Formulario Cuali
Formulario Cuali
Formulario Cuali
Reacciones ácido-base
𝐾𝑤
pH + pOH = 14 w= 𝐾𝑤 = 𝐾𝑎. 𝐾𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑟 á𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜−𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑜 = 1x10-14
x
𝐾𝑤 𝐾𝑤
[H3 O+ ] = [OH] =
[𝑂𝐻] [H3 O+ ]
𝑋2 𝑋2
𝐾𝑎 = 𝐾𝑏 =
𝐶𝑜−𝑥 𝐶𝑜−𝑥
𝐶𝑜+√𝐾𝑎2 +4 𝐾𝑤 𝐾𝑤
[H3 O+ ] = 𝑤=
2 𝑥
𝑋2 𝑋2
𝐾𝑎 = → 𝑥 = √𝐶𝑜𝐾𝑎 𝐾𝑏 = → 𝑥 = √𝐶𝑜𝐾𝑏
𝐶𝑜 𝐶𝑜−𝑥
PH anfótero
Ácidos Poliproticos
𝑋2
𝐾𝑎1 = →𝑥 𝑥𝑤 = 𝐾𝑤
𝐶𝑜−𝑥
𝐾𝑎2 = 𝑦 → 𝑦 𝑝𝐻 = −log[𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 𝑤]
𝑧𝑥 𝐾𝑎3 − 𝐾𝑎2
𝐾𝑎3 = →𝑧=
𝐾𝑎2 𝑥
Soluciones Amortiguadoras
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑎]𝑒𝑞 [𝐵 + ]
pH = pKa + log 𝑝𝐻 = 14 − 𝑝𝐾𝑏 + log
[á𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜]𝑒𝑞 [𝑆𝑎𝑙]
[á𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑎]𝑒𝑞
pOH = pKa + log [á𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑜] + [𝑠𝑎𝑙] = [𝐵𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟]
[𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒]𝑒𝑞
Grado de Ionización
x −Ka+√Ka2 +4Ka.Co
α= → x = αCo α=
Co 2
x αh2 .Co
%α = x100 Kh = Kb =
Co (1−αh)
α2 Co
Ka =
(1 − α)