Module:eu-pron/new

---

The following documentation is located at Module:eu-pron/new/documentation. ^[edit] Categories were auto-generated by Module:module categorization. ^[edit]

Useful links: root page • root page’s subpages • links • transclusions • testcases • sandbox

This module is not to be directly used. It is used by Template:eu-pr, see there for usage.

--Based on Module:es-pronunc by Benwing2.

local export = {}

local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA")
local m_table = require("Module:table")
local put_module = "Module:parse utilities"

local force_cat = false -- for testing

local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("eu")

local u = mw.ustring.char
local rfind = mw.ustring.find
local rsubn = mw.ustring.gsub
local rmatch = mw.ustring.match
local rsplit = mw.text.split
local ulower = mw.ustring.lower
local uupper = mw.ustring.upper
local usub = mw.ustring.sub
local ulen = mw.ustring.len
local unfd = mw.ustring.toNFD
local unfc = mw.ustring.toNFC

local TILDE = u(0x0303) -- tilde =  ̃
local SYLDIV = u(0xFFF0) -- used to represent a user-specific syllable divider (.) so we won't change it
local vowel = "aeiouAEIOU" -- vowel; include y so we get single-word y correct and for syllabifying from spelling
local V = "[" .. vowel .. "]" -- vowel class
local W = "[wʝ]" -- glides, used in a few loanwords
local sylsep = "%-." .. SYLDIV -- hyphen included for syllabifying from spelling
local sylsep_c = "[" .. sylsep .. "]"
local wordsep = "# "
local separator = sylsep .. wordsep
local separator_c = "[" .. separator .. "]"
local C = "[^" .. vowel .. separator .. "]" -- consonant class including h

-- version of rsubn() that discards all but the first return value
local function rsub(term, foo, bar)
	local retval = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
	return retval
end

-- version of rsubn() that returns a 2nd argument boolean indicating whether
-- a substitution was made.
local function rsubb(term, foo, bar)
	local retval, nsubs = rsubn(term, foo, bar)
	return retval, nsubs > 0
end

-- apply rsub() repeatedly until no change
local function rsub_repeatedly(term, foo, bar)
	while true do
		local new_term = rsub(term, foo, bar)
		if new_term == term then
			return term
		end
		term = new_term
	end
end

local function decompose(text)
	-- decompose everything but ñ and ü
	text = unfd(text)
	text = rsub(text, ".[" .. TILDE .. "]", {
		["n" .. TILDE] = "ñ",
		["N" .. TILDE] = "Ñ",
	})
	return text
end

local function split_on_comma(term)
	if term:find(",%s") then
		return require(put_module).split_on_comma(term)
	else
		return rsplit(term, ",")
	end
end

-- Remove any HTML from the formatted text and resolve links, since the extra characters don't contribute to the
-- displayed length.
local function convert_to_raw_text(text)
	text = rsub(text, "<.->", "")
	if text:find("%[%[") then
		text = require("Module:links").remove_links(text)
	end
	return text
end

-- Return the approximate displayed length in characters.
local function textual_len(text)
	return ulen(convert_to_raw_text(text))
end

local function construct_default_differences(dialect)
	if dialect == "gipuzkoan" then
		return {
			northern_different = false,
			j_different = false,
			need_bisc = false,
		}
	end
	return nil
end

-- Main syllable-division algorithm
local function syllabify_from_spelling_or_pronun(text)

	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. ")(" .. C .. W .. "?" .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. C .. ")(" .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. C .. ")(" .. C .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. C .. C .. ")(" .. C .. C .. V .. ")", "%1.%2")
	text = rsub(text, "([pfbktdɡg])%.([lrɾ])", ".%1%2") --the first "ɡ" is the IPA one; the second "g" is the regular one
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. C .. ")%.s(" .. C .. ")", "%1s.%2")
	-- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([ae]" .. ")ui", "%1u.i")
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([aeiou]" .. ")([aeo])", "%1.%2")
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "ii", "i.i")
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "([iou]" .. ")u", "%1.u")

	return text
end

local function syllabify_from_spelling(text)
	text = decompose(text)
	-- start at FFF1 because FFF0 is used for SYLDIV
	-- Temporary replacements for characters we want treated as default consonants. The C and related consonant regexes
	-- treat all unknown characters as consonants.
	local TEMP_tz = u(0xFFF1)
	local TEMP_ts = u(0xFFF2)
	local TEMP_tx = u(0xFFF3)
	local TEMP_tx_CAPS = u(0xFFF4)
	local TEMP_ll = u(0xFFF5)
	local TEMP_ll_CAPS = u(0xFFF6)
	local TEMP_dd = u(0xFFF7)
	local TEMP_dd_CAPS = u(0xFFF8)
	local TEMP_tt = u(0xFFF9)
	local TEMP_tt_CAPS = u(0xFFFA)
	local TEMP_rr = u(0xFFB)
	
	-- Change user-specified . into SYLDIV so we don't shuffle it around when dividing into syllables.
	text = text:gsub("%.", SYLDIV)

	-- handle digraphs
	text = rsub(text, "tz", TEMP_tz)
	text = rsub(text, "ts", TEMP_ts)
	text = rsub(text, "tx", TEMP_tx)
	text = rsub(text, "Tx", TEMP_tx_CAPS)
	text = rsub(text, "ll", TEMP_ll)
	text = rsub(text, "Ll", TEMP_ll_CAPS)
	text = rsub(text, "tt", TEMP_tt)
	text = rsub(text, "Tt", TEMP_tt_CAPS)
	text = rsub(text, "dd", TEMP_dd)
	text = rsub(text, "Dd", TEMP_dd_CAPS)
	text = rsub(text, "rr", TEMP_rr)
	
	text = syllabify_from_spelling_or_pronun(text)

	text = text:gsub(SYLDIV, ".")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_tz, "tz")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_ts, "ts")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_tx, "tx")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_tx_CAPS, "Tx")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_ll, "ll")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_ll_CAPS, "Ll")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_tt, "tt")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_tt_CAPS, "Tt")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_dd, "dd")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_dd_CAPS, "Dd")
	text = text:gsub(TEMP_rr, "rr")
	
	text = unfc(text)
	return text
end


-- Generate the IPA of a given respelling, where a respelling is the representation of the pronunciation of a given
function export.IPA(text, dialect, phonetic)
	local northern = dialect == "northern"
	local southern = dialect == "gipuzkoan" or dialect == "navarrese" or dialect == "biscayan"
	local nav = dialect == "navarrese"
	local bisc = dialect == "biscayan"
	local northern_different = false
	local j_different = false
	local need_bisc = false
	local J = ""
	local N = ""
	-- start at FFF1 because FFF0 is used for SYLDIV
	local TEMP_Y = u(0xFFF1)
	local TEMP_W = u(0xFFF2)

	--function that gets the last two syllables (used for generating the correct rhymes)
	local function extract_last_syllables(text)
		local words = rsplit(text, " ")
		if #words > 1 then --no rhymes are generated when there are multiple words
			return ""
		end
		text = rsub(text, "([aeou])i", "%1")
		text = rsub(text, "([ae])u", "%1")
		local length  = string.len(text)
		local rhyme   = ""
		local count   = -1
		local syl     = 0
		while count > -length do
			if string.find("aeiou", string.sub(text,count,count)) then
				rhyme = string.sub(text,count,-1)
				syl = syl + 1
				if syl == 2 then
					return rhyme
				end
			end
			count = count - 1
		end
		return rhyme
	end

	text = ulower(text or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text)
	-- decompose everything but ñ and ü
	text = decompose(text)
	-- convert commas and en/en dashes to IPA foot boundaries
	text = rsub(text, "%s*[,–—]%s*", " | ")
	-- question mark or exclamation point in the middle of a sentence -> IPA foot boundary
	text = rsub(text, "([^%s])%s*[!?]%s*([^%s])", "%1 | %2")

	-- canonicalize multiple spaces and remove leading and trailing spaces
	local function canon_spaces(text)
		text = rsub(text, "%s+", " ")
		text = rsub(text, "^ ", "")
		text = rsub(text, " $", "")
		return text
	end

	text = canon_spaces(text)

	-- Convert hyphens to spaces, to handle [[Austria-Hungría]], [[franco-italiano]], etc.
	text = rsub(text, "%-", " ")
	-- canonicalize multiple spaces again, which may have been introduced by hyphens
	text = canon_spaces(text)
	-- now eliminate punctuation
	text = rsub(text, "[!?']", "")
	-- put # at word beginning and end and double ## at text/foot boundary beginning/end
	text = rsub(text, " | ", "# | #")
	text = "##" .. rsub(text, " ", "# #") .. "##"
	
	--determining whether "h" denotes a phoneme, or the lack of palatalization, palatalization when needed
	text = rsub(text, "nh", "N")
	text = rsub(text, "lh", "L")
	text = rsub(text, "([aeo])il([# .h]*[aeiou])", (northern and "%1ił%2" or "%1ĺ%2"))
	text = rsub(text, "([aeo])in([# .h]*[aeiou])", (northern and "%1iň%2" or "%1ń%2"))
	text = rsub(text, "uin([# .h]*[aeiou])", (northern and "uiň%1" or "uiń%1"))
	text = rsub(text, "uil([# .h]*[aeiou])", (northern and "uił%1" or "uiĺ%1"))
	text = rsub(text, "il([# .h]*[aeiou])", (northern and "ił%1" or "iĺ%1"))
	text = rsub(text, "in([# .h]*[aeiou])", (northern and "iň%1" or "iń%1"))
	if text:find("[łňńĺh]") then
		northern_different = true
	end
	if extract_last_syllables(text):find("[łňńĺh]") then
		N = "N"
	end
	text = rsub(text, "ĺ", "ʎ")
	text = rsub(text, "ń", "ɲ")
	text = rsub(text, "N", "n")
	text = rsub(text, "L", "l")
	text = rsub(text, "ň", "n")
	text = rsub(text, "ł", "l")

	--c, g, q
	text = rsub(text, "ng([^aeiouüwhlr])", "n%1") -- [[Bangkok]], [[angstrom]], etc.
	text = rsub(text, "q", "k") -- [[quark]], [[Qatar]], [[burqa]], [[Iraq]], etc.
	text = rsub(text, "c", "k") -- [[campus]], etc.

	--alphabet-to-phoneme
	text = rsub(text, "aje#", "aʒe#") -- final -aje is pronounced /aʒe/ in the North and /axe/ in the South, regardless of how native j is pronounced
	text = rsub(text, "ihoa", "iχoa") -- the <h> in conjugated forms of joan is pronounced in the South 
	text = rsub(text, "zh", "ź")
	text = rsub(text, "tx", "C") --not the real sound
	text = rsub(text, "tz", "Ś") --not the real sound
	text = rsub(text, "ts", "S") --not the real sound
	text = rsubb(text, "ll", "ʎ")
	text = rsubb(text, "dd", "ɟ")
	text = rsubb(text, "tt", "c")
	text = rsub(text, "x", "ʃ")
	text = rsub(text, "#p([st])", "#%1") -- [[psicologia]], [[pterodaktilo]]
	text = rsub(text, "[gñrvz]",
			{ ["g"] = "ɡ", ["ñ"] = "ɲ", ["v"] = "b", ["z"] = "ś" })
	if text:find("ś") or text:find("S") then
		need_bisc = true
	end
	--/x/~/j/~/ʒ/ sounds
	if text:find("[yj]") then
		northern_different = true
		j_different = true
	end
	if extract_last_syllables(text):find("[yj]") then
		J = "J"
	end
	if text:find("ʒ") or text:find("χ") then
		northern_different = true
	end
	if extract_last_syllables(text):find("ʒ") then
		N = "N"
	end
	if text:find("kh") then
		northern_different = true
	end
	if extract_last_syllables(text):find("kh") then
		N = "N"
	end
	if text:find("ź") then
		northern_different = true
	end
	if extract_last_syllables(text):find("ź") then
		N = "N"
	end
	
	text = rsubb(text, "j", (northern and "ɟ" or "x"))
	text = rsubb(text, "y", (northern and "ɟ" or "j")) -- <y> is used for words which always have a palatal
	text = rsubb(text, "kh", (northern and "k" or "χ"))
	text = rsubb(text, "ź", (northern and "ʒ" or "ʃ"))

	-- trilled r (in all cases except between vowels)
	text = rsub(text, "([aeiou])r([aeiou])", "%1ɾ%2")
	text = rsub(text, "([aeiou])r([aeiou])", "%1ɾ%2") -- it has to be applied twice in order to handle VrVrV sequences
	text = rsub(text, "rr", "r")

	text = rsub(text, "n([# .]*[bpm])", "m%1")
	
	-- lack of /h/ in Southern dialects
	text = rsub(text, "aha", (northern and "aha" or "a"))
	text = rsub(text, "ehe", (northern and "ehe" or "e"))
	text = rsub(text, "ihi", (northern and "ihi" or "i"))
	text = rsub(text, "oho", (northern and "oho" or "o"))
	text = rsub(text, "uhu", (northern and "uhu" or "u"))
	text = rsub(text, "h", (northern and "h" or ""))

	text = rsub(text, "n([# .]*[bpm])", "m%1")

	-- handle i/u between vowels
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "ui", "U") --this dipthong requires special treatment
	local vowel_to_glide = { ["i"] = "i.", ["u"] = "u." }
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "(" .. V .. "*)([iu])(" .. V .. ")",
			function(v1, iu, v2)
				return v1 .. vowel_to_glide[iu] .. v2
			end
	)
	text = rsub_repeatedly(text, "U", "ui")

	--syllable division
	text = syllabify_from_spelling_or_pronun(text)

	--dialectal differences
	if nav then
		text = rsub(text, "x", "j")
	elseif bisc then --fake symbols, to be replaced later
		text = rsub(text, "x", "đ")
		text = rsub(text, "j", "đ")
		text = rsub(text, "ś", "s")
		text = rsub(text, "S", "Ś")
	end

	text = rsubb(text, "ʒ", (southern and "x" or "ʒ"))
	text = rsubb(text, "χ", (southern and "x" or "h"))
	
	--phonetic transcription
	if phonetic then
		-- θ, s, f before voiced consonants
		local voiced = "mnɲbdɟɡʎljđ"
		local r = "ɾr"
		local tovoiced = {
			["s"] = "z̺",
			["ś"] = "z̻",
		}
		local function voice(sound, following)
			return tovoiced[sound] .. following
		end
		text = rsub(text, "([sś])(" .. separator_c .. "*[" .. voiced .. r .. "])", voice)

		-- fricative vs. stop allophones; first convert stops to fricatives, then back to stops
		-- after nasals and sometimes after l
		local stop_to_fricative = {["b"] = "β", ["d"] = "ð", ["ɡ"] = "ɣ"}
		local fricative_to_stop = {["β"] = "b", ["ð"] = "d", ["ɣ"] = "ɡ"}
		text = rsub(text, "[bdɡ]", stop_to_fricative)
		text = rsub(text, "([mnɲ]" .. separator_c .. "*)([βɣ])",
			function(nasal, fricative) return nasal .. fricative_to_stop[fricative] end
		)
		text = rsub(text, "([lʎmnɲ]" .. separator_c .. "*)([ð])",
			function(nasal_l, fricative) return nasal_l .. fricative_to_stop[fricative] end
		)
		text = rsub(text, "##β", "##b")
		text = rsub(text, "##ð", "##d")
		text = rsub(text, "##ɣ", "##ɡ")

		text = rsub(text, "[td]", {["t"] = "t̪", ["d"] = "d̪"})

		-- nasal assimilation before consonants
		local labiodental, dentialveolar, alveolopalatal, palatal, velar = "ɱ", "n̪", "nʲ", "ɲ", "ŋ"
		local nasal_assimilation = {
			["f"] = labiodental,
			["t"] = dentialveolar, ["d"] = dentialveolar,
			["C"] = alveolopalatal,
			["ʃ"] = alveolopalatal,
			["đ"] = alveolopalatal,
			["ɟ"] = palatal, ["c"] = palatal, ["ʎ"] = palatal, ["j"] = palatal,
			["k"] = velar, ["x"] = velar, ["ɡ"] = velar,
		}
		text = rsub(text, "n(" .. separator_c .. "*)(.)",
				function(stress, following)
					return (nasal_assimilation[following] or "n") .. stress .. following
				end
		)

		-- lateral assimilation before consonants
		text = rsub(text, "l(" .. separator_c .. "*)(.)",
				function(stress, following)
					local l = "l"
					if following == "t" or following == "d" then
						-- dentialveolar
						l = "l̪"
					elseif following == "C" or following == "ʃ" or following == "đ" then
						-- alveolopalatal
						l = "lʲ"
					elseif following == "ɟ" or following == "c" or following == "j" then
						-- alveolopalatal
						l = "ʎ"
					end
					return l .. stress .. following
				end)

		-- voiced fricatives are actually approximants
		text = rsub(text, "([βðɣ])", "%1̞")
		
		--nasalization of vowels
		text = rsub(text, "([aeou])i([mnɲ])", "%1" .. TILDE .. "i" .. TILDE .. "%2")
		text = rsub(text, "([ae])u([mnɲ])", "%1" .. TILDE .. "u" .. TILDE .. "%2")
		text = rsub(text, "([aeiou])([mnɲ])", "%1" .. TILDE .. "%2")
	end
	
	--semivowels
	text = rsub(text, "([aeou])" .. TILDE .. "([i])", "%1" .. TILDE .. "%2̯")
	text = rsub(text, "([ae])" .. TILDE .. "([u])", "%1" .. TILDE .. "%2̯")
	text = rsub(text, "([aeou][i])", "%1̯")
	text = rsub(text, "([ae][u])", "%1̯")
	text = rsub(text, "u̯i̯", "u̯i") --correct the mistake appeareing in words with aui, eui

	-- convert fake symbols to real ones
	local final_conversions = {
		["S"] = "t͡s̺",
		["Ś"] = "t͡s̻",
		["s"] = "s̺",
		["ś"] = "s̻",
		["C"] = "t͡ʃ",
		["X"] = "x",
		["đ"] = "d͡ʒ",
		["ʝ"] = "j"
 	}
	text = rsub(text, "[SŚsśCXđʝ]", final_conversions)

	-- remove # symbols at word and text boundaries
	text = rsub(text, "#", "")
	text = mw.ustring.toNFC(text)

	--add technical characters to the end of the rhyme in order to parse the rhymes correctly
	text = text .. J .. N

	local differences = nil
	if dialect == "gipuzkoan" then
		differences = {
			northern_different = northern_different,
			need_bisc = need_bisc,
			j_different = j_different,
		}
	end
	local ret = {
		text = text,
		differences = differences,
	}
	return ret
end

function export.IPA_string(frame)
	local iparams = {
		[1] = {},
		["style"] = {required = true},
		["phonetic"] = {type = "boolean"},
	}
	local iargs = require("Module:parameters").process(frame.args, iparams)
	local retval = export.IPA(iargs[1], iargs.style, iargs.phonetic)
	return retval.text
end


-- Generate all relevant dialect pronunciations and group into styles.
local function express_all_styles(style_spec, dodialect)
	local ret = {
		pronun = {},
		expressed_styles = {},
	}

	local need_bisc

	local function express_style(hidden_tag, tag, representative_dialect, matching_styles)
		matching_styles = matching_styles or representative_dialect

		-- If style specified, make sure it matches the requested style.
		local style_matches
		if not style_spec then
			style_matches = true
		else
			local style_parts = rsplit(matching_styles, "%-")
			local or_styles = rsplit(style_spec, "%s*,%s*")
			for _, or_style in ipairs(or_styles) do
				local and_styles = rsplit(or_style, "%s*%+%s*")
				local and_matches = true
				for _, and_style in ipairs(and_styles) do
					local negate
					if and_style:find("^%-") then
						and_style = and_style:gsub("^%-", "")
						negate = true
					end
					local this_style_matches = false
					for _, part in ipairs(style_parts) do
						if part == and_style then
							this_style_matches = true
							break
						end
					end
					if negate then
						this_style_matches = not this_style_matches
					end
					if not this_style_matches then
						and_matches = false
					end
				end
				if and_matches then
					style_matches = true
					break
				end
			end
		end
		if not style_matches then
			return
		end

		-- Fetch the representative dialect's pronunciation if not already present.
		if not ret.pronun[representative_dialect] then
			dodialect(ret, representative_dialect)
		end
		-- Insert the new style into the style group, creating the group if necessary.
		local new_style = {
			tag = tag,
			pronun = ret.pronun[representative_dialect],
		}
		for _, hidden_tag_style in ipairs(ret.expressed_styles) do
			if hidden_tag_style.tag == hidden_tag then
				table.insert(hidden_tag_style.styles, new_style)
				return
			end
		end
		table.insert(ret.expressed_styles, {
			tag = hidden_tag,
			styles = {new_style},
		})
	end

	-- For each type of difference, figure out if the difference exists in any of the given respellings. We do this by
	-- generating the pronunciation for the dialect "gipuzkoan", for each respelling. In the process of
	-- generating the pronunciation for a given respelling, it computes how the other dialects for that respelling
	-- differ. Then we take the union of these differences across the respellings.
	dodialect(ret, "gipuzkoan")
	local differences = {}
	for _, difftype in ipairs { "northern_different", "j_different", "need_bisc"} do
		for _, pronun in ipairs(ret.pronun["gipuzkoan"]) do
			if pronun.differences[difftype] then
				differences[difftype] = true
			end
		end
	end
	local northern_different = differences.northern_different
	local j_different = differences.j_different
	need_bisc = differences.need_bisc

	-- Now, based on the observed differences, figure out how to combine the individual dialects into styles and style groups.
	if northern_different then
		express_style("Navarro-Lapurdian","Navarro-Lapurdian","northern")
		if j_different then
			express_style("Southern","Gipuzkoan","gipuzkoan")
			express_style("Southern","Biscayan","biscayan")
			express_style("Southern","Navarrese","navarrese")
		else
			if need_bisc then
				express_style("Southern","Gipuzkoan, Navarrese","gipuzkoan")
				express_style("Southern","Biscayan","biscayan")
			else
				express_style("Southern","Southern","gipuzkoan")
			end
		end
	else
		if j_different then
			express_style("Navarro-Lapurdian","Navarro-Lapurdian","northern")
			express_style("Southern","Gipuzkoan","gipuzkoan")
			express_style("Southern","Biscayan","biscayan")
			express_style("Southern","Navarrese","navarrese")
		elseif need_bisc then
			express_style(false,"most dialects","gipuzkoan")
			express_style(false,"Biscayan","biscayan")
		else
			express_style(false,false,"gipuzkoan")
		end
	end

	return ret
end


local function format_all_styles(expressed_styles, format_style)
	for i, style_group in ipairs(expressed_styles) do
		if #style_group.styles == 1 then
			style_group.formatted, style_group.formatted_len =
				format_style(style_group.styles[1].tag, style_group.styles[1], i == 1)
		else
			style_group.formatted, style_group.formatted_len =
				format_style(style_group.tag, style_group.styles[1], i == 1)
			for j, style in ipairs(style_group.styles) do
				style.formatted, style.formatted_len =
					format_style(style.tag, style, i == 1 and j == 1)
			end
		end
	end

	local maxlen = 0
	for i, style_group in ipairs(expressed_styles) do
		local this_len = style_group.formatted_len
		if #style_group.styles > 1 then
			for _, style in ipairs(style_group.styles) do
				this_len = math.max(this_len, style.formatted_len)
			end
		end
		maxlen = math.max(maxlen, this_len)
	end

	local lines = {}

	local need_major_hack = false
	for i, style_group in ipairs(expressed_styles) do
		if #style_group.styles == 1 then
			table.insert(lines, style_group.formatted)
			need_major_hack = false
		else
			local inline = '\n<div class="vsShow" style="display:none">\n' .. style_group.formatted .. "</div>"
			local full_prons = {}
			for _, style in ipairs(style_group.styles) do
				table.insert(full_prons, style.formatted)
			end
			local full = '\n<div class="vsHide">\n' .. table.concat(full_prons, "\n") .. "</div>"
			local em_length = math.floor(maxlen * 0.68) -- from [[Module:grc-pronunciation]]
			table.insert(lines, '<div class="vsSwitcher" data-toggle-category="pronunciations" style="width: ' .. em_length .. 'em; max-width:100%;"><span class="vsToggleElement" style="float: right;">&nbsp;</span>' .. inline .. full .. "</div>")
			need_major_hack = true
		end
	end

	-- major hack to get bullets working on the next line after a div box
	return table.concat(lines, "\n") .. (need_major_hack and "\n<span></span>" or "")
end


local function dodialect_pronun(args, ret, dialect)
	ret.pronun[dialect] = {}
	for i, term in ipairs(args.terms) do
		local phonemic, phonetic, differences
		if term.raw then
			phonemic = term.raw_phonemic
			phonetic = term.raw_phonetic
			differences = construct_default_differences(dialect)
		else
			phonemic = export.IPA(term.term, dialect, false)
			phonetic = export.IPA(term.term, dialect, true)
			differences = phonemic.differences
			phonemic = phonemic.text
			phonetic = phonetic.text
		end
		local refs
		if not term.ref then
			refs = nil
		else
			refs = {}
			for _, refspec in ipairs(term.ref) do
				local this_refs = require("Module:references").parse_references(refspec)
				for _, this_ref in ipairs(this_refs) do
					table.insert(refs, this_ref)
				end
			end
		end

		ret.pronun[dialect][i] = {
			raw = term.raw,
			phonemic = phonemic,
			phonetic = phonetic,
			refs = refs,
			q = term.q,
			qq = term.qq,
			a = term.a,
			aa = term.aa,
			differences = differences,
		}
	end
end

local function generate_pronun(args)
	local function remove_technical_chars(text)
		return rsub(text, "([JN])", "")
	end

	local function this_dodialect_pronun(ret, dialect)
		dodialect_pronun(args, ret, dialect)
	end

	local ret = express_all_styles(args.style, this_dodialect_pronun)

	local function format_style(tag, expressed_style, is_first)
		local pronunciations = {}
		local formatted_pronuns = {}

		local function ins(formatted_part)
			table.insert(formatted_pronuns, formatted_part)
		end

		-- Loop through each pronunciation. For each one, add the phonemic and phonetic versions to `pronunciations`,
		-- for formatting by [[Module:IPA]], and also create an approximation of the formatted version so that we can
		-- compute the appropriate width of the HTML switcher div box that holds the different per-dialect variants.
		-- NOTE: The code below constructs the formatted approximation out-of-order in some cases but that doesn't
		-- currently matter because we assume all characters have the same width. If we change the width computation
		-- in a way that requires the correct order, we need changes to the code below.
		for j, pronun in ipairs(expressed_style.pronun) do
			-- Add tag to left qualifiers if first one
			-- FIXME: Consider using accent qualifier for the tag instead.
			local qs = pronun.q
			if j == 1 and tag then
				if qs then
					qs = m_table.deepcopy(qs)
					table.insert(qs, tag)
				else
					qs = {tag}
				end
			end

			local first_pronun = #pronunciations + 1

			if not pronun.phonemic and not pronun.phonetic then
				error("Internal error: Saw neither phonemic nor phonetic pronunciation")
			end

			if pronun.phonemic then -- missing if 'raw:[...]' given
				-- don't display syllable division markers in phonemic
				local slash_pron = "/" .. remove_technical_chars(pronun.phonemic:gsub("%.", "")) .. "/"
				table.insert(pronunciations, {
					pron = slash_pron,
				})
				ins(slash_pron)
			end

			if pronun.phonetic then -- missing if 'raw:/.../' given
				local bracket_pron = "[" .. remove_technical_chars(pronun.phonetic) .. "]"
				table.insert(pronunciations, {
					pron = bracket_pron,
				})
				ins(bracket_pron)
			end

			local last_pronun = #pronunciations

			if qs then
				pronunciations[first_pronun].q = qs
			end
			if pronun.a then
				pronunciations[first_pronun].a = pronun.a
			end
			if j > 1 then
				pronunciations[first_pronun].separator = ", "
				ins(", ")
			end
			if pronun.qq then
				pronunciations[last_pronun].qq = pronun.qq
			end
			if pronun.aa then
				pronunciations[last_pronun].aa = pronun.aa
			end
			if qs or pronun.qq or pronun.a or pronun.aa then
				-- Note: This inserts the actual formatted qualifier text, including HTML and such, but the later call
				-- to textual_len() removes all HTML and reduces links.
				ins(require("Module:pron qualifier").format_qualifiers {
					lang = lang,
					text = "",
					q = qs,
					qq = pronun.qq,
					a = pronun.a,
					aa = pronun.aa,
				})
			end

			if pronun.refs then
				pronunciations[last_pronun].refs = pronun.refs
				-- Approximate the reference using a footnote notation. This will be slightly inaccurate if there are
				-- more than nine references but that is rare.
				ins(string.rep("[1]", #pronun.refs))
			end
			if first_pronun ~= last_pronun then
				pronunciations[last_pronun].separator = " "
				ins(" ")
			end
		end

		local bullet = string.rep("*", args.bullets) .. " "
		-- Here we construct the formatted line in `formatted`, and also try to construct the equivalent without HTML
		-- and wiki markup in `formatted_for_len`, so we can compute the approximate textual length for use in sizing
		-- the toggle box with the "more" button on the right.
		local pre = is_first and args.pre and args.pre .. " " or ""
		local post = is_first and args.post and " " .. args.post or ""
		local formatted = bullet .. pre .. m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = lang, items = pronunciations, separator = "" } .. post
		local formatted_for_len = bullet .. pre .. "IPA(key): " .. table.concat(formatted_pronuns) .. post
		return formatted, textual_len(formatted_for_len)
	end

	ret.text = format_all_styles(ret.expressed_styles, format_style)

	return ret
end


local function parse_respelling(respelling, pagename, parse_err)
	local raw_respelling = respelling:match("^raw:(.*)$")
	if raw_respelling then
		local raw_phonemic, raw_phonetic = raw_respelling:match("^/(.*)/ %[(.*)%]$")
		if not raw_phonemic then
			raw_phonemic = raw_respelling:match("^/(.*)/$")
		end
		if not raw_phonemic then
			raw_phonetic = raw_respelling:match("^%[(.*)%]$")
		end
		if not raw_phonemic and not raw_phonetic then
			parse_err(("Unable to parse raw respelling '%s', should be one of /.../, [...] or /.../ [...]")
				:format(raw_respelling))
		end
		return {
			raw = true,
			raw_phonemic = raw_phonemic,
			raw_phonetic = raw_phonetic,
		}
	end
	if respelling == "+" then
		respelling = pagename
	end
	return {term = respelling}
end

-- Return the number of syllables of a phonemic representation, which should have syllable dividers in it but no
-- hyphens.
local function get_num_syl_from_phonemic(phonemic)
	-- Maybe we should just count vowels instead of the below code.
	phonemic = rsub(phonemic, "|", " ") -- remove IPA foot boundaries
	local words = rsplit(phonemic, " +")
	for i, word in ipairs(words) do
		-- IPA stress marks are syllable divisions if between characters; otherwise just remove.
		word = rsub(word, "(.)[ˌˈ](.)", "%1.%2")
		word = rsub(word, "[ˌˈ]", "")
		words[i] = word
	end
	-- There should be a syllable boundary between words.
	phonemic = table.concat(words, ".")
	return ulen(rsub(phonemic, "[^.]", "")) + 1
end

-- Take the last two syllables for the ryhme, unless the word has a single syllable
local function convert_phonemic_to_rhyme(phonemic)
	local syllables = rsplit(phonemic, "%.")
	local rh = ""
	if #syllables > 1 then
		rh = table.concat(syllables, ".", #syllables - 1, #syllables)
	else
		rh = phonemic
	end
	return rsub(rh, "^[^" .. vowel .. "]*", ""):gsub("%.", ""):gsub("͡", "")
end



local function split_syllabified_spelling(spelling)
	return rsplit(spelling, "%.")
end


-- "Align" syllabification to original spelling by matching character-by-character, allowing for extra syllable and
-- accent markers in the syllabification. If we encounter an extra syllable marker (.), we allow and keep it. If we
-- encounter an extra accent marker in the syllabification, we drop it. In any other case, we return nil indicating
-- the alignment failed.
local function align_syllabification_to_spelling(syllab, spelling)
	local result = {}
	local syll_chars = rsplit(decompose(syllab), "")
	local spelling_chars = rsplit(decompose(spelling), "")
	local i = 1
	local j = 1
	while i <= #syll_chars or j <= #spelling_chars do
		local ci = syll_chars[i]
		local cj = spelling_chars[j]
		if ci == cj then
			table.insert(result, ci)
			i = i + 1
			j = j + 1
		elseif ci == "." then
			table.insert(result, ci)
			i = i + 1
		elseif ci == AC or ci == GR or ci == CFLEX then
			-- skip character
			i = i + 1
		else
			-- non-matching character
			return nil
		end
	end
	if i <= #syll_chars or j <= #spelling_chars then
		-- left-over characters on one side or the other
		return nil
	end
	return unfc(table.concat(result))
end


local function generate_hyph_obj(term)
	return {syllabification = term, hyph = split_syllabified_spelling(term)}
end


-- Word should already be decomposed.
local function word_has_vowels(word)
	return rfind(word, V)
end


local function all_words_have_vowels(term)
	local words = rsplit(decompose(term), "[ %-]")
	for i, word in ipairs(words) do
		-- Allow empty word; this occurs with prefixes and suffixes.
		if word ~= "" and not word_has_vowels(word) then
			return false
		end
	end
	return true
end


local function should_generate_rhyme_from_respelling(term)
	local words = rsplit(decompose(term), " +")
	return #words == 1 and -- no if multiple words
		not words[1]:find(".%-.") and -- no if word is composed of hyphenated parts (e.g. [[Austria-Hungría]])
		not words[1]:find("%-$") and -- no if word is a prefix
		not (words[1]:find("^%-") and words[1]:find(CFLEX)) and -- no if word is an unstressed suffix
		word_has_vowels(words[1]) -- no if word has no vowels (e.g. a single letter)
end


local function should_generate_rhyme_from_ipa(ipa)
	return not ipa:find("%s") and word_has_vowels(decompose(ipa))
end


local function dodialect_specified_rhymes(rhymes, hyphs, parsed_respellings, rhyme_ret, dialect)
	rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect] = {}
	for _, rhyme in ipairs(rhymes) do
		local num_syl = rhyme.num_syl
		local no_num_syl = false

		-- If user explicitly gave the rhyme but didn't explicitly specify the number of syllables, try to take it from
		-- the hyphenation.
		if not num_syl then
			num_syl = {}
			for _, hyph in ipairs(hyphs) do
				if should_generate_rhyme_from_respelling(hyph.syllabification) then
					local this_num_syl = 1 + ulen(rsub(hyph.syllabification, "[^.]", ""))
					m_table.insertIfNot(num_syl, this_num_syl)
				else
					no_num_syl = true
					break
				end
			end
			if no_num_syl or #num_syl == 0 then
				num_syl = nil
			end
		end

		-- If that fails and term is single-word, try to take it from the phonemic.
		if not no_num_syl and not num_syl then
			for _, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do
				for dialect, pronun in pairs(parsed.pronun.pronun[dialect]) do
					-- Check that pronun.phonemic exists (it may not if raw phonetic-only pronun is given).
					if pronun.phonemic then
						if not should_generate_rhyme_from_ipa(pronun.phonemic) then
							no_num_syl = true
							break
						end
						-- Count number of syllables by looking at syllable boundaries (including stress marks).
						local this_num_syl = get_num_syl_from_phonemic(pronun.phonemic)
						m_table.insertIfNot(num_syl, this_num_syl)
					end
				end
				if no_num_syl then
					break
				end
			end
			if no_num_syl or #num_syl == 0 then
				num_syl = nil
			end
		end

		table.insert(rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect], {
			rhyme = rhyme.rhyme,
			num_syl = num_syl,
			qualifiers = rhyme.qualifiers,
			differences = construct_default_differences(dialect),
		})
	end
end


local function parse_pron_modifier(arg, put, parse_err, generate_obj, param_mods, no_split_on_comma)
	local retval = {}

	if arg:find("<") then
		if not put then
			put = require(put_module)
		end

		local function get_valid_prefixes()
			local valid_prefixes = {}
			for param_mod, _ in pairs(param_mods) do
				table.insert(valid_prefixes, param_mod)
			end
			table.insert(valid_prefixes, "q")
			table.insert(valid_prefixes, "qq")
			table.insert(valid_prefixes, "a")
			table.insert(valid_prefixes, "aa")
			table.sort(valid_prefixes)
			return valid_prefixes
		end

		local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(arg, "<", ">")
		local comma_separated_groups =
			no_split_on_comma and {segments} or put.split_alternating_runs_on_comma(segments)
		for _, group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do
			local obj = generate_obj(group[1])
			for j = 2, #group - 1, 2 do
				if group[j + 1] ~= "" then
					parse_err("Extraneous text '" .. group[j + 1] .. "' after modifier")
				end
				local modtext = group[j]:match("^<(.*)>$")
				if not modtext then
					parse_err("Internal error: Modifier '" .. group[j] .. "' isn't surrounded by angle brackets")
				end
				local prefix, val = modtext:match("^([a-z]+):(.*)$")
				if not prefix then
					local valid_prefixes = get_valid_prefixes()
					for i, valid_prefix in ipairs(valid_prefixes) do
						valid_prefixes[i] = "'" .. valid_prefix .. ":'"
					end
					parse_err("Modifier " .. group[j] .. " lacks a prefix, should begin with one of " ..
						m_table.serialCommaJoin(valid_prefixes))
				end
				if prefix == "q" or prefix == "qq" or prefix == "a" or prefix == "aa" then
					if not obj[prefix] then
						obj[prefix] = {}
					end
					table.insert(obj[prefix], val)
				elseif param_mods[prefix] then
					local key = param_mods[prefix].item_dest or prefix
					if obj[key] then
						parse_err("Modifier '" .. prefix .. "' specified more than once")
					end
					local convert = param_mods[prefix].convert
					if convert then
						obj[key] = convert(val)
					else
						obj[key] = val
					end
				else
					local valid_prefixes = get_valid_prefixes()
					for i, valid_prefix in ipairs(valid_prefixes) do
						valid_prefixes[i] = "'" .. valid_prefix .. "'"
					end
					parse_err("Unrecognized prefix '" .. prefix .. "' in modifier " .. group[j]
						.. ", should be " .. m_table.serialCommaJoin(valid_prefixes))
				end
			end
			table.insert(retval, obj)
		end
	elseif no_split_on_comma then
		table.insert(retval, generate_obj(arg))
	else
		for _, term in ipairs(split_on_comma(arg)) do
			table.insert(retval, generate_obj(term))
		end
	end

	return retval
end


local function parse_rhyme(arg, put, parse_err)
	local function generate_obj(term)
		return {rhyme = term}
	end
	local param_mods = {
		s = {
			item_dest = "num_syl",
			convert = function(arg)
				local nsyls = rsplit(arg, ",")
				for i, nsyl in ipairs(nsyls) do
					if not nsyl:find("^[0-9]+$") then
						parse_err("Number of syllables '" .. nsyl .. "' should be numeric")
					end
					nsyls[i] = tonumber(nsyl)
				end
				return nsyls
			end,
		},
	}

	return parse_pron_modifier(arg, put, parse_err, generate_obj, param_mods)
end


local function parse_hyph(arg, put, parse_err)
	-- None other than qualifiers
	local param_mods = {}

	return parse_pron_modifier(arg, put, parse_err, generate_hyph_obj, param_mods)
end


local function parse_homophone(arg, put, parse_err)
	local function generate_obj(term)
		return {term = term}
	end
	local param_mods = {
		t = {
			-- We need to store the <t:...> inline modifier into the "gloss" key of the parsed term,
			-- because that is what [[Module:links]] (called from [[Module:homophones]]) expects.
			item_dest = "gloss",
		},
		gloss = {},
		pos = {},
		alt = {},
		lit = {},
		id = {},
		g = {
			-- We need to store the <g:...> inline modifier into the "genders" key of the parsed term,
			-- because that is what [[Module:links]] (called from [[Module:homophones]]) expects.
			item_dest = "genders",
			convert = function(arg)
				return rsplit(arg, ",")
			end,
		},
	}

	return parse_pron_modifier(arg, put, parse_err, generate_obj, param_mods)
end


local function generate_audio_obj(arg)
	local file, gloss
	if arg:find("#") then
		file, gloss = arg:match("^(.-)%s*#%s*(.*)$")
	else
		file, gloss = arg:match("^(.-)%s*;%s*(.*)$")
	end
	file = file or arg
	return {file = file, gloss = gloss}
end


local function parse_audio(arg, put, parse_err)
	-- None other than qualifiers
	local param_mods = {}

	-- Don't split on comma because some filenames have embedded commas not followed by a space
	-- (typically followed by an underscore).
	return parse_pron_modifier(arg, put, parse_err, generate_audio_obj, param_mods, "no split on comma")
end


-- External entry point for {{es-pr}}.
function export.show_pr(frame)
	local params = {
		[1] = {list = true},
		["rhyme"] = {},
		["hyph"] = {},
		["hmp"] = {},
		["audio"] = {list = true},
		["pagename"] = {},
	}
	local parargs = frame:getParent().args
	local args = require("Module:parameters").process(parargs, params)
	local pagename = args.pagename or mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText

	-- Parse the arguments.
	local function remove_technical_chars(text)
		return rsub(text, "([JN])", "")
	end
	local respellings = #args[1] > 0 and args[1] or {"+"}
	local parsed_respellings = {}
	local function overall_parse_err(msg, arg, val)
		error(msg .. ": " .. arg .. "= " .. val)
	end
	local overall_rhyme = args.rhyme and
		parse_rhyme(args.rhyme, nil, function(msg) overall_parse_err(msg, "rhyme", args.rhyme) end) or nil
	local overall_hyph = args.hyph and
		parse_hyph(args.hyph, nil, function(msg) overall_parse_err(msg, "hyph", args.hyph) end) or nil
	local overall_hmp = args.hmp and
		parse_homophone(args.hmp, nil, function(msg) overall_parse_err(msg, "hmp", args.hmp) end) or nil
	local overall_audio
	if args.audio then
		overall_audio = {}
		for _, audio in ipairs(args.audio) do
			local parsed_audio = parse_audio(audio, nil, function(msg) overall_parse_err(msg, "audio", audio) end)
			if #parsed_audio > 1 then
				error("Internal error: Saw more than one object returned from parse_audio")
			end
			table.insert(overall_audio, parsed_audio[1])
		end
	end
	local put

	for i, respelling in ipairs(respellings) do
		local function parse_err(msg)
			error(msg .. ": " .. i .. "= " .. respelling)
		end
		if respelling:find("<") then
			if not put then
				put = require(put_module)
			end

			local param_mods = {
				pre = {},
				post = {},
				style = {},
				bullets = {
					convert = function(arg)
						if not arg:find("^[0-9]+$") then
							parse_err("Modifier 'bullets' should have a number as argument, but saw '" .. arg .. "'")
						end
						return tonumber(arg)
					end,
				},
				rhyme = {
					insert = true,
					flatten = true,
					convert = function(arg) return parse_rhyme(arg, put, parse_err) end,
				},
				hyph = {
					insert = true,
					flatten = true,
					convert = function(arg) return parse_hyph(arg, put, parse_err) end,
				},
				hmp = {
					insert = true,
					flatten = true,
					convert = function(arg) return parse_homophone(arg, put, parse_err) end,
				},
				audio = {
					insert = true,
					flatten = true,
					convert = function(arg) return parse_audio(arg, put, parse_err) end,
				},
			}

			local function get_valid_prefixes()
				local valid_prefixes = {}
				for param_mod, _ in pairs(param_mods) do
					table.insert(valid_prefixes, param_mod)
				end
				table.insert(valid_prefixes, "ref")
				table.insert(valid_prefixes, "q")
				table.insert(valid_prefixes, "qq")
				table.insert(valid_prefixes, "a")
				table.insert(valid_prefixes, "aa")
				table.sort(valid_prefixes)
				return valid_prefixes
			end

			local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(respelling, "<", ">")
			local comma_separated_groups = put.split_alternating_runs_on_comma(segments, ",")
			local parsed = {terms = {}, audio = {}, rhyme = {}, hyph = {}, hmp = {}}
			for j, group in ipairs(comma_separated_groups) do
				local termobj = parse_respelling(group[1], pagename, parse_err)
				for k = 2, #group - 1, 2 do
					if group[k + 1] ~= "" then
						parse_err("Extraneous text '" .. group[k + 1] .. "' after modifier")
					end
					local modtext = group[k]:match("^<(.*)>$")
					if not modtext then
						parse_err("Internal error: Modifier '" .. group[k] .. "' isn't surrounded by angle brackets")
					end
					local prefix, arg = modtext:match("^([a-z]+):(.*)$")
					if not prefix then
						local valid_prefixes = get_valid_prefixes()
						for i, valid_prefix in ipairs(valid_prefixes) do
							valid_prefixes[i] = "'" .. valid_prefix .. ":'"
						end
						parse_err("Modifier " .. group[k] .. " lacks a prefix, should begin with one of " ..
							m_table.serialCommaJoin(valid_prefixes))
					end
					if prefix == "ref" or prefix == "q" or prefix == "qq" or prefix == "a" or prefix == "aa" then
						if not termobj[prefix] then
							termobj[prefix] = {}
						end
						table.insert(termobj[prefix], arg)
					elseif param_mods[prefix] then
						if j < #comma_separated_groups then
							parse_err("Modifier '" .. prefix .. "' should occur after the last comma-separated term")
						end
						if not param_mods[prefix].insert and parsed[prefix] then
							parse_err("Modifier '" .. prefix .. "' occurs twice, second occurrence " .. group[k])
						end
						local converted
						if param_mods[prefix].convert then
							converted = param_mods[prefix].convert(arg)
						else
							converted = arg
						end
						if param_mods[prefix].insert then
							if param_mods[prefix].flatten then
								for _, obj in ipairs(converted) do
									table.insert(parsed[prefix], obj)
								end
							else
								table.insert(parsed[prefix], converted)
							end
						else
							parsed[prefix] = converted
						end
					else
						local valid_prefixes = get_valid_prefixes()
						for i, valid_prefix in ipairs(valid_prefixes) do
							valid_prefixes[i] = "'" .. valid_prefix .. "'"
						end
						parse_err("Unrecognized prefix '" .. prefix .. "' in modifier " .. group[k]
							.. ", should be " .. m_table.serialCommaJoin(valid_prefixes))
					end
				end
				table.insert(parsed.terms, termobj)
			end
			if not parsed.bullets then
				parsed.bullets = 1
			end
			table.insert(parsed_respellings, parsed)
		else
			local termobjs = {}
			for _, term in ipairs(split_on_comma(respelling)) do
				table.insert(termobjs, parse_respelling(term, pagename, parse_err))
			end
			table.insert(parsed_respellings, {
				terms = termobjs,
				audio = {},
				rhyme = {},
				hyph = {},
				hmp = {},
				bullets = 1,
			})
		end
	end

	if overall_hyph then
		local hyphs = {}
		for _, hyph in ipairs(overall_hyph) do
			if hyph.syllabification == "+" then
				hyph.syllabification = syllabify_from_spelling(pagename)
				hyph.hyph = split_syllabified_spelling(hyph.syllabification)
			elseif hyph.syllabification == "-" then
				overall_hyph = {}
				break
			end
		end
	end

	-- Loop over individual respellings, processing each.
	for _, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do
		parsed.pronun = generate_pronun(parsed)
		local no_auto_rhyme = false
		for _, term in ipairs(parsed.terms) do
			if term.raw then
				if not should_generate_rhyme_from_ipa(term.raw_phonemic or term.raw_phonetic) then
					no_auto_rhyme = true
					break
				end
			elseif not should_generate_rhyme_from_respelling(term.term) then
				no_auto_rhyme = true
				break
			end
		end

		if #parsed.hyph == 0 then
			if not overall_hyph and all_words_have_vowels(pagename) then
				for _, term in ipairs(parsed.terms) do
					if not term.raw then
						local syllabification = syllabify_from_spelling(term.term)
						local aligned_syll = align_syllabification_to_spelling(syllabification, pagename)
						if aligned_syll then
							m_table.insertIfNot(parsed.hyph, generate_hyph_obj(aligned_syll))
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			for _, hyph in ipairs(parsed.hyph) do
				if hyph.syllabification == "+" then
					hyph.syllabification = syllabify_from_spelling(pagename)
					hyph.hyph = split_syllabified_spelling(hyph.syllabification)
				elseif hyph.syllabification == "-" then
					parsed.hyph = {}
					break
				end
			end
		end

		-- Generate the rhymes.
		local function dodialect_rhymes_from_pronun(rhyme_ret, dialect)
			rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect] = {}
			-- It's possible the pronunciation for a passed-in dialect was never generated. This happens e.g. with
			-- {{es-pr|cebolla<style:seseo>}}. The initial call to generate_pronun() fails to generate a pronunciation
			-- for the dialect 'distinction-yeismo' because the pronunciation of 'cebolla' differs between distincion
			-- and seseo and so the seseo style restriction rules out generation of pronunciation for distincion
			-- dialects (other than 'gipuzkoan', which always gets generated so as to determine on which axes
			-- the dialects differ). However, when generating the rhyme, it is based only on -olla, whose pronunciation
			-- does not differ between distincion and seseo, but does differ between lleismo and yeismo, so it needs to
			-- generate a yeismo-specific rhyme, and 'distincion-yeismo' is the representative dialect for yeismo in the
			-- situation where distincion and seseo do not have distinct results (based on the following line in
			-- express_all_styles()):
			--   express_style(false, "most of Spain and Latin America", "distincion-yeismo", "distincion-seseo-yeismo")
			-- In this case we need to generate the missing overall pronunciation ourselves since we need it to generate
			-- the dialect-specific rhyme pronunciation.
			if not parsed.pronun.pronun[dialect] then
				dodialect_pronun(parsed, parsed.pronun, dialect)
			end
			for _, pronun in ipairs(parsed.pronun.pronun[dialect]) do
				-- We should have already excluded multiword terms and terms without vowels from rhyme generation (see
				-- `no_auto_rhyme` below). But make sure to check that pronun.phonemic exists (it may not if raw
				-- phonetic-only pronun is given).
				if pronun.phonemic then
					-- Count number of syllables by looking at syllable boundaries (including stress marks).
					local num_syl = get_num_syl_from_phonemic(pronun.phonemic)
					-- Get the rhyme by truncating everything up through the last stress mark + any following
					-- consonants, and remove syllable boundary markers.
					local rhyme = convert_phonemic_to_rhyme(pronun.phonemic)
					local saw_already = false
					for _, existing in ipairs(rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect]) do
						if existing.rhyme == rhyme then
							saw_already = true
							-- We already saw this rhyme but possibly with a different number of syllables,
							-- e.g. if the user specified two pronunciations 'biología' (4 syllables) and
							-- 'bi.ología' (5 syllables), both of which have the same rhyme /ia/.
							m_table.insertIfNot(existing.num_syl, num_syl)
							break
						end
					end
					if not saw_already then
						local rh2 = rsub(rhyme, "ts̻", "")
						local rhyme_diffs = nil
						if dialect == "gipuzkoan" then
							rhyme_diffs = {}
							if rfind(rh2,"s̻") then
								rhyme_diffs.need_bisc = true
							end
							if rfind(rhyme,"ts̺") then
								rhyme_diffs.need_bisc = true
							end
							if rfind(rhyme,"J") then
								rhyme_diffs.j_different = true
							end
							if rfind(rhyme,"N") then
								rhyme_diffs.northern_different = true
							end
						end
						table.insert(rhyme_ret.pronun[dialect], {
							rhyme = remove_technical_chars(rhyme),
							num_syl = {num_syl},
							differences = rhyme_diffs,
						})
					end
				end
			end
		end

		if #parsed.rhyme == 0 then
			if overall_rhyme or no_auto_rhyme then
				parsed.rhyme = nil
			else
				parsed.rhyme = express_all_styles(parsed.style, dodialect_rhymes_from_pronun)
			end
		else
			local no_rhyme = false
			for _, rhyme in ipairs(parsed.rhyme) do
				if rhyme.rhyme == "-" then
					no_rhyme = true
					break
				end
			end
			if no_rhyme then
				parsed.rhyme = nil
			else
				local function this_dodialect(rhyme_ret, dialect)
					return dodialect_specified_rhymes(parsed.rhyme, parsed.hyph, {parsed}, rhyme_ret, dialect)
				end
				parsed.rhyme = express_all_styles(parsed.style, this_dodialect)
			end
		end
	end

	if overall_rhyme then
		local no_overall_rhyme = false
		for _, orhyme in ipairs(overall_rhyme) do
			if orhyme.rhyme == "-" then
				no_overall_rhyme = true
				break
			end
		end
		if no_overall_rhyme then
			overall_rhyme = nil
		else
			local all_hyphs
			if overall_hyph then
				all_hyphs = overall_hyph
			else
				all_hyphs = {}
				for _, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do
					for _, hyph in ipairs(parsed.hyph) do
						m_table.insertIfNot(all_hyphs, hyph)
					end
				end
			end
			local function dodialect_overall_rhyme(rhyme_ret, dialect)
				return dodialect_specified_rhymes(overall_rhyme, all_hyphs, parsed_respellings, rhyme_ret, dialect)
			end
			overall_rhyme = express_all_styles(parsed.style, dodialect_overall_rhyme)
		end
	end

	-- If all sets of pronunciations have the same rhymes, display them only once at the bottom.
	-- Otherwise, display rhymes beneath each set, indented.
	local first_rhyme_ret
	local all_rhyme_sets_eq = true
	for j, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do
		if j == 1 then
			first_rhyme_ret = parsed.rhyme
		elseif not m_table.deepEquals(first_rhyme_ret, parsed.rhyme) then
			all_rhyme_sets_eq = false
			break
		end
	end

	local function format_rhyme(rhyme_ret, num_bullets)
		local function format_rhyme_style(tag, expressed_style, is_first)
			local pronunciations = {}
			local rhymes = {}
			for _, pronun in ipairs(expressed_style.pronun) do
				table.insert(rhymes, pronun)
			end
			local data = {
				lang = lang,
				rhymes = rhymes,
				qualifiers = tag and {tag} or nil,
				force_cat = force_cat,
			}
			local bullet = string.rep("*", num_bullets) .. " "
			local formatted = bullet .. require("Module:rhymes").format_rhymes(data)
			local formatted_for_len_parts = {}
			table.insert(formatted_for_len_parts, bullet .. "Rhymes: " .. (tag and "(" .. tag .. ") " or ""))
			for j, pronun in ipairs(expressed_style.pronun) do
				if j > 1 then
					table.insert(formatted_for_len_parts, ", ")
				end
				if pronun.qualifiers then
					table.insert(formatted_for_len_parts, "(" .. table.concat(pronun.qualifiers, ", ") .. ") ")
				end
				table.insert(formatted_for_len_parts, "-" .. pronun.rhyme)
			end
			return formatted, textual_len(table.concat(formatted_for_len_parts))
		end

		return format_all_styles(rhyme_ret.expressed_styles, format_rhyme_style)
	end

	-- If all sets of pronunciations have the same hyphenations, display them only once at the bottom.
	-- Otherwise, display hyphenations beneath each set, indented.
	local first_hyphs
	local all_hyph_sets_eq = true
	for j, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do
		if j == 1 then
			first_hyphs = parsed.hyph
		elseif not m_table.deepEquals(first_hyphs, parsed.hyph) then
			all_hyph_sets_eq = false
			break
		end
	end

	local function format_hyphenations(hyphs, num_bullets)
		local hyphtext = require("Module:hyphenation").format_hyphenations { lang = lang, hyphs = hyphs}
		return string.rep("*", num_bullets) .. " " .. hyphtext
	end

	-- If all sets of pronunciations have the same homophones, display them only once at the bottom.
	-- Otherwise, display homophones beneath each set, indented.
	local first_hmps
	local all_hmp_sets_eq = true
	for j, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do
		if j == 1 then
			first_hmps = parsed.hmp
		elseif not m_table.deepEquals(first_hmps, parsed.hmp) then
			all_hmp_sets_eq = false
			break
		end
	end

	local function format_homophones(hmps, num_bullets)
		local hmptext = require("Module:homophones").format_homophones { lang = lang, homophones = hmps }
		return string.rep("*", num_bullets) .. " " .. hmptext
	end

	local function format_audio(audios, num_bullets)
		local ret = {}
		for i, audio in ipairs(audios) do
			local text = require("Module:audio").format_audio {
				lang = lang,
				file = audio.file,
				caption = audio.gloss,
				q = audio.q,
				qq = audio.qq,
				a = audio.a,
				aa = audio.aa,
			}
			table.insert(ret, string.rep("*", num_bullets) .. " " .. text)
		end
		return table.concat(ret, "\n")
	end

	local textparts = {}
	local min_num_bullets = 9999
	for j, parsed in ipairs(parsed_respellings) do
		if parsed.bullets < min_num_bullets then
			min_num_bullets = parsed.bullets
		end
		if j > 1 then
			table.insert(textparts, "\n")
		end
		table.insert(textparts, parsed.pronun.text)
		if #parsed.audio > 0 then
			table.insert(textparts, "\n")
			-- If only one pronunciation set, add the audio with the same number of bullets, otherwise
			-- indent audio by one more bullet.
			table.insert(textparts, format_audio(parsed.audio,
				#parsed_respellings == 1 and parsed.bullets or parsed.bullets + 1))
		end
		if not all_rhyme_sets_eq and parsed.rhyme then
			table.insert(textparts, "\n")
			table.insert(textparts, format_rhyme(parsed.rhyme, parsed.bullets + 1))
		end
		if not all_hyph_sets_eq and #parsed.hyph > 0 then
			table.insert(textparts, "\n")
			table.insert(textparts, format_hyphenations(parsed.hyph, parsed.bullets + 1))
		end
		if not all_hmp_sets_eq and #parsed.hmp > 0 then
			table.insert(textparts, "\n")
			table.insert(textparts, format_homophones(parsed.hmp, parsed.bullets + 1))
		end
	end
	if overall_audio and #overall_audio > 0 then
		table.insert(textparts, "\n")
		table.insert(textparts, format_audio(overall_audio, min_num_bullets))
	end
	if all_rhyme_sets_eq and first_rhyme_ret then
		table.insert(textparts, "\n")
		table.insert(textparts, format_rhyme(first_rhyme_ret, min_num_bullets))
	end
	if overall_rhyme then
		table.insert(textparts, "\n")
		table.insert(textparts, format_rhyme(overall_rhyme, min_num_bullets))
	end
	if all_hyph_sets_eq and #first_hyphs > 0 then
		table.insert(textparts, "\n")
		table.insert(textparts, format_hyphenations(first_hyphs, min_num_bullets))
	end
	if overall_hyph and #overall_hyph > 0 then
		table.insert(textparts, "\n")
		table.insert(textparts, format_hyphenations(overall_hyph, min_num_bullets))
	end
	if all_hmp_sets_eq and #first_hmps > 0 then
		table.insert(textparts, "\n")
		table.insert(textparts, format_homophones(first_hmps, min_num_bullets))
	end
	if overall_hmp and #overall_hmp > 0 then
		table.insert(textparts, "\n")
		table.insert(textparts, format_homophones(overall_hmp, min_num_bullets))
	end

	return table.concat(textparts)
end

return export