influenza

See also: Influenza

English

Etymology

From Italian influenza (“influence”), from Latin influentia. Doublet of influence.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌɪn.fluˈɛn.zə/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛnzə

Noun

influenza (countable and uncountable, plural influenzas or influenze)

2. (pathology) An acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs, caused by a virus, which rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics.
   • 2020 April 8, Dr David Turner, “How railway staff were conduits and victims of a pandemic”, in Rail, page 32:

     In early 1919 the Board also issued a film, Dr Wise on Influenza, in which a character called 'Brown' spreads the disease by enacting poor behaviours.
     This did address transport - by boarding a crowded omnibus, "Brown may be scattering germs throughout the carriage and giving influenza to a number of people".

Synonyms

• flu
• grippe, grip

Derived terms

• affluenza
• Asian influenza
• avian influenza
• Hong Kong influenza
• influenzal
• influenzalike
• influenzavirus
• Mexican influenza
• parainfluenza
• Spanish influenza
• superinfluenza
• swine influenza

Related terms

• affluence
• affluent
• circumfluence
• circumfluent
• circumfluous
• confluence
• confluent
• conflux
• defluent
• defluxion
• diffluence
• diffluent
• difluence
• difluent
• effluent
• flu
• fluctuance
• fluctuant
• fluctuate
• fluctuation
• fluctuous
• fluency
• fluent
• fluid
• fluidity
• flume
• flumen
• fluor
• fluorian
• fluoric
• fluoride
• fluorinate
• fluorination
• fluorine
• fluorite
• fluvial
• fluviality
• flux
• fluxion
• influence
• influent
• influx
• mellifluous
• profluence
• profluent
• refluence
• refluency
• refluent
• superfluous
• transfluence
• transfluent

Descendants

• → Bengali: ইনফ্লুয়েঞ্জা (inphluẏenja)
• → Korean: 인플루엔자 (inpeulluenja)
• → Zulu: imfuluwenza

Translations

an acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs

• Arabic: إِنْفْلُوَنْزَا f (ʔinfluwanzā)

  North Levantine Arabic: گريب m (grīb)

• Armenian: գրիպ (hy) (grip)
• Belarusian: грып m (hryp)
• Bulgarian: грип (bg) m (grip), инфлуе́нца (bg) f (influénca)
• Catalan: grip (ca) f, influença (ca) f
• Cebuano: trangkaso
• Chamicuro: e'tes̈huli
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 流感 (lau⁴ gam²)

  Mandarin: 流行性感冒 (zh) (liúxíngxìng-gǎnmào), 流感 (zh) (liúgǎn)

• Czech: chřipka (cs) f
• Danish: influenza (da) c
• Dutch: griep (nl) f
• Esperanto: gripo, influenco
• Estonian: gripp
• Faroese: beinkrím n
• Finnish: influenssa (fi)
• French: grippe (fr) f
• Galician: gripe f
• Georgian: გრიპი (griṗi), ინფლუენცა (inpluenca) (dated)
• German: Grippe (de) f, Influenza (de) f

  Alemannic German: Grippi n

• Greenlandic: nualluk
• Hungarian: influenza (hu)
• Icelandic: inflúensa (is) f, flensa (is) f
• Indonesian: influenza (id)
• Italian: influenza (it) f, febbre (it) f
• Japanese: 流行性感冒 (ja) (りゅうこうせいかんぼう, ryūkōsei-kanbō), インフルエンザ (ja) (infuruenza), (abbreviation) インフル (ja) (infuru)
• Korean: 인플루엔자 (ko) (inpeulluenja), 감기(感氣) (ko) (gamgi)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: arsim (ku)

• Lithuanian: gripas m
• Macedonian: грип m (grip)
• Malay: influenza
• Maori: rewharewha, tarutawhiti
• Navajo: tahoniigááh, atsʼiiʼ honiigaah
• Persian: آنفولانزا (fa) (ânfulânzâ)
• Polish: grypa (pl) f
• Portuguese: gripe (pt) f
• Romanian: gripă (ro) f
• Russian: грипп (ru) m (gripp), инфлюэ́нца (ru) f (infljuénca)
• Scottish Gaelic: cnatan mòr m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: грипа f, грип m, инфлуенца f

  Roman: gripa (sh) f, grip m, influenca (sh) f

• Slovak: chrípka (sk) f
• Slovene: gripa (sl) f, influenca f
• Spanish: gripe (es) f, (Colombia, Mexico) gripa (es) f, influenza (es) f
• Swedish: influensa (sv) c, flunsa (sv) c
• Tagalog: trangkaso
• Turkish: grip (tr), enflüenza
• Ukrainian: грип m (hryp)
• Vietnamese: bệnh cúm, cúm (vi)
• Volapük: grip
• Welsh: ffliw
• West Frisian: gryp
• Zulu: imfuluwenza class 9

Danish

Etymology

From Italian influenza, from Latin influentia.

Noun

influenza c (singular definite influenzaen, plural indefinite influenzaer)

1. (pathology) influenza, flu

Inflection

Declension of influenza

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	influenza	influenzaen	influenzaer	influenzaerne
genitive	influenzas	influenzaens	influenzaers	influenzaernes

Derived terms

• aviær influenza
• fugleinfluenza
• influenzaepidemi
• influenzasymptom
• influenzavirus
• svineinfluenza

References

• “influenza” in Den Danske Ordbog

French

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

influenza m or f (plural influenzas)

1. (obsolete) influenza

   Synonym: grippe

Descendants

• → Persian: آنفولانزا (ânfulânzâ)

Further reading

• “influenza”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Hungarian

Etymology

From Italian influenza, from Latin influentia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈiɱfluɛnzɒ]
• Hyphenation: inf‧lu‧en‧za
• Rhymes: -zɒ

Noun

influenza (plural influenzák)

1. (pathology) flu, influenza

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	influenza	influenzák
accusative	influenzát	influenzákat
dative	influenzának	influenzáknak
instrumental	influenzával	influenzákkal
causal-final	influenzáért	influenzákért
translative	influenzává	influenzákká
terminative	influenzáig	influenzákig
essive-formal	influenzaként	influenzákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	influenzában	influenzákban
superessive	influenzán	influenzákon
adessive	influenzánál	influenzáknál
illative	influenzába	influenzákba
sublative	influenzára	influenzákra
allative	influenzához	influenzákhoz
elative	influenzából	influenzákból
delative	influenzáról	influenzákról
ablative	influenzától	influenzáktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	influenzáé	influenzáké
non-attributive possessive – plural	influenzáéi	influenzákéi

Possessive forms of influenza

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	influenzám	influenzáim
2nd person sing.	influenzád	influenzáid
3rd person sing.	influenzája	influenzái
1st person plural	influenzánk	influenzáink
2nd person plural	influenzátok	influenzáitok
3rd person plural	influenzájuk	influenzáik

Derived terms

• influenzás

Compound words

• influenzajárvány
• influenzaoltás
• influenzavírus
• madárinfluenza
• sertésinfluenza

Further reading

• influenza in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /in.fluˈɛn.t͡sa/
• Rhymes: -ɛntsa
• Hyphenation: in‧flu‧èn‧za

Etymology 1

From Latin īnfluentia.

Noun

influenza f (plural influenze)

1. influence

   Synonym: influsso

2. influenza, flu

Derived terms

• influenza aviaria
• influenzale
• influenzare

Related terms

• influente

Descendants

• → English: influenza
  • → Bengali: ইনফ্লুয়েঞ্জা (inphluẏenja)
  • → Korean: 인플루엔자 (inpeulluenja)
  • → Zulu: imfuluwenza
• → German: Influenza
• → Hungarian: influenza
• → Spanish: influenza
• → Swedish: influensa

Etymology 2

Verb

influenza

1. inflection of influenzare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• influenza in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian influenza, from Latin īnfluentia. Doublet of influencia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /influˈenθa/ [ĩɱ.fluˈẽn̟.θa]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /influˈensa/ [ĩɱ.fluˈẽn.sa]
• Rhymes: -enθa
• Rhymes: -ensa
• Syllabification: in‧flu‧en‧za

Noun

influenza f (plural influenzas)

1. influenza

   Synonym: gripe

Further reading

• “influenza”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10