Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kalzōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly derived from an unattested noun *kalzaz, cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *galsas (“voice”), from a hypothetical Proto-Indo-European *golsos, from a root *gel(H)- (“to vocalize, call, shout”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑl.zɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kalzōną

1. to call, shout

Inflection

Conjugation of *kalzōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kalzō	*kalzǭ	—	*kalzōi	?
2nd singular	*kalzōsi	*kalzōs	*kalzō	*kalzōsai	*kalzōsau
3rd singular	*kalzōþi	*kalzō	*kalzōþau	*kalzōþai	*kalzōþau
1st dual	*kalzōs	*kalzōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*kalzōþiz	*kalzōþiz	*kalzōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*kalzōmaz	*kalzōm	—	*kalzōnþai	*kalzōnþau
2nd plural	*kalzōþ	*kalzōþ	*kalzōþ	*kalzōnþai	*kalzōnþau
3rd plural	*kalzōnþi	*kalzōn	*kalzōnþau	*kalzōnþai	*kalzōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*kalzōdǭ	*kalzōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*kalzōdēz	*kalzōdēdīz
3rd singular	*kalzōdē	*kalzōdēdī
1st dual	*kalzōdēdū	*kalzōdēdīw
2nd dual	*kalzōdēdudiz	*kalzōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*kalzōdēdum	*kalzōdēdīm
2nd plural	*kalzōdēdud	*kalzōdēdīd
3rd plural	*kalzōdēdun	*kalzōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*kalzōndz	*kalzōdaz

Related terms

• *kalsōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kalʀōn
  • Old English: ceallian
    • Middle English: callen, kallen
      • Scots: call, caw
      • English: call
  • ⇒ Old Frisian: kaltia
  • >? Old Frisian: kella
  • Old Saxon: *kallōn
    • Middle Low German: kallen
      • Low German: kallen
  • Old Dutch: *kallon
    • Middle Dutch: callen
      • Dutch: kallen
      • Limburgish: kalle
  • Old High German: kallōn
    • Middle High German: kallen
      • Bavarian:
        • Cimbrian: khallan
      • Central Franconian: kalle
      • German: kallen (obsolete)
• Old Norse: kalla
  • Icelandic: kalla
  • Faroese: kalla
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: kalla, kalle
  • Old Swedish: kalla
    • Swedish: kalla
  • Elfdalian: kolla
  • Danish: kalde