裁

裁	U+88C1, 裁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-88C1

Translingual

Han character

裁 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十戈卜竹女 (JIYHV), four-corner 4375₀, composition ⿹𢦏衣)

Derived characters

𬿢, 𭢚, 𣚸, 𦅞, 𧸄

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1116, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34258
Dae Jaweon: page 1581, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3086, character 2
Unihan data for U+88C1

Chinese

simp. and trad.		裁

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 裁
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (𢦏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
𢦏	*ʔslɯː
栽	ʔslɯː, zlɯːs
哉	*ʔslɯː
烖	*ʔslɯː
載	ʔslɯːʔ, ʔslɯːs, *zlɯːs
渽	*ʔsɯː
睵	ʔsɯː, sʰɯː
溨	*zɯː
裁	zlɯː, zlɯːs
酨	l'ɯːs, zlɯːs
蛓	sʰles, sʰɯs
胾	*ʔsrɯs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) : semantic 衣 + phonetic 𢦏 (OC *ʔslɯː). However, the phonetic component has a reference to a blade and an arrow, hence to the concept of cutting (e.g., fabric).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cái (cai²)

(Zhuyin): ㄘㄞˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coi⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhài
Eastern Min (BUC): còi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhâi

(Teochew, Peng'im): cai⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cái
  - Zhuyin: ㄘㄞˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cái
  - Wade–Giles: tsʻai²
  - Yale: tsái
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsair
  - Palladius: цай (caj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaɪ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: coi⁴
  - Yale: chòih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: coi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːi̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhài
  - Hakka Romanization System: cai^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cai²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: còi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡søy⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhâi
  - Tâi-lô: tshâi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhaai
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰai¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰai²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰai²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cai⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshâi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰai⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzoj, dzojH

Rime
Character	裁	裁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	昨哉切	昨代切
Baxter	dzoj	dzojH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zʌi/	/d͡zʌi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zəi/	/d͡zəi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɒi/	/d͡zɒi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zəj/	/d͡zəj^H/
Li Rong	/d͡zᴀi/	/d͡zᴀi^H/
Wang Li	/d͡zɒi/	/d͡zɒi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱɑ̆i/	/d͡zʱɑ̆i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cái	zài
Expected Cantonese Reflex	coi⁴	zoi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤə/

(Zhengzhang): /*zlɯː/, /*zlɯːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	裁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	cái
Middle Chinese	‹ dzoj ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁə/
English	cut out clothes
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	裁	裁
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16498	16500
Phonetic component		
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	裁	載
Old Chinese	/*zlɯː/	/*zlɯːs/

Definitions

裁

to cut out; to cut into parts
裁縫／裁缝 ― cáiféng ― to tailor ("to cut and sew")

裁衣服 ― cái yīfú ― to cut out a garment
- 不知細葉誰裁出，二月春風似剪刀。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  不知细叶谁裁出，二月春风似剪刀。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 7th–8th century, He Zhizhang, 詠柳
  Bùzhī xì yè shéi cái chū, èryuè chūnfēng sì jiǎndāo. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
to cut down; to decrease
裁軍／裁军 ― cáijūn ― disarmament

裁員／裁员 ― cáiyuán ― to lay off staff

我被公司裁了。 ― Wǒ bèi gōngsī cái le. ― I got laid off by my company.
(literary, or in compounds) to control; to rule
獨裁／独裁 ― dúcái ― authoritarian rule
(literary, or in compounds) to judge; to decide
裁決／裁决 ― cáijué ― to decide (especially by legal verdict)

仲裁 ― zhòngcái ― to arbitrate

自裁 ― zìcái ― to make one's own decision (especially of suicide)
(literary, or in compounds) to select and plan
(literary, or in compounds) form of writing
體裁／体裁 ― tǐcái ― form; style
Classifier for divisions of standard-size printing paper.

Synonyms

(to cut down):

edit

削 (literary, or in compounds)
削減 / 削减 (xuējiǎn)
壓縮 / 压缩 (yāsuō)
損 / 损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
撤 (chè)
收縮 / 收缩 (shōusuō)
消減 / 消减 (xiāojiǎn)
減低 / 减低 (jiǎndī)
減削 / 减削 (jiǎnxuè)
減少 / 减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
減損 / 减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
減縮 / 减缩 (jiǎnsuō)
減輕 / 减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
省卻 / 省却 (shěngquè)
砍 (kǎn)
緊縮 / 紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
縮減 / 缩减 (suōjiǎn)
耗
裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
裁減 / 裁减 (cáijiǎn)
鐫汰 / 镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
降低 (jiàngdī)

(to control):

edit

主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
主張 / 主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
克制 (kèzhì)
克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
制禦 / 制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
制約 / 制约 (zhìyuē)
君 (jūn) (literary)
執掌 / 执掌 (zhízhǎng)
壓制 / 压制 (yāzhì)
壓抑 / 压抑 (yāyì)
局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
局限 (júxiàn)
左右 (zuǒyòu)
把
抑制 (yìzhì)
把持 (bǎchí)
把控 (bǎkòng)
把攬 / 把揽 (bǎlǎn)
抵制 (dǐzhì)
拘束 (jūshù)
按 (àn)
按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
控 (literary, or in compounds)
控制 (kòngzhì)
掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
撥弄 / 拨弄 (bōnòng)
撙節 / 撙节 (zǔnjié)
操控 (cāokòng)
操縱 / 操纵 (cāozòng)
擺佈 / 摆布 (bǎibù)
擺治 / 摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
支配 (zhīpèi)
收斂 / 收敛 (shōuliǎn)
束 (literary, or in compounds)
束縛 / 束缚 (shùfù)
柄 (literary, or in compounds)
框 (kuàng)
禁錮 / 禁锢 (jìngù) (figurative)
積壓 / 积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
節制 / 节制 (jiézhì)
節撙 / 节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
管制 (guǎnzhì)
管束 (guǎnshù)
約束 / 约束 (yuēshù)
統御 / 统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
統治 / 统治 (tǒngzhì)
羈束 / 羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
鎮 / 镇 (zhèn)
限 (xiàn)
限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
限制 (xiànzhì)
駕 / 驾 (jià)
駕馭 / 驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

(to judge):

edit

下結論 / 下结论 (xià jiélùn)
判定 (pàndìng)
判斷 / 判断 (pànduàn)
判決 / 判决 (pànjué)
斬截 / 斩截 (Min Nan)
斷定 / 断定 (duàndìng)
裁奪 / 裁夺 (cáiduó)
裁斷 / 裁断 (cáiduàn)
裁酌 (cáizhuó) (formal)
評 / 评 (píng) (literary, or in compounds)

Compounds

References

“裁”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

裁

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

cut out, judge

Readings

Go-on: ざい (zai)
Kan-on: さい (sai, Jōyō)
Kun: たつ (tatsu, 裁つ, Jōyō)、さばく (sabaku, 裁く, Jōyō)

Compounds

Pronunciation

Kanji in this term
裁
たち Grade: 6
irregular

IPA^(key): [ta̠t͡ɕi]

Proper noun

裁(たち) • (Tachi)

a surname

References

Halpern, New Japanese-English Character Dictionary

Korean

Hanja

裁 (eumhun 마를 재 (mareul jae))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

裁: Hán Việt readings: tài
裁: Nôm readings: tài, trài

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.