- toou
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pitoou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pk̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄petoou, nem̄pr̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pf̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄ps̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pn̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄petn̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄poutoou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pe- toou
	focalising	affirmative	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄taïtoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄taktoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tatoou, n̄tartoou, n̄taretoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄taftoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tastoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tantoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tatetn̄toou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tautoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄ta- toou
expectative	basic	negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄patitoou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄patk̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄patetoou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄patf̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pats̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄patn̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄patetn̄toou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄patoutoou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pate- toou
	circumstantial	negative	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄patitoou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄patk̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄patetoou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄patf̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄pats̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄patn̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄patetn̄toou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄patoutoou	ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ em̄pate- toou
	relative	negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patitoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patk̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patetoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patf̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pats̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patn̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patetn̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄patoutoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etem̄pate- toou
	preterite	negative	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patitoou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patk̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patetoou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patf̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pats̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patn̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patetn̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄patoutoou	ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nem̄pate- toou
aorist	basic	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ šaïtoou	ϣⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ šaktoou	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ šaretoou	ϣⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ šaftoou	ϣⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ šastoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantoou	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ šatetn̄toou	ϣⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ šautoou	ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ šare- toou
		negative	ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ meïtoou	ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ mektoou	ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ meretoou	ⲙⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ meftoou	ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mestoou	ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ mentoou	ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ metetn̄toou	ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ meutoou	ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ mere- toou
	circumstantial	affirmative	ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ešaïtoou	ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ ešaktoou	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ ešaretoou	ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ešaftoou	ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ešastoou	ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ešantoou	ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ešatetn̄toou	ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ ešautoou	ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ešare- toou
		negative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ emeïtoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ emektoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ emeretoou	ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ emeftoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ emestoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ementoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ emetetn̄toou	ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ emeutoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ emere- toou
	relative	affirmative	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etešaïtoou, ešaïtoou	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ etešaktoou, ešaktoou	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ etešaretoou, ešaretoou	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ etešaftoou, ešaftoou	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ etešastoou, ešastoou	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ etešantoou, ešantoou	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etešatetn̄toou, ešatetn̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ etešautoou, ešautoou	ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etešare- toou, ešare- toou
		negative	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etemeïtoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ etemektoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ etemeretoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ etemeftoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ etemestoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ etementoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etemetetn̄toou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ etemeutoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etemere- toou
	preterite	affirmative	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nešaïtoou	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ nešaktoou	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ nešaretoou	ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nešaftoou	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nešastoou	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ nešantoou	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nešatetn̄toou	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ nešautoou	ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nešare- toou
		negative	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nemeïtoou	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ nemektoou	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ nemeretoou	ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nemeftoou	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nemestoou	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ nementoou	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nemetetn̄toou	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ nemeutoou	ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ nemere- toou
	focalising	affirmative	ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ emeïtoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ emektoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ emeretoou	ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ emeftoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ emestoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ementoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ emetetn̄toou	ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ emeutoou	ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ emere- toou
optative	basic	affirmative	ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eïetoou	ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eketoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eretoou	ⲉϥⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ efetoou	ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ esetoou	ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ enetoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetnetoou	ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ euetoou	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ere- toou
		negative	ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄natoou	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄nektoou	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄netoou	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄neftoou	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄nestoou	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄nentoou	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄netn̄toou	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄neutoou	ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄ne- toou
jussive	basic	affirmative	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ maritoou	(use imperative)		ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mareftoou	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ marestoou	ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ marn̄toou	(use imperative)	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ maroutoou	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ mare- toou
		negative	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄tratoou			ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄treftoou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄trestoou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄trentoou		ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄treutoou	ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ m̄pr̄tre- toou
subordinate clause
			ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄	ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ	-
conjunctive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tatoou, tatoou	ⲛ̄ⲅⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄gtoou, n̄ktoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tetoou	ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄ftoou	ⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄stoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tn̄toou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tetn̄toou	ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄setoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄te- toou
future conjunctive			ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ taritoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ tarektoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ taretoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ tareftoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ tarestoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ tarn̄toou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ taretn̄toou	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ taroutoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ tare- toou
precursive			ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄teritoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄terektoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄teretoou, n̄terertoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tereftoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄terestoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tern̄toou, n̄terentoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄teretn̄toou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄teroutoou	ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ n̄tere- toou
limitative			ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantitoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantk̄toou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantetoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantf̄toou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ šants̄toou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantn̄toou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantetn̄toou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantoutoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ šante- toou
conditional	long		ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ eïšantoou	ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ekšantoou	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ eršantoou, erešantoou	ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ efšantoou	ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ esšantoou	ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ enšantoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetn̄šantoou	ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ eušantoou	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ eršan- toou
	short		ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲟⲟⲩ eïtoou	ⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ ektoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eretoou	ⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ eftoou	ⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ estoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ entoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetn̄toou	ⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ eutoou	ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲟⲟⲩ ere- toou
negated with			ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄-

Synonyms

• (Bohairic) ϣⲱⲡ (šōp)

References

• Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎^[1], Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 441
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 199