graben
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English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from German Graben (“ditch”), from the verb graben (“to dig”).
Noun
[edit]graben (plural grabens or graben)
- (geology) An elongated block of the Earth's crust, bounded by faults, that has dropped relative to the surrounding area.
- Antonym: horst
- Coordinate term: fault
- Hyponym: rift valley
- 1959, Robert G. Yates, George A. Thompson, Geology and Quicksilver Deposits of the Terlingua District, Texas, U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 312, page 49,
- The magnitude and shape of the large grabens strongly suggest that, when they formed, material much more mobile than ordinary rocks was present at a depth no greater than a few miles.
- 1969, V. V. Beloussov, “Contintal Rifts”, in Pembroke J. Hart, editor, The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle, page 539:
- This system includes the Syrian and Lebanese grabens; the grabens of the Dead Sea, Wadi al Arabah, Gulfs of Aqaba and Suez, Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden; and the Ethiopian graben.
- 1997, Jean-Marie Rouchy, 2: Paleogene Continental Rift System of Western Europe, Georges Busson, B. Charlotte Schreiber (editors), Sedimentary Deposition in Rift and Foreland Basins in France and Spain (Paleogene and Lower Neogene), page 83,
- Migration of the subsidence axis has been revealed by the detailed sedimentological studies in most of these grabens, particularly in the Bresse basin (Curial 1986; Moretto 1986/1987) and in Manosque-Forcalquier.
- 2015, C. F. Burgess, et al., Chapter 35: The Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of Lake Tanganyika: A Case Study of Continental Rifting, W. Manspeizer (editor), Triassic-Jurassic Rifting: Continental Breakup and the Origin of the Atlantic Ocean and Passive Margins, Part A, page 866,
- These distinct zones of strike-slip or scissor faulting which separate adjacent half-grabens were termed interbasinal ridges and hinged highs by Rosendahl et al. (1986).
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]elongated block of the Earth's crust that has dropped relative to the surrounding blocks
Further reading
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German graben, from Old High German graban, from Proto-West Germanic *graban. Cognate with English grave (“to dig”), Polish grzebać (“to bury”), Czech hřésti (“to bury”). Doublet of gravieren.
Compare German Grab (“grave”), Serbo-Croatian and Slovene grob (“grave”), Czech and Slovak hrob (“grave”), Polish grób (“grave”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈɡʁaːbən/, [ˈɡʁaːbm̩] (Germany)
Audio: (file) - IPA(key): /ˈɡʁaːbɛn/, [ˈɡʁaːbɱ̩] (Austria)
Audio (Austria): (file) - Hyphenation: gra‧ben
- Homophone: Graben
- Rhymes: -aːbn̩
Verb
[edit]graben (class 6 strong, third-person singular present gräbt, past tense grub, past participle gegraben, past subjunctive grübe, auxiliary haben)
- (transitive or intransitive) to dig
- (transitive, intransitive or reflexive, of an animal) to burrow
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | graben | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | grabend | ||||
past participle | gegraben | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich grabe | wir graben | i | ich grabe | wir graben |
du gräbst | ihr grabt | du grabest | ihr grabet | ||
er gräbt | sie graben | er grabe | sie graben | ||
preterite | ich grub | wir gruben | ii | ich grübe1 | wir grüben1 |
du grubst | ihr grubt | du grübest1 du grübst1 |
ihr grübet1 ihr grübt1 | ||
er grub | sie gruben | er grübe1 | sie grüben1 | ||
imperative | grab (du) grabe (du) |
grabt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Derived terms
[edit]- abgraben
- angraben
- aufgraben
- ausgraben
- begraben
- druntergraben
- durchgraben
- eingraben
- ergraben
- Graben
- herausgraben
- hereingraben
- herumgraben
- hervorgraben
- hinausgraben
- hineingraben
- hinterhergraben
- hinübergraben
- losgraben
- nachgraben
- rausgraben
- reingraben
- rumgraben
- umgraben
- untergraben
- vergraben
- vorbeigraben
- vorgraben
- weitergraben
- zugraben
- zurückgraben
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “graben” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “graben” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “graben” in Duden online
- “graben” in OpenThesaurus.de
Spanish
[edit]Verb
[edit]graben
- inflection of grabar:
Categories:
- English terms borrowed from German
- English terms derived from German
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English indeclinable nouns
- en:Geology
- English terms with quotations
- en:Landforms
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German doublets
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German terms with homophones
- Rhymes:German/aːbn̩
- Rhymes:German/aːbn̩/2 syllables
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German strong verbs
- German class 6 strong verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German transitive verbs
- German intransitive verbs
- German reflexive verbs
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms