gene
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From German Gen, from Ancient Greek γενεά (geneá, “generation, descent”), from the aorist infinitive of γίγνομαι (gígnomai, “I come into being”). Coined by Danish botanist Wilhelm Ludwig Johannsen in 1909, in a German-language publication, from the last syllable of pangene.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gene (plural genes)
- (genetics) A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color.
- Coordinate term: cistron
- 2013 June 21, Karen McVeigh, “US rules human genes can't be patented”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 2, page 10:
- The US supreme court has ruled unanimously that natural human genes cannot be patented, a decision that scientists and civil rights campaigners said removed a major barrier to patient care and medical innovation.
- (molecular biology) A segment of DNA or RNA from a cell's or an organism's genome, that may take several forms and thus parameterizes a phenomenon, in general the structure of a protein; locus.
- A change in a gene is reflected in the protein or RNA molecule that it codes for.
- 2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 7:
- A length of DNA is divided into segments called chromosomes and shorter individual units called genes.
Usage notes
[edit]In the simplest case and in principle, a gene locus is supposed to be the physical reality corresponding to the theoretical gene unit of heredity; in practice, things are far more complicated and confused, which is well known and acknowledged. However, these questions are the subject of still very active scientific research, as well as the topic of both scientific and philosophical questions, especially on the real compatibility between both senses of the term.
Derived terms
[edit]- algeny
- antigene
- aristogene
- atrogene
- cene
- cisgene
- control gene
- cream gene
- cytogene
- eigengene
- electrochemogene
- electrogene
- endogene
- gene-altered
- gene bank
- gene cassette
- genechip
- gene complex
- gene drive
- gene-engineered
- gene expression
- gene family
- gene flow
- geneflow
- gene frequency
- gene gun
- geneless
- genelet
- genelike
- gene-manipulated
- gene-modified
- gene-napper
- gene pool
- gene product
- generich
- geneset
- gene silencing
- gene-splicing
- gene splicing
- genet
- gene therapy
- genetic
- geneticist
- genetics
- gene transcription
- gene transfer
- gene trap
- genewise
- genic
- genism
- genome
- genometastasis
- genomics
- genotype
- gerontogene
- glycogene
- histocompatibility gene
- homeobox gene
- horizontal gene transfer
- hox gene
- immunogene
- intergene
- intragene
- jumping gene
- lateral gene transfer
- lethal gene
- marker gene
- metagene
- minigene
- morphogene
- multigene
- oligogene
- osmogene
- pharmacogene
- photogene
- polygene
- proxygene
- pseudogene
- retrogene
- selenogene
- selfish gene
- subgene
- suicide gene
- supergene
- toll gene
- transgene
- unigene
- virogene
- X-linked gene
Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Wilhelm Ludvig Johannsen (1909) Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre [Elements of exact heredity][1] (in German), Jena: Gustav Fischer, page 124: “Darum scheint es am einfachsten, aus Darwin's[sic] bekanntem Wort die uns allein interessierende letzte Silbe „Gen“ isoliert zu verwerten, um damit das schlechte, mehrdeutige Wort „Anlage“ zu ersetzen.”
Further reading
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]gene c (singular definite genen, plural indefinite gener)
- inconvenience, nuisance (something that bothers)
- Røgen fra skorstenen er til gene for naboerne.
- The smoke from the chimney is bothering the neighbours.
Declension
[edit]References
[edit]- “gene” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]gene
- inflection of geen:
Anagrams
[edit]Italian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]gene m (plural geni)
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
[edit]gene f pl
Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Dutch *gēn, from Proto-Germanic *jainaz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]gêne
Descendants
[edit]- Dutch: geen
Further reading
[edit]- “ghene (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “gene”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Portuguese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- Hyphenation: ge‧ne
Noun
[edit]gene m (plural genes)
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Romanian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Noun
[edit]gene f
- inflection of genă (“gene”):
Etymology 2
[edit]Noun
[edit]gene f
- inflection of geană (“eyelash”):
Spanish
[edit]Noun
[edit]gene m (plural genes)
Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Turkic *yana (“again”), from Proto-Turkic *yan- (“to return, turn back”).
Adverb
[edit]gene
- (colloquial) again
- Synonym: yine
Noun
[edit]gene
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-
- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English terms derived from Ancient Greek
- English terms coined by Wilhelm Ludwig Johannsen
- English coinages
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/iːn
- Rhymes:English/iːn/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Genetics
- English terms with quotations
- en:Molecular biology
- English terms with usage examples
- Danish terms derived from French
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Danish terms with usage examples
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/eːnə
- Rhymes:Dutch/eːnə/2 syllables
- Dutch non-lemma forms
- Dutch adjective forms
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛne
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛne/2 syllables
- Italian terms derived from German
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian masculine nouns
- it:Genetics
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian noun forms
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch determiners
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- pt:Genetics
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Romanian/ene
- Rhymes:Romanian/ene/2 syllables
- Romanian non-lemma forms
- Romanian noun forms
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:Genetics
- Turkish terms derived from Old Turkic
- Turkish terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish adverbs
- Turkish colloquialisms
- Turkish non-lemma forms
- Turkish noun forms