dirigo

Italian

Alternative forms

• diriggo (misspelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diˈri.ɡo/, (regional) /diˈriɡ.ɡo/
• Rhymes: -iɡo, (regional) -iɡɡo
• Hyphenation: di‧rì‧go

Verb

dirigo

1. first-person singular present indicative of dirigere

Anagrams

• gridio, rigido, rigodi

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *dwizregō. Equivalent to dis- +‎ regō (“I rule, govern”).

For the meaning development compare with Russian напра́вить (naprávitʹ, “to direct, to turn, to aim, to level, to point”), отпра́вить (otprávitʹ, “to send, to dispatch, to forward”) connected with пра́вить (právitʹ, “to govern, to rule, to drive, to steer”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈdiː.ri.ɡoː/, [ˈd̪iːrɪɡoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈdi.ri.ɡo/, [ˈd̪iːriɡo]

Verb

dīrigō (present infinitive dīrigere, perfect active dīrēxī, supine dīrēctum); third conjugation

1. to lay straight; arrange in lines (especially in military contexts)
2. to direct to a place, guide, steer
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.466:

     dīriget in mediō quis mea vēla fretō?

     Who will guide my sails amidst the sea?

3. to distribute, scatter

Conjugation

   Conjugation of dīrigō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	dīrigō	dīrigis	dīrigit	dīrigimus	dīrigitis	dīrigunt
	imperfect	dīrigēbam	dīrigēbās	dīrigēbat	dīrigēbāmus	dīrigēbātis	dīrigēbant
	future	dīrigam	dīrigēs	dīriget	dīrigēmus	dīrigētis	dīrigent
	perfect	dīrēxī	dīrēxistī	dīrēxit	dīrēximus	dīrēxistis	dīrēxērunt, dīrēxēre
	pluperfect	dīrēxeram	dīrēxerās	dīrēxerat	dīrēxerāmus	dīrēxerātis	dīrēxerant
	future perfect	dīrēxerō	dīrēxeris	dīrēxerit	dīrēxerimus	dīrēxeritis	dīrēxerint
passive	present	dīrigor	dīrigeris, dīrigere	dīrigitur	dīrigimur	dīrigiminī	dīriguntur
	imperfect	dīrigēbar	dīrigēbāris, dīrigēbāre	dīrigēbātur	dīrigēbāmur	dīrigēbāminī	dīrigēbantur
	future	dīrigar	dīrigēris, dīrigēre	dīrigētur	dīrigēmur	dīrigēminī	dīrigentur
	perfect	dīrēctus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	dīrēctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	dīrēctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	dīrigam	dīrigās	dīrigat	dīrigāmus	dīrigātis	dīrigant
	imperfect	dīrigerem	dīrigerēs	dīrigeret	dīrigerēmus	dīrigerētis	dīrigerent
	perfect	dīrēxerim	dīrēxerīs	dīrēxerit	dīrēxerīmus	dīrēxerītis	dīrēxerint
	pluperfect	dīrēxissem	dīrēxissēs	dīrēxisset	dīrēxissēmus	dīrēxissētis	dīrēxissent
passive	present	dīrigar	dīrigāris, dīrigāre	dīrigātur	dīrigāmur	dīrigāminī	dīrigantur
	imperfect	dīrigerer	dīrigerēris, dīrigerēre	dīrigerētur	dīrigerēmur	dīrigerēminī	dīrigerentur
	perfect	dīrēctus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	dīrēctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	dīrige	—	—	dīrigite	—
	future	—	dīrigitō	dīrigitō	—	dīrigitōte	dīriguntō
passive	present	—	dīrigere	—	—	dīrigiminī	—
	future	—	dīrigitor	dīrigitor	—	—	dīriguntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		dīrigere	dīrēxisse	dīrēctūrum esse	dīrigī	dīrēctum esse	dīrēctum īrī
participles		dīrigēns	—	dīrēctūrus	—	dīrēctus	dīrigendus, dīrigundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		dīrigendī	dīrigendō	dīrigendum	dīrigendō	dīrēctum	dīrēctū

Descendants

Descendants

• Eastern Romance:
  • ⇒ Aromanian: ãndreg, ãndregu, ndreg, ndregu, andreg, andregu (prefixed)
  • Romanian: drege, dregere
• Italian: dirigere
  • Sicilian: dirìggiri
• Franco-Provençal: derdre
• Piedmontese: dirige
• Old Occitan: derdre, derzer
  • Occitan: derdre
    • Gascon: dérser
• Old Provençal: *adergar
  • ⇒ Catalan: adergar (prefixed)
• Old Galician-Portuguese:
  • ⇒ Portuguese: adergar, adregar (prefixed)
• Sicilian: dirìjiri
• → Albanian: dërgoj
• → Asturian: dirixir
• → Catalan: dirigir
• → Dutch: dirigeren
• → French: diriger
  • → Dutch: dirigeren
  • → Romanian: dirija
  • → Russian: дирижировать (dirižirovatʹ)
• → Galician: dirixir
• → German: dirigieren
• → Luxembourgish: dirigéieren
• → Norwegian: dirigere
• → Polish: dyrygować
• → Portuguese: dirigir
• → Romanian: dirigui
• → Spanish: dirigir
• → Old Irish: dírgid
  • Irish: dírigh

References

• “dirigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “dirigo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• dirigo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to journey towards a place: iter aliquo dirigere, intendere
    
  • to measure something by the standard of something else; to make something one's criterion: dirigere or referre aliquid ad aliquam rem
    
  • to set one's course for a place: cursum dirigere aliquo