supero

See also: superó and superò

Catalan

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (Central) [suˈpe.ɾu]
IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [suˈpe.ɾo]

Verb

supero

first-person singular present indicative of superar

Italian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsu.pe.ro/
Rhymes: -upero
Hyphenation: sù‧pe‧ro

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin superus.

Adjective

supero (feminine supera, masculine plural superi, feminine plural supere)

Related terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

supero

first-person singular present indicative of superare

Latin

Etymology

From superus (“above”), from super (“above”), from *eks-uper, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”) (Latin ex) and *upér (“over, above”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.pe.roː/, [ˈs̠ʊpɛroː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsu.pe.ro/, [ˈsuːpero]

Verb

superō (present infinitive superāre, perfect active superāvī, supine superātum); first conjugation

to surmount, rise over, rise above, go over, ascend, overtop, mount
- 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.: 317:
  superantque cacūmina nūbēs.
  and the peaks rise above the clouds.
to go over, pass over, surpass, exceed, traverse
Synonyms: praetereō, trānsgredior, trānseō, praeferō, trānsmittō, peragō, intrō
to be superior, surpass, exceed, excel, outdo, outstrip, be in excess, have the upper hand
Synonyms: praepolleō, praestō, exsuperō
to be abundant, overflow
to overcome, overpower, conquer, subdue
Synonyms: subigō, subiciō, dēvincō, vincō, pācō, conquestō, expugnō, domō, prōflīgō, ēvincō, caedō, obruō, exsuperō, pellō, opprimō, premō, fundō
to remain; to be left, left over, or left alone; to survive; to be safe, to be spared
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.596–598:
  “‘Nōn prius aspiciēs ubi fessum aetāte parentem
  līqueris Anchīsēn; superet coniūnxne Creūsā,
  Ascaniusque puer?’”
  “‘First, why don't you see where you left your father, Anchises, weary with age? Does [your wife,] Creüsa, survive? And the child, Ascanius?’”
  (Venus reminds Aeneas to return to his own family.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of superō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	superō	superās	superat	superāmus	superātis	superant
	imperfect	superābam	superābās	superābat	superābāmus	superābātis	superābant
	future	superābō	superābis	superābit	superābimus	superābitis	superābunt
	perfect	superāvī	superāvistī, superāstī¹	superāvit, superāt¹	superāvimus, superāmus¹	superāvistis, superāstis¹	superāvērunt, superāvēre, superārunt¹
	pluperfect	superāveram, superāram¹	superāverās, superārās¹	superāverat, superārat¹	superāverāmus, superārāmus¹	superāverātis, superārātis¹	superāverant, superārant¹
	future perfect	superāverō, superārō¹	superāveris, superāris¹	superāverit, superārit¹	superāverimus, superārimus¹	superāveritis, superāritis¹	superāverint, superārint¹
passive	present	superor	superāris, superāre	superātur	superāmur	superāminī	superantur
	imperfect	superābar	superābāris, superābāre	superābātur	superābāmur	superābāminī	superābantur
	future	superābor	superāberis, superābere	superābitur	superābimur	superābiminī	superābuntur
	perfect	superātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	superātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	superātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	superem	superēs	superet	superēmus	superētis	superent
imperfect	superārem	superārēs	superāret	superārēmus	superārētis	superārent
perfect	superāverim, superārim¹	superāverīs, superārīs¹	superāverit, superārit¹	superāverīmus, superārīmus¹	superāverītis, superārītis¹	superāverint, superārint¹
pluperfect	superāvissem, superāssem¹	superāvissēs, superāssēs¹	superāvisset, superāsset¹	superāvissēmus, superāssēmus¹	superāvissētis, superāssētis¹	superāvissent, superāssent¹
passive	present	superer	superēris, superēre	superētur	superēmur	superēminī	superentur
imperfect	superārer	superārēris, superārēre	superārētur	superārēmur	superārēminī	superārentur
perfect	superātus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	superātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	superā	—	—	superāte	—
active	future	—	superātō	superātō	—	superātōte	superantō
passive	present	—	superāre	—	—	superāminī	—
passive	future	—	superātor	superātor	—	—	superantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		superāre	superāvisse, superāsse¹	superātūrum esse	superārī	superātum esse	superātum īrī
participles		superāns	—	superātūrus	—	superātus	superandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		superandī	superandō	superandum	superandō	superātum	superātū

¹At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

Derived terms

Descendants

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: shupãr, shupãrari
- Romanian: supăra, supărare

Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: sobrar
- Occitan: sobrar

Ibero-Romance:
- Portuguese: sobrar
- Spanish: sobrar

Italo-Dalmatian:
- Italian: soprare

Borrowings:

→ Catalan: superar
→ Friulian: superâ
→ English: superate
→ Italian: superare
→ Portuguese: superar
→ Spanish: superar

References

“supero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“supero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
supero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to cross the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines: superare Alpes, Pyrenaeum, Apenninum (both always in the sing.)
- the water is up to, is above, the chest: aqua pectus aequat, superat
- to double a cape: promunturium superare
- to be defeated in fight, lose the battle: proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere
- to double an island, cape: superare insulam, promunturium
- (ambiguous) heavenly things; earthly things: supera et caelestia; humana et citerioria

Portuguese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /suˈpɛ.ɾu/

Rhymes: -ɛɾu
Hyphenation: su‧pe‧ro

Verb

supero

first-person singular present indicative of superar

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /suˈpeɾo/ [suˈpe.ɾo]
Rhymes: -eɾo
Syllabification: su‧pe‧ro

Verb

supero

first-person singular present indicative of superar

Catalan

Pronunciation

Verb

Italian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Adjective

Related terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Further reading

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Descendants

References

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Verb

Spanish

Pronunciation

Verb