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省

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
省 U+7701, 省
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7701
← 眀
[U+7700] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 眂 →
[U+7702]
省 U+F96D, 省
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96D
← 塞
[U+F96C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 葉 →
[U+F96E]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character

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省 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 火竹月山 (FHBU), four-corner 90602, composition ⿱少目)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 802, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23179
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1218, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2473, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7701

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 省
alternative forms
𥅱
𥄾
眚
䁞
𡮀
𥅱
𥄾
眚
䁞
𡮀
𡨽
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 省
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (省) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
省 *sreŋʔ, *sleŋʔ
渻 *saːl, *sreŋʔ, *seŋʔ
箵 *sleːŋʔ

Originally 眚. In oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sreŋʔ, *sleŋʔ) : phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “sprout”) + 目 (“eye”) – "to inspect plants". In Shuowen Jiezi, 眚 and 省 became separate characters. 生 corrupted over time into 少.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • sén - “province”;
  • sáng - “to save”.
Note:
  • sēng - literary (“province; to reduce”);
  • sāng - vernacular (“to save; to reduce”).
Note:
  • Zhangzhou:
    • séng - literary;
    • séⁿ - vernacular.
Rime
Character 省
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 所景切
Baxter srjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃiaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂiajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/ʃiɐŋX/
Wang
Li 		/ʃĭɐŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʂi̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shěng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sang2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 省
Reading # 1/2
No. 11384
Phonetic
component 		省
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		省
Old
Chinese 		/*sreŋʔ/
Notes 甲金文生省聲

Definitions

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省

  1. to omit; to leave out
  2. to reduce, to simplify
  3. (colloquial, by extension) to have less strange, potentially genius but generally lousy ideas for the sake of others to save worry
    你還是省省吧。 [MSC, trad.]
    你还是省省吧。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ háishì shěng shěng ba. [Pinyin]
    You'd better give it up.
  4. to save, to economize
    省電／省电  ―  shěngdiàn  ―  to conserve electricity
    省錢／省钱  ―  shěngqián  ―  to save money
  5. † palace
  6. ⁜ (historical, by extension) department (of a government)
    中書省／中书省  ―  Zhōngshūshěng  ―  the Central Secretariat
    1. ministry of the Japanese or North Korean government
      外務省／外务省  ―  wàiwùshěng  ―  Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan
      社會安全省／社会安全省  ―  shèhuì ānquán shěng  ―  Ministry of Social Security
  7. province; (originally) Short for 行省 (xíngshěng). (Classifier: 個／个)
    福建省  ―  Fújiàn Shěng  ―  Fujian Province
  8. (chiefly Guangdong) Short for 省城 (shěngchéng, “Guangzhou”).
    省港澳  ―  Shěng-Gǎng-Ào  ―  Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macau
  9. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 省 (“to save; to economize”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 省
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 省
Singapore 省
Southwestern Mandarin Guilin 省
Cantonese Guangzhou 慳
Hong Kong 慳
Taishan 慳
Singapore (Guangfu) 慳
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 慳
Hakka Meixian 省
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 慳
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 省
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 省
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 省
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 省
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 省
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 省
Hong Kong 省
Southern Min Taipei 省 GT
Penang (Hokkien) 省
Singapore (Hokkien) 省, 儉
Manila (Hokkien) 省
Chaozhou 儉
Shantou 儉, 省
Jieyang 儉
Haifeng 儉
Singapore (Teochew) 儉
Pontianak (Teochew) 儉
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
Dialectal synonyms of 廣州 (“Guangzhou”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 廣州, 穗 short
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 廣州
Singapore 廣州
Cantonese Guangzhou 廣州, 廣府, 省城, 省
Hong Kong 廣州, 省城, 大圈 slang
Taishan 廣州, 省城
Kaiping (Chikan) 省
Dongguan 廣州, 省城
Singapore (Guangfu) 廣州
Hakka Meixian 廣州
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 省
Southern Min Xiamen 廣州
Quanzhou 廣州
Zhangzhou 廣州
Penang (Hokkien) 廣州
Singapore (Hokkien) 廣州
Leizhou 廣州
Usage notes
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  • Historically used as a suffix for many foreign major administrative divisions (states of the US, etc.), such usage is now generally obsolete (outside of fossilized instances like 麻省 (“Massachusetts”)) and replaced with 州 (zhōu, “state”).

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (省):
  • → Japanese: 省(しょう) (shō)
  • → Korean: 성(省) (seong)
  • → Vietnamese: tỉnh (省)

Others:

See also

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  • 縣／县 (xiàn, “Japanese prefecture”)
  • 州 (zhōu, “state”)

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 省
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息井切
Baxter sjengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/siᴇŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siɛŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siæŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/siajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/siɛŋX/
Wang
Li 		/sĭɛŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/si̯ɛŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 省
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]eŋʔ/
English inspect

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 省
Reading # 2/2
No. 11386
Phonetic
component 		省
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		省
Old
Chinese 		/*sleŋʔ/

Definitions

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省

  1. to examine; to inspect
  2. to greet; to visit
  3. to understand; to comprehend

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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省

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. government ministry
  2. Chinese province

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
省
しょう
Grade: 4
goon

From Middle Chinese 省 (MC srjaengX|sjengX).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

省(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. ministry, government department, office
    法務省(ほうむしょう)
    hōmu shō
    Ministry of Justice
  2. Chinese province
    広東省(カントンしょう)
    kanton shō
    Guangdong Province

Prefix

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省(しょう) • (shō-) ←しやう (syau-)?

  1. -saving, conservation
    省(しょう)エネルギー ― shōenerugī ― energy conservation, energy efficiency
    省(しょう)時(じ)間(かん) ― shōjikan ― time conservation, time efficiency

Suffix

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省(しょう) • (-shō) ←しやう (-syau)?

  1. ministry

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
省
つかさ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 省 – see the following entry.
【長つかさ】2
[noun] a manager, a headman, a foreman
[noun] an official
[noun] government service
[proper noun] a surname
[proper noun] a unisex given name
Alternative spellings
官, 司, 首, 宰
(This term, 省, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 省 (MC sjengX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 셔ᇰ〯 (Yale: syěng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] ᄉᆞᆯ필 셩 Recorded as Middle Korean 셩 (syeng) (Yale: syeng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 ᄉᆞᆯ필 셩 Recorded as Early Modern Korean 셩 (Yale: syeng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

省 (eumhun 살필 성 (salpil seong))

  1. hanja form? of 성 (“to examine; to inspect”)
  2. hanja form? of 성 (“Chinese province”)
  3. hanja form? of 성 (“ministry; department”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 省 (MC srjaengX).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᇰ〯 (Yale: sǒyng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 조릴 ᄉᆡᆼ Recorded as Middle Korean ᄉᆡᆼ (soyng) (Yale: soyng) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Early Modern Korean
Text Final (韻) Reading
Samun Seonghwi, 1751 덜 ᄉᆡᆼ Recorded as Early Modern Korean ᄉᆡᆼ (Yale: soyng) in Juhae Cheonjamun (註解千字文 / 주해천자문), 1804.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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省 (eumhun 덜 생 (deol saeng))

  1. hanja form? of 생 (“to reduce; to omit”)
  2. hanja form? of 생 (“saving; conservation”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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省: Hán Nôm readings: tỉnh, xển, xỉnh, xĩnh, tểnh, tễnh

  1. chữ Hán form of tỉnh (“province; prefecture”).
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