Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tugōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dewk- (“to pull, lead”). Either a variant of *tukkōną or from *tugiz (“a drawing, tug, pull”) +‎ *-ōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtu.ɣɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*tugōną

1. to pull, tow

Inflection

Conjugation of *tugōną (weak class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tugō	*tugǭ	—	*tugōi	?
2nd singular	*tugōsi	*tugōs	*tugō	*tugōsai	*tugōsau
3rd singular	*tugōþi	*tugō	*tugōþau	*tugōþai	*tugōþau
1st dual	*tugōs	*tugōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*tugōþiz	*tugōþiz	*tugōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*tugōmaz	*tugōm	—	*tugōnþai	*tugōnþau
2nd plural	*tugōþ	*tugōþ	*tugōþ	*tugōnþai	*tugōnþau
3rd plural	*tugōnþi	*tugōn	*tugōnþau	*tugōnþai	*tugōnþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*tugōdǭ	*tugōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*tugōdēz	*tugōdēdīz
3rd singular	*tugōdē	*tugōdēdī
1st dual	*tugōdēdū	*tugōdēdīw
2nd dual	*tugōdēdudiz	*tugōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*tugōdēdum	*tugōdēdīm
2nd plural	*tugōdēdud	*tugōdēdīd
3rd plural	*tugōdēdun	*tugōdēdīn
	present	past
participles	*tugōndz	*tugōdaz

Related terms

• *teuhaną
• *biteuhaną
• *tukkōną
• *tugnaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *togōn
  • Old English: togian
    • Middle English: toȝen, towen
      • English: tow
      • Scots: tow, toll, togh
    • Middle English: tuggen, toggen (alternatively from Old Norse toga)
      • English: tug
      • Scots: tug
      • ⇒ Yola: thugerleen
  • Old Frisian: togia
    • Saterland Frisian: toogje
    • West Frisian: tôgje, toaie
  • Old Saxon: *togōn
    • Middle Low German: tōgen, tȫgen, tāgen, tēgen
      • ⇒ German Low German: tagen (past participle)
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: togeren, tȫgeren
        • German Low German: tögern
  • Old Dutch: *togon
    • Middle Dutch: tōgen
      • Dutch: togen, teugen (archaic or obsolete)
        • ⇒ Dutch: ademtogen
        • ⇒ Dutch: zieltogen
  • Old High German: zogōn
    • Middle High German: zogen, schogen
      • German: zogen (archaic or obsolete)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: zogeren
        • German: zögern
  • → Old French: touer
    • Middle French: touer
      • French: touer
• Old Norse: toga
  • Icelandic: toga
  • Faroese: toga