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nap

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "nap"

Translingual

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Symbol

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nap

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Neapolitan.

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English nappen, from Old English hnappian (“to doze, slumber, sleep”), from Proto-West Germanic *hnappōn (“to nap”). Cognate with Old High German hnaffezan, hnaffezzan (whence Middle High German nafzen (“to slumber”) whence German dialectal napfezen, nafzen (“to nod, slumber, nap”)).

Verb

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nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)

  1. To have a nap; to sleep for a short period of time, especially during the day.
    Synonyms: snooze, doze
  2. (figuratively) To be off one's guard.
    The regulators were caught napping by the financial collapse.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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From Middle English nap, from the verb nappen.

Noun

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nap (plural naps)

  2. A short period of sleep, especially one during the day.
    Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shut-eye, Thesaurus:sleep
Derived terms
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Translations
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See also
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See Appendix:Collocations of do, have, make, and take for collocations of nap.

Etymology 3

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From late Middle English noppe, nappe, from Middle Dutch and Middle Low German noppe, noppen (“to trim the nap”), ultimately from knappen (“to eat, crack”), of imitative origin. Related to the first element of knapsack.

Noun

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nap (countable and uncountable, plural naps)

  2. A soft or fuzzy surface, generally on fabric or leather.
    • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
      I tell thee, Jack Cade the clothier means to dress the commonwealth, and turn it, and set a new nap upon it.
    • 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “16”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:
      On his long, gaunt body, he carried no spare flesh, no superfluous beard, his chin having a soft, economical nap to it, like the worn nap of his broad-brimmed hat.
    • 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin, published 2011, page 37:
      There were low bookshelves, there was a thick pinkish Chinese rug in which a gopher could have spent a week without showing his nose above the nap.
    • 1961, Skyline, page 9:
      THEY CALL IT the "nap of the Earth," that area from the ground to the level of surrounding trees and hills, the thin rug of foliage and rock folds at the Earth's skin line that has become all-important to the United States Army.
    • 1987, Some Data Processing Requirements for Precision Nap-Of-the-Earth (NOE) Guidance and Control of Rotorcraft:
      If incorporated in automatic guidance, this practical pursuit adjustment will enhance pilot acceptance of automatic guidance in following nap-of-the-earth profiles with precision.
  4. The common direction, on some kinds of fabric, of the hairs making up the pile.
    If the fabric has a nap, make sure all pieces are cut with the nap going the same direction.
    • 1969, Classic Car, volumes 17-19, page 32:
      Instead of grinding the pistons straight around the axis, they are ground diagonally with a special-built machine. As a result, the “nap” of the metal is turned in such a way that, when it meets the “nap” of the cylinder wall, both surfaces quickly develop a high finish which removes the danger of scoring a piston.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Verb

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nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)

  1. To form or raise a soft or fuzzy surface on (fabric or leather).
Translations
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Etymology 4

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From the name of the French emperor Napoleon I of France.

Noun

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nap (countable and uncountable, plural naps)

  2. (British) A type of bet in British horse racing, based on the experts' best tips.
    • 2005, Leighton Vaughan-Williams, The Economics of Gambling, page 71:
      4. Races run on English, Welsh or Scottish racecourses. This criterion was included so that media tipsters [sic] nap selections in general could be analysed; the source of naps, The Racing Rag 'tipster table', summarises the nap selections of newspaper tipsters, who restrict their selection to horses running at racecourses in these countries.
  3. (uncountable, card games) A card game in which players take tricks; properly Napoleon.
  4. A bid to take five tricks in the card game Napoleon.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 5

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Probably of North Germanic origin, from Old Swedish nappa (“to pluck, pinch”). Related to nab.

Verb

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nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)

  1. (obsolete) To grab; to nab.
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 6

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From French napper, from nappe (“nape”).

Verb

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nap (third-person singular simple present naps, present participle napping, simple past and past participle napped)

  1. (cooking) To cover (something) with a sauce. (usually in the passive)
    • 2006, Wayne Gisslen, Mary Ellen Griffin, Professional Cooking for Canadian Chefs:
      Vanilla ice cream topped with a poached or canned pear half, napped with chocolate sauce, and garnished with toasted sliced almonds.

Etymology 7

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From Middle English nap (“a bowl”), from Old English hnæpp (“a cup, bowl”), from Proto-West Germanic *hnapp, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz (“a cup, bowl”). Cognate with Dutch nap (“drinking cup”), Low German Napp (“bowl, cup”), German Napf (“bowl”), Icelandic hnappur (“button, key”). Doublet of hanap. See also nappy.

Noun

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nap (plural naps)

  1. (Northern England, Scotland) A cup, bowl.
References
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Anagrams

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Catalan

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Catalan nap, from Latin nāpus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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nap m (plural naps)

  1. turnip, Brassica rapa

References

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Chuukese

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Adjective

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nap

  1. great

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch nap, from Old Dutch nap, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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nap m (plural nappen, diminutive napje n)

  1. drinking cup

Derived terms

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Anagrams

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Hungarian

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Etymology

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Of unknown origin.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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nap (plural napok)

  2. day
    Egy hét hét napból áll. ― A week consists of seven days.
  4. sun (also written Nap in astronomical context), (in compounds) solar
    Süt a nap. ― The sun is shining.
    napszél ― solar wind
    naprendszer ― solar system

Usage notes

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(day):

Adverbs of temporal nouns     (see also: Appendix:Hungarian words of time)
no suffix (the noun
can act as an adverb)		 nappal (“daytime”), reggel (“early morning”), délelőtt (“late morning”), délután (“afternoon”), este (“evening”), éjjel / éjszaka (“night”), and vasárnap (“Sunday”)
-kor (“at”) pirkadat / virradat (“dawn”), napkelte (“sunrise”), napnyugta (“sunset”), alkonyat (“dusk”), szürkület (“twilight”), éjfél (“midnight”), hours and minutes, and the names of holidays (húsvét (“Easter”) etc.)
-ban/-ben (“in”) dél (“noon”), hajnal (“daybreak”), names of months (január–december) and hónap (“month”), évszak (“season”), év (“year”) and specific years, évtized (“decade”) and longer periods
-n/-on/-en/-ön (“on”) days of the week (hétfő–szombat) except Sunday, days of the month (elseje (“1st”), másodika (“2nd”) etc.), nap (“day”), hét (“week”), nyár (“summer”), and tél (“winter”)
-val/-vel (“with”, assimilated: -szal/-szel) tavasz (“spring”), ősz (“autumn, fall”)

(sun): Some astronomical and geographical terms have both a lowercase (common noun) and a capitalized (proper noun) form. For föld (“ground, soil”)―​Föld (“Earth”), hold (“moon, satellite”)―​Hold (“the Moon”), and nap (“day; sun”)―​Nap (“the Sun”), the lowercase forms are used in the everyday sense and the capitalized forms in the astronomical sense. In other similar pairs, the former refers to generic sense, and the latter specifies the best known referent: egyenlítő (“equator”)―​Egyenlítő (“Equator”), naprendszer (“solar system, planetary system”)―​Naprendszer (“Solar System”), and tejút (“galaxy”, literally “milky way”, but galaxis and galaktika are more common)―​Tejút (“Milky Way”).[1][2][3][4]

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative nap napok
accusative napot napokat
dative napnak napoknak
instrumental nappal napokkal
causal-final napért napokért
translative nappá napokká
terminative napig napokig
essive-formal napként napokként
essive-modal — —
inessive napban napokban
superessive napon napokon
adessive napnál napoknál
illative napba napokba
sublative napra napokra
allative naphoz napokhoz
elative napból napokból
delative napról napokról
ablative naptól napoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		napé napoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		napéi napokéi
Possessive forms of nap
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. napom napjaim
2nd person sing. napod napjaid
3rd person sing. napja napjai
1st person plural napunk napjaink
2nd person plural napotok napjaitok
3rd person plural napjuk napjaik

Derived terms

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Compound words with this term at the beginning
Compound words with this term at the end
Expressions

Adverb

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nap

  1. (following certain adjectives) on the specified (kind or number of) day(s)
    Synonym: napon
    minden áldott nap ― (on) every single day
    Egész nap ott voltunk. ― We were there (on) the whole day.
    Egyik nap ezt akarja, (a) másik nap meg azt. ― S/he wants one thing on some days and another (thing) on other days.
    Egy nap úgy döntött, elég volt. ― (On) some day s/he decided enough was enough.

Usage notes

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Using a bare noun for an adverb is typical for times of the day like reggel (“morning”), este (“evening”) etc., but not for time units like minute, hour, week, month, or year, which all take a suffix when used as adverbs (percben, órában, héten, hónapban, évben). Even nap takes -on in most cases other than those above. However, the bare form also occurs in compound adverbs such as aznap, másnap, mindennap and vasárnap (the latter functions as a noun too), as well as tegnap and holnap.

References

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  1. ^ nap in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

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  • nap in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old English hnæpp, from Proto-West Germanic *hnapp, from Proto-Germanic *hnappaz.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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nap (plural nappes)

  2. A bowl for one's beverages; a chalice.
Descendants
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  • English: nap (now dialectal)
  • Scots: nap
References
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Etymology 2

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A back-formation from nappen.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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nap

  2. A nap or doze; a short sleep.
Descendants
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References
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Etymology 3

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Verb

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nap

  1. Alternative form of nappen

Occitan

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Etymology

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From Old Occitan nap, from Latin nāpus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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nap m (plural naps)

  1. turnip (Brassica rapa)

Derived terms

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References

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  • Arve Cassignac, Dictionnaire français-occitan, occitan-français, 2015

Old English

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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nāp

  1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative of nīpan

Romanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Latin nāpus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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nap m (plural napi)

  1. turnip or swede (Brassica rapa)
  2. carrot

Declension

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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative nap napul napi napii
genitive-dative nap napului napi napilor
vocative napule napilor

See also

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