吉
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]吉 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土口 (GR), four-corner 40601, composition ⿱士口)
Derived characters
[edit]- 佶, 咭, 𡋥, 姞, 㣟, 恄, 拮, 洁, 狤, 桔, 㸵, 祮, 䂒, 硈, 秸, 袺, 結(结), 聐, 蛣, 夡, 詰(诘), 銡(𰽲), 鞊, 鮚(鲒), 黠
- 㐖, 劼, 㓤, 郆, 欯, 翓, 喆, 頡(颉), 鴶(𱉥), 𪜒, 迼, 趌, 䓀, 髻, 𫜖, 㔛, 臺, 嚞, 䦖, 𡕍, 調, 䭇
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 175, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3289
- Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5409
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
吉 | |
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alternative forms | 𠮷 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 吉 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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秸 | *kriːl, *kriːd |
髻 | *kiːds |
夡 | *kʰids |
鴶 | *kriːd |
袺 | *kriːd, *kiːd |
頡 | *kriːd, *ɡiːd |
劼 | *kʰriːd |
硈 | *kʰriːd |
咭 | *kʰriːd, *ɡlid, *qʰlid |
黠 | *ɡriːd |
聐 | *ŋreːd |
趌 | *ked, *klid, *kʰid, *ɡrid |
結 | *kiːd |
拮 | *kiːd, *klid |
桔 | *kiːd |
狤 | *kiːd, *klid, *ɡrid |
擷 | *qʰiːd, *ɡiːd |
襭 | *ɡiːd |
翓 | *ɡiːd |
纈 | *ɡiːd |
吉 | *klid |
郆 | *kid |
詰 | *kʰid |
蛣 | *kʰid |
佶 | *ɡlid, *ɡrid |
鮚 | *ɡrid |
姞 | *ɡrid |
欯 | *qʰlid |
恄 | *qʰlid |
Ideogram (指事) derived from axe 士 and a distinguishing mark 口
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kjit (“happy; pleased”) (STEDT). Also compare Tibetan སྐྱིད་པ (skyid pa, “to be happy”) and Burmese ချစ် (hkyac, “to love, to be pleased”) (Schuessler, 2007, Hill, 2019).
Cantonese sense of “empty” arises from avoidance of 空 (hung1), which is homophonous to 凶 (hung1, “inauspicious”).
The Taiwanese Chinese sense of “to sue” arises from avoidance of 告 (gào, “to sue”), which is a typo form of it.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ji2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): jit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jieh4
- Northern Min (KCR): gĭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): gék
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7ciq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jí
- Wade–Giles: chi2
- Yale: jí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: ji2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gi
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gat1
- Yale: gāt
- Cantonese Pinyin: gat7
- Guangdong Romanization: ged1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐt̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: git2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kit̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: jit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕit̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kit
- Hakka Romanization System: gidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gid5
- Sinological IPA: /kit̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jieh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gék
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- Xiamen:
- kiat - vernacular;
- kit - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: kjit
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qi[t]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*klid/
Definitions
[edit]吉
- auspicious; lucky
- good
- (Cantonese, euphemistic) empty
- (Cantonese, euphemistic) emptiness; nothingness
- Short for 吉林 (Jílín, “Jilin Province”).
- a surname
- (Taiwan, Internet slang) to accuse; to sue; to file a lawsuit; to press charges
- (~縣) Ji County (a county of Linfen, Shanxi, China)
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 空 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 空 |
Taiwan | 空 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 空 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 空 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 空 |
Wuhan | 空 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 空 |
Hefei | 空 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 空, 吉 |
Hong Kong | 空, 吉 | |
Taishan | 空 | |
Yangjiang | 空 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 空 |
Hakka | Meixian | 空 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 空 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 空 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 空 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 空 |
Quanzhou | 空 | |
Zhangzhou | 空 | |
Tainan | 空 | |
Chaozhou | 空 | |
Jieyang | 空 | |
Wu | Suzhou | 空 |
Wenzhou | 空 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 空 |
Shuangfeng | 空 |
Descendants
[edit]- → English: Ji
Compounds
[edit]- 不吉 (bùjí)
- 丙吉問牛/丙吉问牛
- 尹吉甫
- 乞拉朋吉
- 交吉
- 凶多吉少 (xiōngduōjíshǎo)
- 初吉
- 努隆吉 (nǔlóngjí)
- 卜吉
- 即吉
- 吉丁
- 吉丁當/吉丁当
- 吉丁疙疸
- 吉丟古堆/吉丢古堆
- 吉亞/吉亚 (Jíyà)
- 吉人
- 吉人天相 (jíréntiānxiàng)
- 吉仁 (Jírén)
- 吉他 (jítā)
- 吉備真備/吉备真备
- 吉兆 (jízhào)
- 吉光片羽 (jíguāngpiànyǔ)
- 吉凶 (jíxiōng)
- 吉凶悔吝
- 吉凶慶弔/吉凶庆吊
- 吉凶未卜
- 吉利 (jílì)
- 吉利話/吉利话
- 吉劇/吉剧
- 吉包
- 吉卜賽人/吉卜赛人 (jíbǔsàirén)
- 吉卜齡/吉卜龄
- 吉占
- 吉吉枓枓
- 吉呷 (Jígā)
- 吉問/吉问
- 吉器
- 吉地
- 吉士 (jíshì)
- 吉夕
- 吉娃娃 (jíwáwa)
- 吉安 (Jí'ān)
- 吉屋 (jíwū)
- 吉川英治
- 吉州窯/吉州窑
- 吉布地 (Jíbùdì)
- 吉帖
- 吉席
- 吉慶/吉庆 (jíqìng)
- 吉慶無虞/吉庆无虞
- 吉日 (jírì)
- 吉日良辰
- 吉旦 (jídàn)
- 吉星文
- 吉星高照
- 吉時/吉时
- 吉普女郎
- 吉普賽/吉普赛 (Jípǔsài)
- 吉普車/吉普车 (jípǔchē)
- 吉月
- 吉服
- 吉朋
- 吉期 (jíqī)
- 吉林 (Jílín)
- 吉格代加依 (Jígédàijiāyī)
- 吉水 (Jíshuǐ)
- 吉爾吉斯/吉尔吉斯 (Jí'ěrjísī)
- 吉爾庫克/吉尔库克
- 吉特巴
- 吉玎玎
- 吉田松陰/吉田松阴
- 吉田茂
- 吉祥 (jíxiáng)
- 吉祥如意 (jíxiángrúyì)
- 吉祥止止
- 吉祥物 (jíxiángwù)
- 吉禮/吉礼 (jílǐ)
- 吉羊 (jíxiáng)
- 吉蔑 (Jímiè)
- 吉藏
- 吉言 (jíyán)
- 吉貝/吉贝 (jíbèi)
- 吉賽爾/吉赛尔
- 吉辛
- 吉達/吉达 (Jídá)
- 吉里巴斯 (Jílǐbāsī)
- 吉金
- 吉金文
- 吉隆坡 (Jílóngpō)
- 吉魯巴/吉鲁巴 (jílǔbā)
- 吉鹽/吉盐
- 喬吉/乔吉
- 喜鵲叫吉/喜鹊叫吉
- 塔吉克 (Tǎjíkè)
- 塔吉克族 (Tǎjíkèzú)
- 多凶少吉
- 夢蘭叶吉/梦兰叶吉
- 大吉 (dàjí)
- 天相吉人
- 巴什吉爾/巴什吉尔
- 布拉吉 (bùlāji)
- 帕息吉
- 延吉縣/延吉县
- 得個吉/得个吉
- 從吉/从吉
- 成吉思汗 (Chéngjísīhán)
- 擇吉/择吉 (zéjí)
- 易元吉
- 春風藹吉/春风蔼吉
- 月吉
- 有吉
- 木吉 (Mùjí)
- 東吉/东吉 (Dōngjí)
- 柏吉烏斯/柏吉乌斯
- 歐吉桑/欧吉桑 (ōujísāng)
- 永吉 (Yǒngjí)
- 涓吉
- 混吉
- 潭祉叶吉
- 王吉
- 班迭棉吉 (Bāndié Miánjí)
- 福吉
- 秦吉了 (qínjíliǎo)
- 納吉/纳吉 (Nàjí)
- 維吉尼亞/维吉尼亚 (Wéijíníyà)
- 羅鉗吉網/罗钳吉网
- 良辰吉日 (liángchénjírì)
- 英吉沙 (Yīngjíshā)
- 薩利吉勒干南庫勒/萨利吉勒干南库勒 (Sàlìjílègānnánkùlè)
- 襲吉/袭吉
- 諏吉/诹吉
- 豐臣秀吉/丰臣秀吉
- 趨吉避凶 (qūjíbìxiōng)
- 逢凶化吉 (féngxiōnghuàjí)
- 避凶就吉
- 避凶趨吉
- 邱吉爾/邱吉尔 (Qiūjí'ěr)
- 鄭吉/郑吉
- 電吉他/电吉他 (diànjítā)
- 黃道吉日/黄道吉日 (huángdàojírì)
References
[edit]- “吉”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]吉
Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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吉 |
きち Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Alternative forms
[edit]- 吉 (kitsu)
Noun
[edit]- good luck
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
吉 |
きつ Grade: S |
on'yomi |
Noun
[edit]- Alternative form of 吉 (kichi, “good luck”)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]吉: Hán Việt readings: cát[1][2][3][4][5][6]
吉: Nôm readings: kiết[1][2]
- chữ Hán form of cát (“auspicious, lucky”).
References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- zh:Counties of China
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