ABSTRACT In aquatic systems, dissolved organic matter (DOM) constitutes a key component of the ca... more ABSTRACT In aquatic systems, dissolved organic matter (DOM) constitutes a key component of the carbon cycle controlling the transport, speciation, bioavailability and toxicity of trace metals. In this work, we study the spatio-temporal variability of the MO in terms of both quality and quantity from upstream to downstream the Parisian conurbation. Urban discharges which are the main source of allochthonous organic matter into the Seine at low water periods were also investigated. The DOM collected was fractionated according to polarity criteria into five fractions: hydrophobic, transphilic, hydrophilic acid, hydrophilic basic and hydrophilic neutral. Due to urban discharges a strong enrichment in the hydrophilic (HPI) fraction was observed for downstream sites. This hydrophilic fraction presented stronger binding capacities for copper than hydrophobic fraction from less urbanized site (upstream from Paris) and than Suwannee river fulvic acid (SRFA). Furthermore, biotests highlighted a significant copper bioavailability decrease in presence of hydrophilic DOM.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015
This study focuses on spatiotemporal variations in the type of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and... more This study focuses on spatiotemporal variations in the type of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and copper binding ability both upstream and downstream of Paris. It also compares the relative influence of both natural DOM upstream of Paris and effluent dissolved organic matter (EfDOM) output from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on trace metal speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems. In addition to the typical high- and low-affinity binding sites, a third family of very high-affinity binding sites has been highlighted for EfDOM. In receiving waters downstream of Paris during low-flow periods, the percentage of high- and very high-affinity sites originating from EfDOM reaches nearly 60 %. According to the speciation computation, the free copper concentration upstream of Paris exceeds the downstream Paris concentration by a factor of 2 to 4. As regards copper bioavailability, the highest EC50tot values were observed for EfDOM and downstream DOM, with a very low aromaticity and low UV absorbance. This finding suggests that specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) is unlikely to be useful in assessing metal speciation and toxicity in aquatic systems subject to strong urban pressures. These results also highlight that the copper speciation computation for surface water exposed to considerable human pressures should include not only the humic and/or fulvic part of dissolved organic carbon but more hydrophilic fractions as well, originating for example from EfDOM.
ABSTRACT Combined sewers receive high toxic trace metal loads emitted by various sources, such as... more ABSTRACT Combined sewers receive high toxic trace metal loads emitted by various sources, such as traffic, industry, urban heating and building materials. During heavy rain events, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) can occur and, if so, are discharged directly into the aquatic system and therefore could have an acute impact on receiving waters. In this study, the concentrations of 18 metals have been measured in 89 samples drawn from the three pollutant Entry Pathways in Combined Sewers (EPCS): i) roof runoff, ii) street runoff, and iii) industrial and domestic effluents and also drawn from sewer deposits (SD). The aim of this research is to identify metallic markers for each EPCS; the data matrix was submitted to principal component analysis in order to determine metallic markers for the three EPCS and SD. This study highlights the fact that metallic content variability across samples from different EPCS and SD exceeds the spatio-temporal variability of samples from the same EPCS. In the catchment studied here, the most valuable EPCS and SD markers are lead, sodium, boron, antimony and zinc; these markers could be used in future studies to identify the contributions of each EPCS to CSO metallic loads.
... kg/ha) (Paramètre) Mc Coefficient de calage représentant le taux d'érosion (kg/m2) (Para... more ... kg/ha) (Paramètre) Mc Coefficient de calage représentant le taux d'érosion (kg/m2) (Paramètre) MCFP Modèle de Calcul des Flux Polluants MCMC ... kg) Me(t) Taux d'érosion en kg/m2 (Skipworth) MES Matières en suspension Minip Masse initiale du stock des sédiments ...
In this paper we present a benchmarking methodology, which aims at comparing urban runoff quality... more In this paper we present a benchmarking methodology, which aims at comparing urban runoff quality models, based on the Bayesian theory. After choosing the different configurations of models to be tested, this methodology uses the Metropolis algorithm, a general MCMC sampling method, to estimate the posterior distributions of the models' parameters. The analysis of these posterior distributions allows a quantitative assessment of the parameters' uncertainties and their interaction structure, and provides information about the sensitivity of the probability distribution of the model output to parameters. The effectiveness and efficiency of this methodology are illustrated in the context of 4 configurations of pollutants' accumulation/erosion models, tested on 4 street subcatchments. Calibration results demonstrate that the Metropolis algorithm produces reliable inferences of parameters thus, helping on the improvement of the mathematical concept of model equations.
Currently rainwater harvesting is more and more popular in the world. The aim is reduce drinking ... more Currently rainwater harvesting is more and more popular in the world. The aim is reduce drinking water consumption in developed countries or create a point of access for water in developing countries, for drinking water or for plants irrigation. For developed countries the problems of rainwater re-use can be linked with micro pollutants contamination. Hence we underline a possible source of biocides and especially of quaternary ammoniums in rainwater stocked, which can be a source of exposition. For developing countries the problematic is link with health by drinking water access. Indeed some authors showed how contaminated rainwater is. Not really by chemical products but by bacteria.
Quantification of the different urban non-point sources of runoff pollution is a primary task in ... more Quantification of the different urban non-point sources of runoff pollution is a primary task in order to reduce pollutant loads from urban areas and to protect water bodies. To understand the link between urban land-use and pollutant source distribution, a substance flow analysis is realized for three catchments and four pollutants: Cu, Pb, Zn and PAH. Results are coherent with available measurements and among the catchments. The analysis identifies the ratio between traffic volume and impervious area as a potential indicator for source distribution of Cu and PAH. Results for Pb and Zn show the relevance of building materials used in small roof elements.
ABSTRACT In aquatic systems, dissolved organic matter (DOM) constitutes a key component of the ca... more ABSTRACT In aquatic systems, dissolved organic matter (DOM) constitutes a key component of the carbon cycle controlling the transport, speciation, bioavailability and toxicity of trace metals. In this work, we study the spatio-temporal variability of the MO in terms of both quality and quantity from upstream to downstream the Parisian conurbation. Urban discharges which are the main source of allochthonous organic matter into the Seine at low water periods were also investigated. The DOM collected was fractionated according to polarity criteria into five fractions: hydrophobic, transphilic, hydrophilic acid, hydrophilic basic and hydrophilic neutral. Due to urban discharges a strong enrichment in the hydrophilic (HPI) fraction was observed for downstream sites. This hydrophilic fraction presented stronger binding capacities for copper than hydrophobic fraction from less urbanized site (upstream from Paris) and than Suwannee river fulvic acid (SRFA). Furthermore, biotests highlighted a significant copper bioavailability decrease in presence of hydrophilic DOM.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015
This study focuses on spatiotemporal variations in the type of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and... more This study focuses on spatiotemporal variations in the type of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and copper binding ability both upstream and downstream of Paris. It also compares the relative influence of both natural DOM upstream of Paris and effluent dissolved organic matter (EfDOM) output from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on trace metal speciation and bioavailability in aquatic systems. In addition to the typical high- and low-affinity binding sites, a third family of very high-affinity binding sites has been highlighted for EfDOM. In receiving waters downstream of Paris during low-flow periods, the percentage of high- and very high-affinity sites originating from EfDOM reaches nearly 60 %. According to the speciation computation, the free copper concentration upstream of Paris exceeds the downstream Paris concentration by a factor of 2 to 4. As regards copper bioavailability, the highest EC50tot values were observed for EfDOM and downstream DOM, with a very low aromaticity and low UV absorbance. This finding suggests that specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) is unlikely to be useful in assessing metal speciation and toxicity in aquatic systems subject to strong urban pressures. These results also highlight that the copper speciation computation for surface water exposed to considerable human pressures should include not only the humic and/or fulvic part of dissolved organic carbon but more hydrophilic fractions as well, originating for example from EfDOM.
ABSTRACT Combined sewers receive high toxic trace metal loads emitted by various sources, such as... more ABSTRACT Combined sewers receive high toxic trace metal loads emitted by various sources, such as traffic, industry, urban heating and building materials. During heavy rain events, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) can occur and, if so, are discharged directly into the aquatic system and therefore could have an acute impact on receiving waters. In this study, the concentrations of 18 metals have been measured in 89 samples drawn from the three pollutant Entry Pathways in Combined Sewers (EPCS): i) roof runoff, ii) street runoff, and iii) industrial and domestic effluents and also drawn from sewer deposits (SD). The aim of this research is to identify metallic markers for each EPCS; the data matrix was submitted to principal component analysis in order to determine metallic markers for the three EPCS and SD. This study highlights the fact that metallic content variability across samples from different EPCS and SD exceeds the spatio-temporal variability of samples from the same EPCS. In the catchment studied here, the most valuable EPCS and SD markers are lead, sodium, boron, antimony and zinc; these markers could be used in future studies to identify the contributions of each EPCS to CSO metallic loads.
... kg/ha) (Paramètre) Mc Coefficient de calage représentant le taux d'érosion (kg/m2) (Para... more ... kg/ha) (Paramètre) Mc Coefficient de calage représentant le taux d'érosion (kg/m2) (Paramètre) MCFP Modèle de Calcul des Flux Polluants MCMC ... kg) Me(t) Taux d'érosion en kg/m2 (Skipworth) MES Matières en suspension Minip Masse initiale du stock des sédiments ...
In this paper we present a benchmarking methodology, which aims at comparing urban runoff quality... more In this paper we present a benchmarking methodology, which aims at comparing urban runoff quality models, based on the Bayesian theory. After choosing the different configurations of models to be tested, this methodology uses the Metropolis algorithm, a general MCMC sampling method, to estimate the posterior distributions of the models' parameters. The analysis of these posterior distributions allows a quantitative assessment of the parameters' uncertainties and their interaction structure, and provides information about the sensitivity of the probability distribution of the model output to parameters. The effectiveness and efficiency of this methodology are illustrated in the context of 4 configurations of pollutants' accumulation/erosion models, tested on 4 street subcatchments. Calibration results demonstrate that the Metropolis algorithm produces reliable inferences of parameters thus, helping on the improvement of the mathematical concept of model equations.
Currently rainwater harvesting is more and more popular in the world. The aim is reduce drinking ... more Currently rainwater harvesting is more and more popular in the world. The aim is reduce drinking water consumption in developed countries or create a point of access for water in developing countries, for drinking water or for plants irrigation. For developed countries the problems of rainwater re-use can be linked with micro pollutants contamination. Hence we underline a possible source of biocides and especially of quaternary ammoniums in rainwater stocked, which can be a source of exposition. For developing countries the problematic is link with health by drinking water access. Indeed some authors showed how contaminated rainwater is. Not really by chemical products but by bacteria.
Quantification of the different urban non-point sources of runoff pollution is a primary task in ... more Quantification of the different urban non-point sources of runoff pollution is a primary task in order to reduce pollutant loads from urban areas and to protect water bodies. To understand the link between urban land-use and pollutant source distribution, a substance flow analysis is realized for three catchments and four pollutants: Cu, Pb, Zn and PAH. Results are coherent with available measurements and among the catchments. The analysis identifies the ratio between traffic volume and impervious area as a potential indicator for source distribution of Cu and PAH. Results for Pb and Zn show the relevance of building materials used in small roof elements.
Uploads
Papers by Ghassan Chebbo