常在
Chinese
[edit]always; ever; often always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant |
(located) at; in; exist (located) at; in; exist; (before verbs) immediately involved in; right in the middle of doing | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (常在) |
常 | 在 | |
| alternative forms | 長在／长在 Hokkien 常哉 Hokkien | ||
Etymology
[edit]- "(Hokkien) often"
- The first character has an irregular pronunciation in this word. The Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary (1932) considers it to be borrowed from Mandarin. Along with John Macgowan's "English and Chinese Dictionary of the Amoy Dialect" (1883), they both interpret chhiâng-chāi as "constantly present", but modern dictionaries, such as 《台灣話大詞典》, assign siông-chāi to that sense.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng4 zoi6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sòng-chhai
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siông-chāi / chhiâng-chāi / chhêng-chāi
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ ㄗㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chángzài
- Wade–Giles: chʻang2-tsai4
- Yale: cháng-dzài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charngtzay
- Palladius: чанцзай (čanczaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵ t͡saɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: soeng4 zoi6
- Yale: sèuhng joih
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng4 dzoi6
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng4 zoi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœːŋ²¹ t͡sɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sòng-chhai
- Hakka Romanization System: songˇ cai
- Hagfa Pinyim: song2 cai4
- Sinological IPA: /soŋ¹¹ t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông-chāi
- Tâi-lô: siông-tsāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: siongzai
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/
- IPA (Taipei): /siɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiâng-chāi
- Tâi-lô: tshiâng-tsāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiangzai
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiaŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhêng-chāi
- Tâi-lô: tshîng-tsāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: zhengzai
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai³³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɪŋ²³⁻³³ t͡sai³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
Note:
- chhiâng-chāi — "often", obsolete for "to exist always";
- chhêng-chāi — variant for "often".
Verb
[edit]常在
- to exist always; to be constantly present
Noun
[edit]常在
- (historical) first-class female attendant during the Qing dynasty
Adverb
[edit]常在
- (Zhangping and Taiwanese Hokkien) often; frequently; usually
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “常在”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary][1] (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC
- Macgowan, John (1883) “Present”, in English and Chinese Dictionary of the Amoy Dialect, Amoy & London: A. A. Marcal and Trubner & Co. 57 Ludgate Hill, page 397
- 《台灣話大詞典》 (Tâi-ôan-ōe tōa-sû-tián), Taipei, 2002 →ISBN
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