Avance Anexo S Aws d1.1
Avance Anexo S Aws d1.1
Avance Anexo S Aws d1.1
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Nombre
Name
Cargo
Title
Firma
Signature
ELABORADO POR
PREPARED BY
REVISADO POR
REVIEW BY
APROBADO POR
APPROVED BY
Fredi I. Mino S.
Fredi I. Mino S.
NDT Inspector
Nivel II ASNT-SNT-TC-1A-UT
Reg. CEN-CC-916
Objetivo
2.
Alcance
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Acoplante
8.
Equipos de Ultrasonido
9.
Transductores
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Reparaciones
15.
16.
Reporte
Anexo I
Procedimiento de calibracin para ensayos de ultrasonido segn AWS D1.1
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INDEX
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Objective
Extent of Inspection
Personnel Qualification
Ultrasonic Equipment
Probes or Transducers
Calibration Blocks
Equipment Calibration
Calibration for Inspection
Surface Conditioning
Coupling Element
Sweep Tecniques
Adittional Requeriments
Discontinuities Characterization
Discontinuity sizing
Procedure Demonstration
Acceptance and Rejection Criteria
Preparation and Provision of Reports
Annex 1: Model Report
Ultrasonic Inspection procedure AWS D1.1 Annex S
1. Objective
1.1. The objective of this procedure, is to establish the necessary requirements to
develop an alternative to the mandatory code inspection AWS D1.1
requirements, according to annex S of that inspection code.
2. Extent of Inspection
Objetivo
Alcance
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2.1. The information provided by the client must clearly identify the extent of the
ultrasonic inspection on welded joints to inspect and indicating whether a full
inspection or randomly selected points will be inspected.
2.2. When a complete inspection is specified, shall be inspected all of the welded
joint designated by the customer.
2.3. When the random inspecting points is specified, the number, the number of
points in each welding category or the spots number required to be
performed in a determined welding length shall be included in the provided
information and recorded properly. Each examined point covering four inches
at least of the weld bead. When the spot inspection reveals discontinuities on
points requiring repair, two additional adjacent points will be inspected. If
discontinuities requiring repair are shown in any of these additional spots, all
the length of the weld joint shall be examined.
3. Basic Standards and Codes
3.1. The staff responsible for the ultrasonic inspection shall be qualified by
experience in the ultrasonic technique in accordance with the relevant
requirement established in the training, qualification and personnel
certification procedure of servipetrol SA, based on the recommended practice
SNT-TC-1 2011 from ASNT.
4. ULTRASONIC EQUIPMENT
4.1. The ultrasonic equipment shall be the pulse echo type suitable to be used
with transducers in a frequency range.
It will generate, receive and present in a screen (cathode rays, LCD or LED
type) pulses in a frequency range that varies from 1 to 6 MHz minimum.
The presentation on the equipment screen is A Scan rectified video trace
precise and definite.
1.1.4.
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4.2. The horizontal linearity of the test instrument will be 5% of the lineal range
that will include the 90% of the longitudinal sweep showed on the equipment
screen (cathode rays, LCD or LED type) and shall be qualified over the full
sound path distance to be used in testing, in accordance with 6.30.1 section
of AWS D1.1.
4.3. The ultrasonic equipment shall include an internal electronic circuit of
stabilization of the operating voltage specified by the manufacture to 2
volts. The inspection equipment that use either batteries or electric power
after warm-up must not cause greater variations of 1dB with a supply
voltage change of 15% nominal or in the case of the batteries throughout the
charge operating life, and there shall incorporate an alarm or meter system to
signal a drop in battery voltage to indicate when it requires replacement or
recharging prior to instrument shutoff due to battery exhaustion.
4.4. The inspection equipment shall keep a calibrated gain control (attenuator)
adjustable in steps of 1 or 2 discrete decibels over a minimum range of 60
dB. The precision gain control setting is 1 dB and the accuracy shall be
certified by the equipment manufacturer.
Acoplante
Como acoplante entre la superficie de la pieza y el transductor debe ser
utilizado metil-celulosa diluida en agua, para efectuar la calibracin en los
bloques patrones puede utilizarse aceite delgado lubricante.
1.1.8.
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Figure 1
Cristal size
Equipos De Ultrasonido
Deben ser utilizados equipos de ultrasonido de tipo pulso-eco para ser usados
con transductores con frecuencias que oscilen entre 1 a 6 MHz, con la pantalla en
presentacin A-SCAN (el quipo puede utilizar para la inspeccin y para el informe
6. Calibration Blocks.
de resultados un modo de presentacin dual A-SCAN/PHASED ARRAY siempre
que el cliente lo requiera o autorice); segn se describe a continuacin.
6.1. The ultrasonic reference block of the International Institute of welding IIW
indicated in the Figure 6.22 (AWS D1.1), provided the standard to calibrate
Fabricante
the distance, another more portable and different design blocks may be used
- OLYMPUS EPOCH 1000i
KRAUTKRAMER PHASOR XS
Transductores
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Figure 3
Sensitivity calibration longitudinal waves and shear wave distance and sensitivity
calibration
b) Junta TC-U4b
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Figure 4
Transfer correction
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adjacent surfaces.
9.4. The Weld reinforcement shall be removed in the following cases:
a. When cause indications that may preclude the inspection.
b. When not allow a reliable inspection of the weld joint.
9.5. If there are differences between the finish surfaces of the reference block and
the part to be inspected, a check for correction transfer shall be made, as
detailed in 8.3.
10. Coupling Medium:
c) Junta BU4a-S
Verificar:
Para juntas soldadas: diseo y detalles del bisel de la junta a ser ensayada.
II.
Transductores:
Seleccionar los transductores a ser utilizados segn la tabla 6.3 del Anexo 2,
conforme sea el caso. Verificar el punto de salida del flujo snico y el ngulo
de incidencia de los transductores angulares para la inspeccin de juntas
soldadas en el bloque patrn IIW-TYPE 1 O IIW-TYPE 2, segn sea el caso.
III.
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V.
Preparacin de la Superficie
Constatar una correcta preparacin de la superficie a ser ensayada, conforme
a lo descrito en este procedimiento.
rea de Barrido
Para las juntas soldadas, determinar el rea de barrido a ser recorrida por el
transductor lo suficiente para que sea ensayada toda la soldadura y a 3 (76.2
mm.) adyacente a cada lado del cordn de soldadura en el metal base.
Para las juntas soldadas, inspeccionar con transductor normal (ondas
longitudinales) el rea de barrido 3 (76.2 mm.) a travs del cual se ejecutar
el ensayo con ondas transversales.
VI.
A. Butt Joint
B. Corner and T Joints
C. Angle joints
13. Characterization of Indications
Once detected the presence of discontinuities in the region of interest, shall be
characterized by means of different movements of the transducers or probes:
13.1. Orbital movement, as shown in the foreground of the figure 6, the probe must
be rotated as orbiting around the discontinuity, if the indication remain with
little change the size and shape of the pulse will be proof that it is a spherical
discontinuity, i.e. a pore.
13.2. If in this orbital motion, the size of discontinuity signal drops rapidly, respect
to the size it was when the probe position was normal to the discontinuity, it
will indicate that it is a laminar type, see the background of the figure 6.
13.3. If a discontinuity having a predetermined length in the welding, but which has
a equivalent size with different angle probes (i.e. 45, 60, 70) and if
additionally the signal size drops rapidly when going with the probe of a
certain angle forward or backward slightly, these conditions will be a proof
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this discontinuity pipe type e.g. hollow bead or incomplete penetration in weld
joints welded by both sides, See S.10 of the figure 6.
14. Sizing of discontinuities
The sizing of the discontinuities will be made by means of the two techniques
Segn el Cdigo AWS D1.1 2010 CLAUSE VI, las uniones soldadas deben ser
shown in the figures 7 and 8:
evaluadas de la siguiente manera:
14.1. The height of the signal of a discontinuity defined as planar or laminar (i.e.
-Conexiones no tubulares, uniones soldadas sometidas a carga esttica deben
lack of fusion, cracks) will be approach determined by the technique
ser evaluadas con los criterios de aceptacin dados en la tabla 6.2 del Cdigo
described in the figure 7, going forward and backward slightly with the angle
(ver Anexo I).
beam search unit to determine the echo envelope shown on the screen.
-Conexiones no tubulares, uniones soldadas sometidas a carga cclica y esfuerzo
14.2. The discontinuity length will be determined by the technique of the 6dB drops
de traccin deben ser evaluadas con los criterios de aceptacin dados en la tabla
shown in the figure 8, the maximum indication size and the borders of the
6.3 del Cdigo (ver Anexo I).
discontinuity will be determined by the points where the echo size drops to
-Conexiones no tubulares, uniones soldadas sometidas a carga cclica y esfuerzo
50% of height on both sides thereof.
de compresin deben ser evaluadas con los criterios de aceptacin dados en la
tabla 6.2 del Cdigo (ver Anexo I).
15. Procedure Demostration
-Conexiones tubulares, uniones de ranura a tope en tuberas de dimetros de 24
The procedure shall be demonstrated before inspecting production welds mockups
(600 mm.) a ms; pueden ser evaluadas con la tabla 6.2 del Cdigo. ( ver Anexo
prepared for each type of join to inspect, in which side drill holes will make at
I).
critical points with the objective to show that the artificial reflectors will be detected,
examples of these mockups and the position of the side drill holes are shown in
1.1.13.
Reparaciones
the figure 9.
Todas las discontinuidades inaceptables deben ser removidas, reparadas y
reinspeccionadas mas un rea de 25 mm adyacentes a la reparacin de acuerdo con 16. Acceptance and reject criteria
el mismo procedimiento de ensayo utilizado.
For thicknesses less than 5/16 in (8 mm) or greater than 8 in (200mm) and for
1.1.14. Alcance de los Ensayos
thicknesses between 8 y 200 mm where this alternative technique is applied:
La informacin facilitada a los licitadores deber identificar claramente "la extensin de
NDT (tipos, categoras o ubicacin) de las soldaduras a ensayar.
Ensayo Completo. Juntas de soldadura que requieran ensayo por especificacin
1.1.15. Reporte
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D1.1).
Between the SSL and the DRL (See Figure S-14, AWS
D1.1)
3
Equal to or less than DRL (See Figure S-14, AWS
D1.1).
SSL: Standard Sensitivity level per clause 6.
DRL: Disregard level = dB less than SSL.
2
Weld Classes.- The following weld classes should be used for evaluation of
discontinuity acceptability.
Welding Classes
Description
S
Statically loaded structures.
D
Ciclically loaded structures.
R
Tubular structures (substitute for RT).
X
Tubular T, Y, K Connections.
Acceptance and reject criteria as shown in table S-1.
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Deben registrarse todas las indicaciones conforme a los requerimientos de este The repaired welds will be re-inspected and evaluated under the same acceptance
procedimiento en la evaluacin de resultados.
criteria.
En caso de que existan indicaciones para reparar, la conclusin en el reporte debe
indicar No aceptable y solo en este caso ser necesario emitir un congelado de la 17. Preparation and disposition of reports
17.1. A report shall be made which clearly identifies the work and the area of
pantalla. Por la reinspeccin de la zona reparada debe emitirse un informe con el
examination by the UT operator. The report as a minimum shall contain the
mismo numero que el reporte original adicionando la letra R mas el numero 1 y as
information shown on the sample report form Figure S-15 (AWS D1.1). See
sucesivamente tantas veces persista la reparacin.
annex 1.
ANNEX 1
Model of report
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a) Joint TC-U4b
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b) Joint BU4a-S
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For welded joints: bevel design and details of the board to be tested.
II. Transducers:
Select the transducer to be used according to Table 6.3 of Annex 2, as appropriate.
Check the exit point of the sonic flow and the angle of incidence of the angular
transducers for inspection of welded joints in the pattern IIW-TYPE 1 TYPE 2 O IIWblock, as appropriate.
III. Calibration Equipment
Calibrate equipment at an appropriate scale according to the thickness and according
to the specific techniques used for the determination of discontinuities in welded joints
and adjusting the sensitivity of the equipment. (See Annex I).
V. Scanning Area
For welds, determining the sweep area being traveled by the transducer enough to be
tested every welding and 3 "(76.2 mm.) Adjacent to each side of the weld seam in the
base metal.
For welds, inspecting normal transducer (wavelengths) swept area 3 "(76.2 mm.)
Through which the transverse waves test run.
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equipment.
b. Size of discontinuities
It must be determined according to the technique of 6 dB.
1.1.11. Marking defects in one piece
In the case of defects will be repaired, the inspector must identify them with ink in its
true dimension (location, width and depth) in the tested parts.
1.1.13. Repairs
All unacceptable discontinuities must be removed, repaired and reinspected over an
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area of 25 mm adjacent to the repair according to the same test procedure used.
1.1.14. Scope of Trials
The information provided to tenderers should clearly identify "the extent of NDT (types,
categories or location) of the welds to be tested.
Complete Test. Solder joints requiring trial by contractual specification are to be
tested in total, except long should a partial test indicated or located.
Partial Test. When partial test, the location and length of the welding or soldering
categories to be tested must be clearly designated in the contract documents specified.
Localized Test. When localized testing, the number of points in each category
designated weld to be tested by a set length of a particular segment welding or
soldering must be included in the information provided to bidders specified. Each test
should cover located at least 4 in [100 mm] of the length of the weld. When the test
reveals indications located unacceptable discontinuities requiring service, the extent of
such discontinuities must be scanned. Two additional areas located in the same
segment of the welded joint must be taken in places far from the original localized
area. The location of additional localized areas will be agreed between the contractor
and the inspector verification.
When either localized areas show additional defects that require repair, welding the
entire segment represented by the original localized area must be fully tested. If
welding is more than one segment, two additional areas located in each segment
should be tested in areas agreed by the Contractor and the verification Inspector,
subject to the above interpretation.
Needed information. END staff must, prior to testing, or be provided with access to
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relevant information on the geometries of the welded joint, material thickness and
welding processes used in the manufacture of the weldment. NDT personnel should be
informed of any post-weld repairs.
1.1.15. Report
All indications in accordance with the requirements of this procedure in the evaluation
of results should be recorded.
If there are indications for repair, the conclusion in the report should indicate "not
acceptable" and only in this case will be necessary to issue a frozen screen. By
reinspection of the repaired area should be issued a report with the same number as
the original report by adding the letter "R" plus the number "1" and so on as many
times persist repair.
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ANNEX I
I.
I. Objective
The aim of this procedure is to standardize the method of calibration and inspection
tests Ultrasound under the AWS D1.1 code -2010.
Objetivo.
El objetivo del siguiente procedimiento es el de estandarizar el mtodo
de calibracin e inspeccin para ensayos de Ultrasonido bajo el cdigo AWS
D1.1 -2010.
II. Calibracin Para el Ensayo.
2.0 Posicin del mando del Reject. Todas las calibraciones y ensayos debern
ser hechas con el mando del Reject apagado. El uso del mando del Reject
puede alterar la linealidad del equipo e invalidar el resultado del ensayo.
2.0 Position of control of the "Reject". All calibrations and tests shall be made with the
command of "Reject" off. The use of the command "Reject" can alter the linearity of the
equipment and void the test result.
2.1Tcnica. Calibration for sensitivity and the horizontal sweep (distance) must be
made by the operator of ultrasound for each solder joint inspection.
2.2 Recalibracin. La recalibracin debe ser hecha luego de cada cambio del
operador, o en un intervalo de cada 30 min como mximo o cuando el circuito
elctrico se perturbe por alguna de las siguientes causas:
2.2 Recalibration. Recalibration must be done after every change of the operator, or in
an interval of every 30 minutes at most, or when the circuit is disturbed by any of the
following causes:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Cambio de transductores
Cambio de bateras
Cambio de toma de energa elctrica
Cambio de cable coaxial
Falla en la fuente de poder
2.3 Ensayo del Metal Base por la Tcnica del Haz Normal. La calibracin del metal
base para el ensayo por la tcnica del haz normal deber ser hecha con un
transductor sobre la cara A del metal base y se realizara como sigue:
2.3 Test of the base metal by the normal beam technique. The calibration of the base
metal to the test by the normal beam technique must be made with a transducer on
"side A" of the base metal and will be held as follows:
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2.3.1 Sweep. The horizontal scan will be adjusted by the distance calibration screen
appearing on the equivalence of at least twice the thickness of the plate.
2.3.2 Sensitivity . The sensitivity is set to a free location of the indications so that the
first reflection is received from the far zone of the sheet is 50 to 80% of the screen
height .
2.4 Calibracin para ensayo por Haz Angular. La calibracin para el ensayo por la
tcnica del haz angular se realizar como sigue:
2.4 Calibration for assay Angle Beam . The calibration for the test by the technique of
angle beam shall be as follows :
2.4.1 Barrido Horizontal. El barrido horizontal deber ser ajustado de modo que se
represente la distancia del recorrido del sonido en la pantalla del equipo mediante
el uso del patrn IIW (Internacional Instituta of Welding) o patrones alternativos. La
distancia de calibracin deber ser hecha usando escalas de 5 pulg. (125mm) o
10 pulg. (250mm), la que sea ms apropiada.
Sin embargo si la configuracin de la junta o el espesor requiere la evaluacin
total de la soldadura, por cualquiera de ambos casos la distancia de calibracin
se har usando escalas de 15 o 20 pulgadas (400 o 500mm), segn como sea
requerido. La posicin del transductor se describe en 4.2.3
2.4.1 Horizontal Sweep . The horizontal sweep shall be adjusted so that the distance of
travel of sound in the computer screen using the standard IIW (International Instituta of
Welding ) or alternative patterns represent . The distance calibration shall be made
using 5 inch scales . (125mm ) or 10 inch . (250mm ) , whichever is more appropriate.
However, if the joint configuration or thickness requires full assessment of welding, for
either case the distance scale calibration is done using 15 or 20 inches ( 400 or
500mm) , according as required . The position transducer is described in 4.2.3.
Nota:
Note:
The horizontal location of all indications on the screen is based on the location of the
deviation on the left side of the horizontal base line.
2.4.2 Nivel de Referencia Zero. La sensibilidad del nivel de referencia zero usado
para la evaluacin de fallas es lograda ajustando el mando de ganancia del equipo
calibrado, de manera que en la pantalla se visualizara la una desviacin de la
lnea horizontal maximizada, de acuerdo con 4.2.4.
2.4.2 Reference Level Zero. The sensitivity of the zero reference level used for the
evaluation of fault is accomplished by adjusting the control gain is calibrated
equipment, so that on the display a deviation from the horizontal line maximized,
according to 4.2.4 was displayed.
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3.1 Lnea X. Una lnea X para la localizacin de fallas deber ser marcada en
la cara ensayada de la soldadura en una direccin paralela al eje de la soldadura.
La medida de la distancia perpendicular al eje de la soldadura est basada en las
dimensiones de las figuras y los detalles de los planos y usualmente las fallas se
ubican en la lnea central del bisel de la soldadura, en juntas a filete y en T todas
las fallas son cercanas a la cara que conecta a las partes (la cara opuesta a la
cara C).
3.1 Line "X". An "X" line to the fault location must be marked on the test side of the
weld in a direction parallel to the axis of the welding direction. Measuring the distance
perpendicular to the axis of the weld is based on the dimensions of the figures and the
detail of the fault planes and usually are located on the center line of the welding bevel,
fillet joints to "T" all faults are close to the face that connects
parts (the face opposite face C).
3.2 line "Y". A line "Y" together with an identification number of the weld should be
clearly marked on the base metal adjacent to the weld that is ultrasonically tested.
This mark is used for the following purposes: Identification of welding.
3.3 Limpieza. Todas las superficies que sern ensayadas debern estar libres de 3.3 Cleaning. All surfaces to be tested shall be free of weld splatter, dirt, grease, paint,
salpicaduras de soldadura, suciedad, grasa, pintura, aceite de manera que haya oil so that there is good coupling between the transducer and the test surface.
un buen acople entre el transductor y la superficie ensayada.
3.4 Acoplantes. Un material acoplante ser usado entre el transductor y el material
de ensayo.
El acoplante ser glicerina o goma celulosa y mezcla de agua de una consistencia
conveniente. Tambin puede usarse un agente hmedo si fuese necesario. Los
aceites de maquina pueden usarse como acoplantes en los bloques de
calibracin.
3.4 coupling. A coupling material will be used between the transducer and the test
material.
The coupling is glycerin or cellulose gum and water mixture in a convenient
consistency. A wet agent may also be used if necessary. Machine oils can be used as
coupling in blocks of calibration.
3.5 Extensin del Ensayo. Todo metal base a travs del cual el ultrasonido viaja
para evaluar una soldadura deber ser usado para detectar reflectores laminares,
mediante el uso de un transductor de haz normal calibrado en concordancia con
3.5 Extended Essay. All parent metal through which the ultrasound travels to evaluate a
weld must be used to detect lamellar reflectors using a normal beam transducer
calibrated in accordance with 2.3. If the entire area of the base metal has a total loss of
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2.3. Si toda el rea del metal base presenta una total perdida de la reflexin del
fondo o si una indicacin igual o mayor que la altura de reflexin de fondo original
es localizada en una posicin que interfiere con el procedimiento normal de
barrido de la soldadura, esto es tamao, localizacin y profundidad desde la cara
A se deber determinar y reportar en el reporte de ultrasonido y deber ser usado
una tcnica de barrido alternativo.
the reflection from the background or an indication equal to or greater than the height
of reflection of the original background is located at a position that interferes with the
normal scan procedure welding, namely size, location and depth from the "face a" shall
determine and report on the ultrasound report and should be used alternative scanning
technique.
3.5.1 Size Reflector. The size of lamellar discontinuities are not always easily
determined, especially if they are smaller than the size of the transducer. When the
discontinuity is larger than the size of the transducer occurs jointly total reflection loss
and a loss of 6 dB and the amplitude measure of the center line of the transducer is
usually reliable to determine the edges of the flaws. But assessing the size of those
reflectors that are smaller than the size of the transducer should be the top outside of
the discontinuity with calibrated to 2.3 and moving the transducer to the area of the
discontinuity until the display observe team a shape change of the reflection. The edge
taken from the transducer to this point is indicative of the edge of the discontinuity.
3.5.2 Inaccessibility. If part of the weld is inaccessible to the test in accordance with the
requirements of Table 6.6 of AWS D1.1 code -2010., Laminar due to content registered
in accordance with 3.5, the test shall be conducted using one or more of the following
alternative procedures as necessary to achieve substantive assessment of welding:
(1) the surface of the weld must be ground. (2) The test shall be conducted by the
faces A and B. (3) should be used transducers of different angles.
3.5.3 Testing of Welds. The welds must be tested using an angle beam transducer with
the calibrated according to 2.4 using an angle as shown in Table 6.6 -2010 AWS D1.1
computer code. During calibration and performance of the test is the only allowed
setting the sensitivity level by the gain control.
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The command of "reject" should be off. The sensitivity should be increased from the
baseline scan for welding according to Table 6.2 or 6.3 of AWS D1.1 code -2010, as
applicable.
3.5.3.1. Escaneo. El ngulo de ensayo y el procedimiento de escaneo debern 3.5.3.1. Scan. The test angle and the scan procedure should be in accordance with
estar de acuerdo con aquellos mostrados en la tabla 6.6 del cdigo AWS D1.1 those shown in Table 6.6 of AWS D1.1 code -2010.
-2010.
3.5.3.2 Bisel de las Juntas. Todos los biseles de las juntas soldadas sern
ensayados desde cada lado del eje de soldadura. Las juntas a filete y en T
debern ser ensayadas principalmente solo desde un lado del eje de soldadura.
Todas las soldaduras debern ser ensayadas usando las formas de escaneo
aplicables mostrados en la figura 6.24 del cdigo AWS D1.1 -2010 como sea
necesario para detectar fallas longitudinales y transversales. Se entiende que,
como mnimo, todas las soldaduras debern ser ensayadas por el paso del sonido
a travs de todo su volumen y por la zona afectada por el calor en dos direcciones
cruzadas, dondequiera que sea aplicable.
3.5.3.2 Boards bezel. All angled welded joints shall be tested from each side of the
weld axis. Fillet joints "T" must be tested mainly only from one side of the weld axis. All
welding must be tested using the methods applicable scan shown in Figure 6.24 -2010
AWS D1.1 code as necessary to detect longitudinal and transverse flaws . It is
understood that, at a minimum, all welds shall be tested by the passage of sound
through the entire volume and the heat affected in two crossed directions, wherever
applicable zone.
3.5.3.3 Attenuation Factor. The attenuation factor "c" in the test report is obtained by
subtracting 1 in. (25mm) of the sound path distance and multiplying the remainder by
2. This factor must be rounded up to nearby values in dB. Fractional values less than
dB shall be reduced to a lower level and those of dB dB or more increased at the
highest level.
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3.5.3.4 Magnitude of the indication. The magnitude of the indication "d" in ultrasound
report, is represented by the algebraic difference in decibels between the level of the
indication and the reference level with correction for attenuation as shown in the
following expressions:
3.5.4 Length of the fault. The following procedure shall be used for determining the
length of the entries when they are relevant magnitudes in decibels more than the
Class "D". The magnitude of such information must be determined by measuring the
distance the center line of the transducer located in the drop in amplitude to 50% of the
screen (6dB) lower than the magnitude of the fault class applies. The length should be
recorded as "Length of discontinuity" in the test report. This procedure is repeated to
determine the defect classes A, B and C.
3.5.5 Basis for acceptance or rejection. Each discontinuity in the weld shall be
accepted or rejected on the basis of the size of the display and this is the length in
accordance with Table 6.2 of AWS D1.1 code -2010 for structures with static load or
Table 6.3 of the same to structures with cyclic loading, whichever is applicable.
Only those discontinuities that are objectionable are recorded in the test report, except
welds designated in the contract documents such as the "fracture critical" acceptable
they are within 6 dB, including the minimum rejectable value should be recorded in the
report assay.
3.5.6 Identificacin del rea rechazada. Cada discontinuidad rechazable deber 3.5.6 Identification of the rejected area. Each rejectable discontinuity must be indicated
ser indicada en la soldadura por una marca directamente sobre la discontinuidad in the welding mark directly on the discontinuity in its entire length. The depth from the
en toda su longitud. La profundidad desde la superficie y la longitud de la surface and the length of the display must be recorded close to the base metal.
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Ver fig. 6.22, 6.23 6.26 del cdigo AWS D1.1 -2010.
Ver fig. 6.22, 6.23 6.26 del cdigo AWS D1.1 -2010.
(2) El equipo debe ser ajustado para producir indicaciones con 1, 2, 3, etc. en la
pantalla.
(2) El equipo debe ser ajustado para producir indicaciones con 1, 2, 3, etc en la
pantalla.
4.1.2 Amplitud
4.1.2 Amplitud
(1) el transductor deber ser colocado en la posicin G sobre el bloque patrn IIW.
(1) el transductor deber ser colocado en la posicin G sobre el bloque patrn IIW.
(2) la ganancia deber ser ajustada hasta la mxima indicacin desde la primera
reflexin obtenida hasta un 50 a 75% de la altura de la pantalla.
(2) la ganancia deber ser ajustada hasta la mxima indicacin desde la primera
reflexin obtenida hasta un 50 a 75% de la altura de la pantalla.
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4.1.3 Resolution
(1) el transductor deber ser colocado en la posicin F sobre el bloque patrn IIW. (1) the transducer must be placed in the F position on the IIW block pattern.
(2) el transductor y el instrumento debern tener una capacidad de resolucin para (2) the transducer and the instrument shall have a resolution for the three distances.
las tres distancias.
4.1.4 Calificacin de la Linealidad Horizontal. La linealidad horizontal del
equipo de ultrasonido deber ser recalificada luego de cada 40 horas de uso del
equipo en cada rango de distancias en los que ser usado.
4.1.4 Rating the Horizontal Linearity. The horizontal linearity of the ultrasound
equipment must be requalified after every 40 hours of use of the equipment in each
range of distances in which it will be used.
4.2.1 Index Point. El punto por donde entra el haz de sonido (index point) deber
ser localizado o chequeado por los siguientes procedimientos:
(1) el transductor deber ser colocado en la posicin D en el bloque patrn IIW.
Index Point 4.2.1. The point where it enters the sound beam (index point) shall be
located or checked by the following:
(1) The transducer must be placed in the "D" position in the IIW block pattern.
(2) The transducer must be moved to the maximum reflection. The point at which the
transducer is aligned with the maximum reflection line in the calibration block is the
entry point of the sound.
4.2.2 Angulo. El ngulo del transductor deber ser chequeado o determinado por
uno de los siguientes procedimientos:
(1) el transductor deber estar en la posicin B sobre el bloque IIW para ngulos
entre 40 y 60, o en la posicin C para ngulos entre 60 y 70.
4.2.2 Angle. The angle of the transducer must be checked or determined by one of the
following procedures :
(1) The transducer must be in the "B" position on the IIW block for angles between 40
and 60 , or the "C" position for angles between 60 and 70 .
(2) To the selected angle, the transducer must be moved from side to side of the line
indicative of the angle of the transducer until the signal is maximum radius. The entry
point of the sound in the transducer must be compared with the angle mark on the
calibration block (tolerance 2 ).
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4.2.3 Method of Calibrating the Distance. The transducer should be opposed in the "D"
on the IIW block (to any angle) position. The team will be adjusted to achieve
indications to 4 inches and 8 inches or 9 inches at the 4 and 9 inch screen to block
type 1, or 4 and 8 in. for Type 2 block.
4.2.5 Resolucin
4.2.5 Resolution
(1) the transducer should be placed on the RC block pattern resolution in Q position to
an angle of 70 in the R position to an angle of 60 or S position to an angle of 45 .
4.2.6 Distance of transducer approach. The minimum acceptable distance between the
transducer tip and edge of the IIW block shall be as follows:
For transducer 70,
X = 2 inches.
(2) the transducer and the team should be able to detect all three holes, at least the
ability to distinguish the signs of the peaks of the three holes.
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The following procedure will be used for qualifying the horizontal linearity of equipment:
The following procedure will be used for qualifying the vertical linearity of the team:
(1) a normal transducer which will be placed in the position of the block pattern T DS is
used ( see fig. 6.26 of AWS D1.1 code -2010 )
(2) The control of distance calibration will be adjusted so that in the first 2 -inch (50mm)
reflections (henceforth called indications) displayed on the middle of the screen
horizontally.
(3) The gain control should be set so that the indications this exactly or slightly below
40 % of the screen height.
(1) a normal transducer which be put in the G (block IIW), T or U (in the DS block) was
used (see fig 6.26. AWS D1.1 code -2010) so that five reflections obtained in the
qualifying range.
(2) The first and last thought is in the correct position adjusted with adjusting knobs and
Zero Calibration away on the computer.
(3) Each statement must be adjusted to the reference level with the gain control for
horizontal location.
(4) Intermediate indications location must not exceed by more than 2% of the width of
the screen.
(4) The transducer should be moved to the U position, see fig. 6.26 Code AWS D1.1 2010, until the indication that exactly 40% of the screen height.
(5) The amplitude of the sound must be increased by 6 dB with gain control of the
team. Theoretically the level of the reference shall be exactly 80 % of the screen
height.
(6) The decibel reading should be recorded as "a" and the current height of the display
as "b" (step 5) in the certification report (Form D-8).
(7) The transducer will move beyond to the U position, Figure 6.26 AWS D1.1 Code -
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AWS D1.1 - 2010, hasta que la indicacin este al 40% de la altura de la pantalla.
(8) Repetir el paso 5.Repetir el paso 6, excepto la informacin que ser colocada en
la siguiente lnea del formato D-8.
(9) Los pasos 7, 8 y 9 sern repetidos consecutivamente hasta alcanzar el
lmite de la ganancia del equipo (60dB como mnimo).
(10) La informacin de las columnas a y b sern usadas para la aplicacin de
la ecuacin siguiente y obtener los decibeles corregidos:
Donde:
Where:
Los decibeles corregidos obtenidos del paso (11) sern usados para el
llenado de la columna c
(12) Los valores de la columna c debern ser restados de los valores de la
columna a cuyo resultado ser usado para el llenado de la columna d como el
error en dB.
Nota: estos valores pueden ser positivos o negativos.
The corrected decibels obtained in step (11 ) will be used to fill the column "c"
(13) Toda esta informacin debe ser tabulada en el formato incluyendo la mnima
informacin equivalente desplegada en el formato D8, y la informacin de la
unidad evaluada conforme a las instrucciones mostradas en este formato.
(14) El formato D9 provee una medida relativa simple de los datos de evaluacin
del tem 14. Las instrucciones para su aplicacin se dan en los siguientes tems.
(15) La informacin de la columna e en dB (del formato D8) deber ser
(13) All this information should be tabulated in the format including the minimum
equivalent information displayed in the "D8" format, and unit information evaluated
according to the instructions in this format.
(14) "D9" format provides a simple relative measure of the evaluation data of item 14.
The instructions for use are given in the following items.
(15) The information in the column "e" in dB (the "D8" format) must be applied on the
(12) The values in column "c" must be subtracted from the values in column "a" the
result will be used to fill the column "d" as the error in dB.
Note: These values may be positive or negative.
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vertical axis and readings from the column "a" on the horizontal axis and the
coordinates of the curve plotted in "D9" format.
(16) Extending the length, that is represented by the difference in decibels, which can
be inscribed in a rectangle representing 2dB height, denote the decibel range of
equipment satisfies the conditions of the code. The minimum acceptable range is
60dB.
(17) a computer that meets the minimum requirements, provided that the correction
factors are developed and used to evaluate defects outside the range of acceptability
of linearity of the instrument, or in rehearsal Repeat step 6 can be used, except for the
information to be placed on the next line of "D8" format.
(18) Steps 7, 8 and 9 will be repeated consecutively to the limit of the computer gain
(60dB minimum).
(19) The information in columns "a" and "b" will be used for the application of the
equation and get the corrected decibels:
Donde:
Where:
(20) Los decibeles corregidos obtenidos del paso (11) sern usados para el
llenado de la columna c
(21) Los valores de la columna c debern ser restados de los valores de la
columna a cuyo resultado ser usado para el llenado de la columna d como el
(20) The corrected decibels obtained in step (11 ) will be used to fill the column "c"
(21) The values in column "c" must be subtracted from the values in column "a" the
result will be used to fill the column "d" as the error in dB.
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