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castigo

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: castigó and castigò

Asturian

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Verb

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castigo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

Catalan

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Verb

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castigo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

Galician

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Verb

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castigo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

Italian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kaˈsti.ɡo/
  • Rhymes: -iɡo
  • Hyphenation: ca‧stì‧go

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Latin castīgō.

Noun

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castigo m (plural castighi)

  1. punishment
    Synonym: punizione
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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castigo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castigare

Latin

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Etymology

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From an unattested noun *castis (“purity, virtue”) +‎ -igō (“act, make”), the latter a suffixal form of agō. The noun *castis is thought to be formed from careō (“I lack”) + *-tis; the same root is found in castus (“chaste”). For the ending, compare fūstīgō and fatīgō, the formations of which also involve ti-derivations.[1]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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castīgō (present infinitive castīgāre, perfect active castīgāvī, supine castīgātum); first conjugation

  1. to castigate, chastise, reprove
    Synonyms: increpō, accūsō, corripiō, exprobrō, incūsō, obloquor, arripiō, pulsō, reprehendō, animadvertō
  2. to punish
    Synonyms: multō, pūniō, expiō, obiūrgō, animadvertō, mulctō, moneō, plēctō, ulcīscor, exsequor
    Qui bene amat, bene castigat.
    He, who loves well, castigates well (lit. Spare the rod and spoil the child.)
    • c. 45 BCE, Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 3.64:
      Pueros vero matres et magistri castigare etiam solent, nec verbis solum, sed etiam verberibus. Si quid in domestico luctu hilarius ab is factum est aut dictum, plorare cogunt. Quid?
      Mothers and teachers are used to chastise children not only with words, but also with hits of the rod. If the children do or say something rather "cheerful" in a small argument, they make them cry. Why?
  3. to rebuke, reprimand
    Synonyms: obiūrgō, perstringō, arguō, īnsector, corripiō, accūsō, incūsō, damnō, obloquor, increpō, acclāmō, inclāmō, compellō, reprehendō, animadvertō
    • c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutiones 2.2.5:
      Plurimus ei de honesto ac bono sermo sit: nam quo saepius monuerit, hoc rarius castigabit.
      May his [the ideal rhetoric teacher's] discussion be very often about what is honourable, good: the more he reminds the student, the less he will reprimand the student.
  4. to correct, amend

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of castīgō (first conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present castīgō castīgās castīgat castīgāmus castīgātis castīgant
imperfect castīgābam castīgābās castīgābat castīgābāmus castīgābātis castīgābant
future castīgābō castīgābis castīgābit castīgābimus castīgābitis castīgābunt
perfect castīgāvī castīgāvistī castīgāvit castīgāvimus castīgāvistis castīgāvērunt,
castīgāvēre
pluperfect castīgāveram castīgāverās castīgāverat castīgāverāmus castīgāverātis castīgāverant
future perfect castīgāverō castīgāveris castīgāverit castīgāverimus castīgāveritis castīgāverint
passive present castīgor castīgāris,
castīgāre 		castīgātur castīgāmur castīgāminī castīgantur
imperfect castīgābar castīgābāris,
castīgābāre 		castīgābātur castīgābāmur castīgābāminī castīgābantur
future castīgābor castīgāberis,
castīgābere 		castīgābitur castīgābimur castīgābiminī castīgābuntur
perfect castīgātus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect castīgātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect castīgātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present castīgem castīgēs castīget castīgēmus castīgētis castīgent
imperfect castīgārem castīgārēs castīgāret castīgārēmus castīgārētis castīgārent
perfect castīgāverim castīgāverīs castīgāverit castīgāverīmus castīgāverītis castīgāverint
pluperfect castīgāvissem castīgāvissēs castīgāvisset castīgāvissēmus castīgāvissētis castīgāvissent
passive present castīger castīgēris,
castīgēre 		castīgētur castīgēmur castīgēminī castīgentur
imperfect castīgārer castīgārēris,
castīgārēre 		castīgārētur castīgārēmur castīgārēminī castīgārentur
perfect castīgātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect castīgātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — castīgā — — castīgāte —
future — castīgātō castīgātō — castīgātōte castīgantō
passive present — castīgāre — — castīgāminī —
future — castīgātor castīgātor — — castīgantor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives castīgāre castīgāvisse castīgātūrum esse castīgārī castīgātum esse castīgātum īrī
participles castīgāns — castīgātūrus — castīgātus castīgandus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
castīgandī castīgandō castīgandum castīgandō castīgātum castīgātū

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  • “castigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “castigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • castigo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • (ambiguous) a stern critic of morals: severus morum castigator
  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 93

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: cas‧ti‧go

Etymology 1

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Deverbal from castigar (“to punish”).

Noun

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castigo m (plural castigos)

  2. punishment (penalty to punish wrongdoing)
    Synonym: pena
    crime e castigo ― crime and punishment
  4. (figurative) something which causes suffering
  6. grounding (state of being confined by one’s parents, as punishment)
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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castigo

  2. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

Spanish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /kasˈtiɡo/ [kasˈt̪i.ɣ̞o]
  • Audio (Colombia):(file)
  • Rhymes: -iɡo
  • Syllabification: cas‧ti‧go

Etymology 1

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Deverbal from castigar, from Latin castigāre.

Noun

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castigo m (plural castigos)

  1. punishment
    Synonyms: pena, condena
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

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castigo

  1. first-person singular present indicative of castigar

Further reading

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