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玉

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 王, 𤣩, 主, and 玊
玉 U+7389, 玉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7389
← 玈
[U+7388] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 玊 →
[U+738A]
⽟ U+2F5F, ⽟
KANGXI RADICAL JADE
← ⽞
[U+2F5E] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽠ →
[U+2F60]

Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes
Stroke order
(Chinese)
Stroke order
(Japan)

Alternative forms

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  • 𤣩 (When used as a radical component)

Han character

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See images of
Radical 96 玉

玉 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈 (MGI), four-corner 10103, composition ⿱一圡 or ⿷王丶)

  1. Kangxi radical #96, ⽟.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №6

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 726, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20821
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1135, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1100, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7389

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 玉
alternative forms 王
𤣩
𠀛

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (玉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
珏 *kŋroːɡ
砡 *ŋuɡ
匤 *kʰoɡ
玉 *ŋoɡ
鳿 *ŋoɡ
頊 *ŋoɡ, *hŋoɡ

The character's shape was historically very similar to 王; a dot was introduced to differentiate the two.

Pictogram (象形) : a picture of a cong (琮), a sort of ritual jade totem.

It is also interpreted as three pieces of jade strung together on a string.

Etymology

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STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-lu(ŋ/k) (“stone”), which is also compared to 琭 (OC *roːɡ, “a kind of precious stone”) and 碭 (OC *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs, “brilliant veined stone”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • nguŏh - vernacular;
  • ngṳ̆k - literary.
Note:
  • ge̍k/gia̍k - vernacular;
  • gio̍k - literary.
Note:
  • rou6 - vernacular;
  • y4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 玉
    Mandarin Beijing /y⁵¹/
    Harbin /y⁵³/
    Tianjin /y⁵³/
    Jinan /y²¹/
    Qingdao /y⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /y³¹²/
    Xi'an /y²¹/
    Xining /y⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /y¹³/
    Lanzhou /y¹³/
    Ürümqi /y²¹³/
    Wuhan /y³⁵/
    Chengdu /y¹³/
    Guiyang /i²¹³/
    Kunming /i²¹²/
    Nanjing /y⁴⁴/
    Hefei /zz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /y⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /y³⁵/
    Hohhot /y⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ȵioʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ȵioʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ȵioʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ȵo²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /y²²/
    Tunxi /ȵy¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /y⁵⁵/
    /ʐəu²⁴/
    Xiangtan /y⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /y²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /ŋiuk̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ŋiuk̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jok̚²/
    Nanning /juk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /juk̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /giɔk̚⁵/
    /gik̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ŋuoʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ŋy⁴²/
    Shantou (Teochew) /gek̚⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /zi³³/
    /zi³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 玉
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
    Final (韻) 燭 (8)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 魚欲切
    Baxter ngjowk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ŋɨok̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ŋiok̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ŋiok̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ŋuawk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/ŋiok̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/ŋĭwok̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ŋi̯wok̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yù
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		juk6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 玉
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ngjowk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ŋ](r)ok/ (< uvular?)
    English jade

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 玉
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 15971
    Phonetic
    component         		玉
    Rime
    group         		屋
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		玉
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ŋoɡ/

    Definitions

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    玉

    1. jade (originally nephrite, now also including jadeite)
      一塊玉／一块玉 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 faai3 juk6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  a piece of jade
      玉佩  ―  yùpèi  ―  jaden pendant
      玉石俱焚  ―  yùshíjùfén  ―  the good and the bad perish together (literally, “jade and stone incinerated together”)
    2. pure; beautiful
      玉容  ―  yùróng  ―  beautiful face (of a woman)
      亭亭玉立  ―  tíngtíngyùlì  ―  slender and graceful (of a woman)
      錦衣玉食／锦衣玉食  ―  jǐnyīyùshí  ―  to live a luxurious life
    3. (honorific) your
      玉照  ―  yùzhào  ―  your photograph
    4. (Cantonese, borrowing) Alternative form of 肉
      1. Used in 玉冰燒.
    5. a surname: Yu

    Synonyms

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    • (jade): (Taiwanese Hokkien) 玉仔

    Hyponyms

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    • (jade): 瓊／琼 (qióng, “precious jade, esp. red jade”)

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (玉):
    • → Japanese: 玉(ぎょく) (gyoku)
    • → Korean: 옥(玉) (ok)
    • → Vietnamese: ngọc (玉)

    Others:

    References

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    Etymology 2

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 玉 – see 鬱 (“lush; luxuriant; exuberant; dense; thick; depressed; gloomy; moody; etc.”).
    (This character is the draft (1955) first-round simplified form of 鬱).
    Notes:

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    玉

    (First grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. gem, jewel
    2. beauty, elegance
    3. euphemistic term related to an Emperor of Japan
    4. euphemistic term related to a partner
    5. geisha

    Readings

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    • Go-on: ごく (goku)
    • Kan-on: ぎょく (gyoku, Jōyō)
    • Kun: たま (tama, 玉, Jōyō)
    • Nanori: おく (oku)、きよ (kiyo)、ひかる (hikaru)

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    玉
    たま
    Grade: 1
    kun'yomi

    From Old Japanese.

    Alternative forms

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    • 球 (especially preferred in baseball), 珠
    • (bullet): 弾
    • (gem): 璧

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    玉(たま) • (tama) 

    1. any spherical or similarly-rounded object:
      1. a ball
      2. an orb
      3. a sphere
      4. a bead of an abacus
      5. lens
        Synonym: レンズ (renzu)
      6. a bullet
      7. an egg, especially of a chicken
        Synonyms: 鶏卵 (keiran); 卵, 玉子 (tamago)
    2. a gem, jewel
    3. an object of value
    4. a female entertainer (geisha, prostitute, etc.)
    5. (colloquial) Short for 金玉 (kintama): testicles
    Derived terms
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    Derived terms
    Descendants
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    Counter

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    玉(たま) • (-tama) 

    1. counter for ramen and udon for one person
      冷凍(れいとう)うどん1(ひと)玉(たま)
      reitō udon hito-tama
      one bowl of frozen udon
    See also
    [edit]

    Prefix

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    玉(たま) • (tama-) 

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Derived terms
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    Derived terms

    Proper noun

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    玉(たま) • (Tama) 

    1. a place name
    2. a female given name

    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    玉
    ぎょく
    Grade: 1
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 玉 (MC ngjowk).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    玉(ぎょく) • (gyoku) 

    1. a gem, jewel
    2. generic name for jadeite or nephrite
    3. chicken eggs used as food, especially as a topping for sushi
      Synonym: 鶏卵 (keiran)
    4. a stock being traded
    5. Short for 建て玉 (tategyoku): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    6. a geisha
      Synonym: 芸者 (geisha)
    7. Short for 玉代 (gyokudai): This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    Derived terms
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    Derived terms
    Idioms
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    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    玉
    ぎょく
    Grade: 1
    on'yomi

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    玉(ぎょく) • (gyoku) 

    1. (shogi) king
    Derived terms
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    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    玉 (eumhun 구슬 옥 (guseul ok))

    1. hanja form? of 옥 (“jade”) See there for further compounds.

    Compounds

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    玉: Hán Nôm readings: ngọc

    1. gem; precious stone

    Derived terms

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    Derived terms
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