modus

See also: Modus

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin modus (“measure, manner, mood”). Doublet of mode.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈməʊdəs/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -əʊdəs

Noun

modus (plural modi)

1. (law, obsolete) The arrangement of, or mode of expressing, the terms of a contract or conveyance.
2. (law) A qualification involving the idea of variation or departure from some general rule or form, in the way of either restriction or enlargement, according to the circumstances of the case, as in the will of a donor, an agreement between parties, etc.
3. (law) A fixed compensation or equivalent given instead of payment of tithes in kind, expressed in full by the phrase modus decimandi.
   • 1765–1769, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, (please specify |book=I to IV), Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] Clarendon Press, →OCLC:

     To make a good and sufficient modus, the following rules must be observed

   • 1776, Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations:

     When, instead either of a certain portion of the produce of land, or of the price of a certain portion, a certain sum of money is to be paid in full compensation for all tax or tythe; the tax becomes, in this case, exactly of the same nature with the land tax of England. It neither rises nor falls with the rent of the land. It neither encourages nor discourages improvement. The tythe in the greater part of those parishes which pay what is called a modus, in lieu of all other tythe is a tax of this kind. During the Mahometan government of Bengal, instead of the payment in kind of the fifth part of the produce, a modus, and, it is said, a very moderate one, was established in the greater part of the districts or zemindaries of the country. Some of the servants of the East India company, under pretence of restoring the public revenue to its proper value, have, in some provinces, exchanged this modus for a payment in kind. Under their management, this change is likely both to discourage cultivation, and to give new opportunities for abuse in the collection of the public revenue, which has fallen very much below what it was said to have been when it first fell under the management of the company. The servants of the company may, perhaps, have profited by the change, but at the expense, it is probable, both of their masters and of the country.

   • 1829, Walter Savage Landor, “Duke de Richelieu, Sir Firebrace Cotes, Lady Glengrin. and Mr. Normanby”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume V (second series, volume II), London: James Duncan, […], →OCLC:

     They, from time immemorial, had paid a modus, or composition.

   • 1917, The English Reports: Exchequer, page 789:

     That there is and from time immemorial has been within that part of the parish called Mablethorpe St. Mary's a laudable custom that, if any outdweller take ancient pasture ground, he shall pay a modus of 4d. an acre, and so in proportion, on the 1st of August, in lieu of all manner of tithe; and that if any of the ancient pasture be once ploughed up or meadowed, it shall, when restored to pasture again, pay 4d. the acre in the hands of such outdweller.

See also

other terms containing "modus"

• est modus in rebus
• modus morons
• modus operandi
• modus operandum
• modus operandus
• modus ponendo ponens
• modus ponendo tollens
• modus ponens
• modus tollendo ponens
• modus tollendo tollens
• modus tollens
• modus vivendi

 

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “modus”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

Anagrams

• Odums, domus, doums, odums

Cebuano

Etymology

Borrowed from English modus operandi, from Latin modus operandī.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: mo‧dus
• IPA^(key): /ˈmodus/ [ˈmo.d̪ʊs̪]

Noun

módus (Badlit spelling ᜋᜓᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

1. Ellipsis of modus operandi.

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:modus.

Anagrams

• dusmo

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmodus]

Noun

modus m inan

1. (statistics) mode (value occurring most frequently in a distribution)
2. (music) mode

Declension

Declension of modus (hard masculine inanimate foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	modus	mody
genitive	modu	modů
dative	modu	modům
accusative	modus	mody
vocative	mode	mody
locative	modu	modech
instrumental	modem	mody

Related terms

• modalita
• modální
• model
• modelář
• moderátor
• modul
• mód

 

Finnish

Etymology

< Latin modus

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈmodus/, [ˈmo̞dus̠]
• Rhymes: -odus
• Hyphenation^(key): mo‧dus

Noun

modus

1. (grammar) mood

Declension

Inflection of modus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		modus	modukset
genitive		moduksen	modusten moduksien
partitive		modusta	moduksia
illative		modukseen	moduksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		modus	modukset
accusative	nom.	modus	modukset
	gen.	moduksen
genitive		moduksen	modusten moduksien
partitive		modusta	moduksia
inessive		moduksessa	moduksissa
elative		moduksesta	moduksista
illative		modukseen	moduksiin
adessive		moduksella	moduksilla
ablative		modukselta	moduksilta
allative		modukselle	moduksille
essive		moduksena	moduksina
translative		modukseksi	moduksiksi
abessive		moduksetta	moduksitta
instructive		—	moduksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of modus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative modukseni modukseni accusative nom. modukseni modukseni gen. modukseni genitive modukseni modusteni moduksieni partitive modustani moduksiani inessive moduksessani moduksissani elative moduksestani moduksistani illative modukseeni moduksiini adessive moduksellani moduksillani ablative modukseltani moduksiltani allative modukselleni moduksilleni essive moduksenani moduksinani translative moduksekseni moduksikseni abessive moduksettani moduksittani instructive — — comitative — moduksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative moduksesi moduksesi accusative nom. moduksesi moduksesi gen. moduksesi genitive moduksesi modustesi moduksiesi partitive modustasi moduksiasi inessive moduksessasi moduksissasi elative moduksestasi moduksistasi illative modukseesi moduksiisi adessive moduksellasi moduksillasi ablative modukseltasi moduksiltasi allative moduksellesi moduksillesi essive moduksenasi moduksinasi translative modukseksesi moduksiksesi abessive moduksettasi moduksittasi instructive — — comitative — moduksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative moduksemme moduksemme accusative nom. moduksemme moduksemme gen. moduksemme genitive moduksemme modustemme moduksiemme partitive modustamme moduksiamme inessive moduksessamme moduksissamme elative moduksestamme moduksistamme illative modukseemme moduksiimme adessive moduksellamme moduksillamme ablative modukseltamme moduksiltamme allative moduksellemme moduksillemme essive moduksenamme moduksinamme translative modukseksemme moduksiksemme abessive moduksettamme moduksittamme instructive — — comitative — moduksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative moduksenne moduksenne accusative nom. moduksenne moduksenne gen. moduksenne genitive moduksenne modustenne moduksienne partitive modustanne moduksianne inessive moduksessanne moduksissanne elative moduksestanne moduksistanne illative modukseenne moduksiinne adessive moduksellanne moduksillanne ablative modukseltanne moduksiltanne allative moduksellenne moduksillenne essive moduksenanne moduksinanne translative modukseksenne moduksiksenne abessive moduksettanne moduksittanne instructive — — comitative — moduksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative moduksensa moduksensa accusative nom. moduksensa moduksensa gen. moduksensa genitive moduksensa modustensa moduksiensa partitive modustaan modustansa moduksiaan moduksiansa inessive moduksessaan moduksessansa moduksissaan moduksissansa elative moduksestaan moduksestansa moduksistaan moduksistansa illative modukseensa moduksiinsa adessive moduksellaan moduksellansa moduksillaan moduksillansa ablative modukseltaan modukseltansa moduksiltaan moduksiltansa allative modukselleen moduksellensa moduksilleen moduksillensa essive moduksenaan moduksenansa moduksinaan moduksinansa translative moduksekseen modukseksensa moduksikseen moduksiksensa abessive moduksettaan moduksettansa moduksittaan moduksittansa instructive — — comitative — moduksineen moduksinensa

Further reading

• “modus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin modus. Doublet of mode, model, modul, and modern.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmo.dʊs]
• Hyphenation: mo‧dus

Noun

modus (plural modus-modus)

1. mode,
   1. (mathematics, statistics) the most frequently occurring value in a distribution.
   2. (linguistics) mood, a verb form that depends on how its containing clause relates to the speaker’s or writer’s wish, intent, or assertion about reality.
   3. a particular means of accomplishing something.

      Synonym: cara

2. (colloquial) modus operandi, a known criminal's established habits and mode of work when committing specific offences, especially fraud, matched with characteristics of an unsolved crime to narrow down (limit to a specific list) or profile suspects.

Alternative forms

• mod (Standard Malay)

Related terms

• mode
• model
• modern
• modernisme
• modis
• modul
• modulasi

 

Further reading

• “modus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *med-

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Italic *medos

Latin modus

From Proto-Italic *modos, from Proto-Indo-European *mod-ós (“measure”), from *med- (“to measure”); compare especially Ancient Greek μήδεᾰ (mḗdea, “counsels, plans”), Old Armenian միտ (mit, “thought”). But note as the oblique cases would be expected as *moder- (e.g. gen.: moderis), thus moderor, modestus etc. Contrast mōs for the senses of manner and way.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.dus/, [ˈmɔd̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmo.dus/, [ˈmɔːd̪us]

Noun

modus m (genitive modī); second declension

1. measure
2. bound, limit, end

   Synonyms: līmes, fīnis, cacūmen

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.98:

     “Sed quis erit modus, aut quō nunc certāmine tantō?”

     “But what will be the end [of it], or to where [do we go] now with a rivalry so great?”
     (Juno is speaking to Venus.)

3. manner (of doing or being arranged), way (of doing or being arranged), method

   Synonyms: ratiō, disciplīna

   Quem ad modum ― like, such, in what manner

   hoc modo ― in this manner

   admirandum in modum ― wonderfully (literally: in a wonderful manner)

   miserandum in modum ― miserably (literally: in a miserable manner)

   hostilem in modum ― in a hostile manner (Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita, I, 5)

   • Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico I, 36:

     quem ad modum vellent

     in what manner they pleased

   • 1272, an unknown source in The Natural History of Precious Stones and of the Precious Metals (1867), viii, page 269:

     Una Perla ad modum camahuti.

     A pearl in the manner of a cameo.

4. (grammar) mood, mode

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	modus	modī
genitive	modī	modōrum
dative	modō	modīs
accusative	modum	modōs
ablative	modō	modīs
vocative	mode	modī

Derived terms

• commodus
• moderor
• modestus
• modicus
• modificō
• modius
• modō
• modulus
• multimodis
• multimodus
• quemadmodum
• quōmodo

 

Descendants

• → Catalan: mode (learned)
• → English: mode
• Old French: mode
  • Middle French: mode
    • French: mode (see there for further descendants)
  • Romanian: mod
• Friulian: mût
• Galician: modo
• → German: Modus
• → Hungarian: mód
• Italian: modo
• → Old Irish: mod
  • Irish: modh
  • Scottish Gaelic: modh
• Portuguese: modo
• Sicilian: modu
• Spanish: modo
• → Welsh: modd

Further reading

• “modus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “modus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• modus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• modus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the melody: modi (De Or. 1. 42. 187)
    
  • to compose, put to music: modos facere
    
  • to observe moderation, be moderate: modum tenere, retinere, servare, adhibere
    
  • to set a limit to a thing: modum facere, statuere, constituere alicui rei or alicuius rei
    
  • to pass the limit: modum transire
    
  • to pass the limit: extra modum prodire
    
  • to pass the limit: ultra modum progredi
    
  • to show moderation in a matter: moderationem, modum adhibere in aliqua re
    
  • beyond all measure: extra, praeter modum
    
  • to limit one's expenditure: sumptibus modum statuere
    
  • (ambiguous) to translate freely: his fere verbis, hoc fere modo convertere, transferre
    
  • (ambiguous) with no moderation: sine modo; nullo modo adhibito
    
  • (ambiguous) to flee like deer, sheep: pecorum modo fugere (Liv. 40. 27)
    
• modus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• DIZIONARIO LATINO OLIVETTI

Anagrams

• domus

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin modus.

Noun

modus m (definite singular modusen, indefinite plural modi or moduser, definite plural modiene or modusene)

1. mode
2. (grammar) mood

Derived terms

• dvalemodus

References

• “modus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin modus.

Noun

modus m (definite singular modusen, indefinite plural modi or modusar, definite plural modiane or modusane)

1. mode
2. (grammar) mood

Derived terms

• dvalemodus

References

• “modus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Tagalog

Etymology

Ellipsis of English modus operandi, from New Latin.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈmodus/ [ˈmoː.d̪ʊs]
• Rhymes: -odus
• Syllabification: mo‧dus

Noun

modus (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜓᜇᜓᜐ᜔)

1. (law enforcement) modus operandi

See also

• budol