tonggak

Indonesian

Etymology 1

Related to tunggak.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈtɔŋɡaʔ/ [ˈt̪ɔŋ.ɡaʔ]
• Syllabification: tong‧gak

Noun

tonggak

1. vertical beam (a large vertical piece of timber or iron)
2. pole, pillar (a long object for construction or support)

   Synonym: tiang

3. milestone (one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals)

   Synonyms: batu, pal

4. stump, treestump (the remains of a tree that has been cut off)

   Synonyms: tunggak, tunggul

5. (figurative) base, source
6. (chiefly obsolete) a very quiet person

Compounds

• tonggak gantung
• tonggak sejarah

 

Etymology 2

An alternative form of an word.

Verb

tonggak (active menonggak, passive ditonggak)

1. Alternative form of tunggak

Etymology 3

Perhaps related to teguk and tenggak.

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Verb

tonggak (active menonggak, passive ditonggak)

1. (obsolete) to pour (something) into one's mouth

Further reading

• “tonggak” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology 1

Doublet of tunggak. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Noun

tonggak (Jawi spelling توڠݢق, plural tonggak-tonggak, informal 1st possessive tonggakku, 2nd possessive tonggakmu, 3rd possessive tonggaknya)

1. straight, pointed plant shoot (of bamboo and mangroves)

   Synonyms: pucuk, rebung (of bamboo)

2. buttress roots (of banyan etc.)

   Synonym: banir

3. stump, treestump (the remains of a tree that has been cut off)

   Synonyms: tunggak, tunggul

4. vertical beam (a large vertical piece of timber or iron)
5. pole, pillar (a long object for construction or support)

   Synonyms: tiang, turus, tunggak

6. (figurative) base, source

   Synonyms: pangkal, punca, tunjang

7. (figurative) belief

   Synonyms: pegangan, tiang

8. (Indonesia) milestone (one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals)

   Synonyms: batu, pal

9. (chiefly obsolete) a very quiet person

   Synonym: pendiam

Compounds

• tonggak gantung
• tonggak sejarah

 

Etymology 2

Perhaps related to teguk and tenggak. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

tonggak (active menonggak, passive ditonggak)

1. (obsolete) to pour (something) into one's mouth

   Synonym: teguk

References

• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901) “تڠݢق tonggak”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 171
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932) “tonggak”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume II, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 599

Further reading

• “tonggak” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.