conjunction

See also: Conjunction

English

Etymology

From Old French conjonction, from Latin coniūnctiō (“joining”), from coniungere (“to join”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃən/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: con‧junc‧tion
• Rhymes: -ʌŋkʃən

Noun

Examples (grammar)
Bread, butter and cheese.

conjunction (countable and uncountable, plural conjunctions)

1. The act of joining, or condition of being joined.

   Synonyms: connection, union

   • 1871–1872, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XVIII, in Middlemarch […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book I:

     […] Dr. Minchin in return was quite sure that man was not a mere machine or a fortuitous conjunction of atoms; […]

   • 1896, Robert Louis Stevenson, Familiar Studies of Men and Books‎^[1]:

     About them all there is that sort of stiff quaint unreality, that conjunction of the grotesque, and even of a certain bourgeois snugness, with passionate contortion and horror, that is so characteristic of Gothic art.

2. (grammar) A word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences. The specific conjunction used shows how the two joined parts are related.
   • 1881, Alfred Ayres [pseudonym; Thomas Embly Osmun], The Verbalist‎^[2]:

     A comma is placed between short members of compound sentences, connected by and, but, for, nor, or, because, whereas, that expressing purpose (so that, in order that), and other conjunctions.

3. Cooccurrence; coincidence.
   • 1843, John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic‎^[3], volume 1:

     […] the coexistence of one such phenomenon with another; or the succession of one such phenomenon to another: their conjunction, in short, so that where the one is found, we may calculate on finding both.

4. (astronomy) The alignment of two bodies in the solar system such that they have the same longitude when seen from Earth.

   Antonym: opposition

   Hyponyms: grand conjunction, great conjunction, inferior conjunction, superior conjunction, topocentric conjunction

   • 2011, Starf*cker […] , Ev Cochrane, →ISBN, page 140:

     The spectacular conjunction of Venus and Mars gave rise to a myriad of mythical interpretations.

5. (astrology) An aspect in which planets are in close proximity to one another.
6. (logic) The proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the ∧ ($\land$) operator.

   Meronyms: conjunct, logical connective

   Coordinate term: disjunction

7. A place where multiple things meet
   • 2001, David L. Lieber, Jules Harlow, Etz Hayim: Torah and Commentary, page 47:

     Today there is a mountain called Ararat near the conjunction of the Turkish, Armenian, and Iranian borders.

8. (obsolete) Sexual intercourse.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:copulation

   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 29, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book I, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

     Certaine Nations (and amongst others, the Mahometane) abhorre Conjunction with women great with childe.

Derived terms

• conjunctional
• conjunction fallacy
• conjunctionless
• coordinating conjunction
• in conjunction with
• misconjunction
• subordinating conjunction

 

Related terms

• conjugate
• conjunctive → conjunctive normal form

 

Translations

act of joining or being joined

• Bulgarian: съедине́ние (bg) n (sǎedinénie), свъ́рзване (bg) n (svǎ́rzvane)
• Catalan: conjunció (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 結合／结合 (git³ hap⁶), 連接／连接 (lin⁴ zip³)

  Mandarin: 結合／结合 (zh) (jiéhé), 連接／连接 (zh) (liánjiē)

• Finnish: liittäminen (fi), yhdistäminen (fi)
• Galician: conxunción (gl) f
• German: Zusammenhang (de) m
• Greek: σύνδεση (el) f (sýndesi), σύζευξη (el) f (sýzefxi)
• Hungarian: egyesülés (hu), egyesítés (hu), összevonás (hu), összekapcsolás (hu), összekapcsolódás (hu), kapcsolódás (hu), kapcsolat (hu)
• Interlingua: conjunction (ia)
• Japanese: 結合 (ja) (せつごう, ketsugō), 接合 (ja) (せつごう, setsugō), 接続 (ja) (せつぞく, setsuzoku), 連接 (ja) (れんせつ, rensetsu)
• Korean: 결합(結合) (ko) (gyeolhap), 연접(連接) (yeonjeop)
• Macedonian: спој m (spoj), врска f (vrska)
• Malay: penggabungan
• Maltese: konġunzjoni (mt) f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: sammensetning (no) m

• Polish: łączenie (pl) n, połączenie (pl) n
• Portuguese: conjunção (pt) f
• Romanian: unire (ro) f, legare (ro) f, conjuncție (ro) f
• Russian: сою́з (ru) m (sojúz), связь (ru) f (svjazʹ)
• Spanish: conjunción (es) f, unión (es) f

grammar: word used to join words or phrases

• Albanian: lidhëz (sq) f
• Arabic: حَرْف عَطْف m (ḥarf ʕaṭf)
• Aragonese: conchunción f
• Armenian: շաղկապ (hy) (šaġkap)
• Asturian: conxunción (ast) f
• Azerbaijani: bağlayıcı (az)
• Bashkir: теркәүес (terkəwes)
• Belarusian: злу́чнік m (zlúčnik)
• Breton: stagell (br) f
• Bulgarian: съю́з (bg) m (sǎjúz)
• Burmese: သမ္ဗန္ဓ (my) (sambandha.)
• Catalan: conjunció (ca) f
• Chechen: хуттург (xutturg)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 連接詞／连接词 (lin⁴ zip³ ci⁴), 連詞／连词 (lin⁴ ci⁴)

  Mandarin: 連接詞／连接词 (zh) (liánjiēcí), 連詞／连词 (zh) (liáncí)

• Czech: spojka (cs) f
• Danish: bindeord (da) n, konjunktion (da) c
• Dutch: voegwoord (nl) n, conjunctie (nl) f
• Estonian: sidesõna
• Faroese: sambindingarorð n
• Finnish: konjunktio (fi), sidesana (fi)
• French: conjonction (fr) f
• Galician: conxunción (gl) f
• Georgian: კავშირი (ka) (ḳavširi)
• German: Konjunktion (de) f, Bindewort (de) n
• Greek: σύνδεσμος (el) m (sýndesmos)

  Ancient: σύνδεσμος m (súndesmos)

• Gujarati: please add this translation if you can
• Hebrew: מִלַּת קִשּׁוּר (he) f (milát kishúr)
• Hindi: समुच्चय (hi) m (samuccay)
• Hungarian: kötőszó (hu)
• Hunsrik: please add this translation if you can
• Icelandic: samtenging (is) f
• Ido: konjunciono (io)
• Indonesian: kata penghubung (id), konjungsi (id)
• Interlingua: conjunction (ia)
• Irish: cónasc (ga) m
• Italian: congiunzione (it) f
• Japanese: 接続詞 (ja) (せつぞくし, setsuzokushi)
• Kapampangan: panyuglung, panuglung, pangsuglung
• Kazakh: жалғаулық (jalğaulyq)
• Khmer: ឈ្នាប់ (km) (chnŏəp)
• Korean: 접속사(接續詞) (ko) (jeopsoksa)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} gihanek (ku)

• Kyrgyz: байламта (ky) (baylamta)
• Lao: ສັນທານ (san thān)
• Latin: conjunctio (la) f
• Latvian: saiklis (lv) m, konjunkcija f
• Lithuanian: jungtukas m
• Luxembourgish: Konjunktioun f
• Macedonian: сврзник m (svrznik)
• Malay: kata penghubung, kata hubung (ms)
• Malayalam: ഘടകം (ml) (ghaṭakaṁ)
• Maltese: konġunzjoni (mt) f
• Maori: kupu honohono, tūhono
• Middle English: coniunccion
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: холбоос үг (mn) (xolboos üg)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: konjunksjon (no) m, bindeord n

• Occitan: conjonccion f
• Pashto: تړتوری m (taṛtóray)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: حَرْفِ رَبْط (fa) (harf-e rabt)

• Polish: spójnik (pl) m inan
• Portuguese: conjunção (pt) f
• Romagnol: please add this translation if you can
• Romanian: conjuncție (ro) f
• Russian: сою́з (ru) m (sojúz)
• Scottish Gaelic: naisgear m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ве̑знӣк m

  Roman: vȇznīk (sh) m

• Sindhi: please add this translation if you can
• Slovak: spojka (sk) f
• Slovene: veznik (sl) m
• Somali: please add this translation if you can
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: konjunkcija f, zwěznik m

  Upper Sorbian: wjazawka f, konjunkcija f

• Spanish: conjunción (es) f
• Swahili: kiunganishi
• Swedish: konjunktion (sv) c, bindeord (sv) n
• Tagalog: pangatnig (tl), pangatnig (tl)
• Tajik: пайвандак (tg) (payvandak)
• Tatar: теркәгеч (tt) (terkägeç)
• Telugu: సంయోజకము (saṁyōjakamu)
• Thai: สันธาน (th) (sǎn-taan)
• Turkish: bağlaç (tr), rabıt (tr) (dated)
• Turkmen: baglanyşyk (tk)
• Ukrainian: сполу́чник m (spolúčnyk)
• Urdu: حَرْفِ عَطْف m (harf-i 'atf), حَرْفِ رَبْط m (harf-i rabt)
• Uyghur: باغلىغۇچى (baghlighuchi)
• Uzbek: bogʻlovchi (uz)
• Vietnamese: sự liên kết, liên từ (vi) (連詞)
• Volapük: konyun (vo)
• Walloon: aloyrece (wa) f (subordination), adjondrece (wa) f (coordination)
• Welsh: cysylltair m, cysylltiad (cy) m
• Xhosa: please add this translation if you can
• Yiddish: קאָניונקציע f (konyunktsye), פֿאַרבינדונג-וואָרט n (farbindung-vort)
• Yoruba: ọ̀rọ̀-àsopọ̀
• Zulu: please add this translation if you can

cooccurrence; coincidence — see also cooccurrence,‎ coincidence

• Hungarian: összejátszás (hu), összetalálkozás (hu)

astronomy: alignment of two bodies in the solar system such that they have the same longitude when seen from Earth

• Catalan: conjunció (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 會合／会合 (wui⁶ hap⁶)

  Mandarin: 會合／会合 (zh) (huìhé)

• Czech: konjunkce (cs)
• Finnish: konjunktio (fi)
• German: Konjunktion (de) f
• Greek: σύνοδος (el) f (sýnodos)

  Ancient: σύνοδος f (súnodos)

• Hungarian: együttállás (hu), konjunkció (hu)
• Indonesian: konjungsi (id)
• Interlingua: conjunction (ia)
• Irish: cónasc (ga) m
• Italian: congiunzione (it) f
• Japanese: 会合 (ja) (かいごう, kaigō), 合 (ja) (ごう, gō)
• Malay: ijtimak (ms), kesebarisan
• Maori: taiaputanga
• Nahuatl: metztli imiquiz (lunar conjunction)
• Polish: koniunkcja (pl) f
• Portuguese: conjunção (pt) f
• Romanian: conjuncție (ro) f
• Russian: конъю́нкция (ru) f (konʺjúnkcija)
• Spanish: conjunción (es) f
• Swedish: konjunktion (sv) c
• Turkish: içtima (tr) (dated), kavuşum (tr)
• Welsh: cysylltiad (cy) m

logic: proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the and operator

• Bulgarian: съедине́ние (bg) n (sǎedinénie)
• Czech: konjunkce (cs) f
• Esperanto: konjunkcio
• French: conjonction (fr) f
• German: Konjunktion (de) f
• Greek: σύζευξη (el) f (sýzefxi)
• Hungarian: konjunkció (hu), ÉS-művelet
• Icelandic: ogun f
• Indonesian: konjungsi (id)
• Interlingua: conjunction (ia)
• Japanese: 連接 (ja) (rensetsu)
• Macedonian: конјункција f (konjunkcija)
• Malay: konjungsi​
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: konjunksjon (no) m

• Polish: koniunkcja (pl) f
• Portuguese: conjunção (pt) f
• Romanian: conjuncție (ro) f
• Russian: конъю́нкция (ru) f (konʺjúnkcija)
• Swedish: konjunktion (sv) c

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Dutch: ^{(please verify)} koppelwoord
• Estonian: ^{(please verify)} konjunktsioon (et)
• Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} conjunction (ia)
• Latin: ^{(please verify)} coniunctio (la) f
• Lithuanian: ^{(please verify)} jungtukas m

See also

• disjunction

Further reading

• conjunction on Wikipedia.Wikipedia