Calculo de Cargabilidad en Transformadores de Medida Rev B PDF
Calculo de Cargabilidad en Transformadores de Medida Rev B PDF
Calculo de Cargabilidad en Transformadores de Medida Rev B PDF
B
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Descripción: S.E.EL HIERRO Y LÍNEA DE TRANSMISIÓN 220 kV
CALCULO DE CARGABILIDAD EN
TRANSFORMADORES DE MEDIDA
Documento No.:
992481-6700-D-E-MC-0012
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ÍNDICE
1 INTRODUCCIÓN .................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 OBJETIVO ............................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 ALCANCES ............................................................................................................................................................ 3
1.3 NORMAS APLICABLES ........................................................................................................................................ 3
2 CARACTERISTICAS GEOGRAFICAS ................................................................................. 3
3 CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL SISTEMA ELÉCTRICO .............................................................. 3
4 SELECCIÓN DE TRANSFORMADORES DE CORRIENTE ................................................. 4
4.1 CORRIENTE DEL PRIMARIO DEL TRANSFORMADOR .................................................................................... 4
4.2 CORRIENTE DEL SECUNDARIO DEL TRANSFORMADOR ............................................................................. 5
4.3 CARGABILIDAD DE LOS TRANSFORMADORES DE CORRIENTE ................................................................. 5
4.4 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS TRANSFORMADORES DE CORRIENTE .......................................................... 6
5 SELECCIÓN DE TRANSFORMADORES DE TENSIÓN ...................................................... 6
5.1 RELACIÓN DE TRANSFORMACIÓN ................................................................................................................... 6
5.2 CARGABILIDAD DE LOS TRANSFORMADORES DE TENSIÓN....................................................................... 6
5.3 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS TRANSFORMADORES DE TENSIÓN ............................................................... 7
6 CONCLUCIONES................................................................................................................... 7
7 ANEXOS ...................................................................................... 7
CALCULO DE CARGABILIDAD EN 992481‐6700‐D‐E‐MC‐0012 Rev. B
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CALCULO DE CARGABILIDAD EN
TRANSFORMADORES DE MEDIDA
1 INTRODUCCIÓN
1.1 OBJETIVO
El desarrollo de este documento tiene como objetivo, determinar las características de los transformadores de corriente y
tensión para la subestación El Hierro en 220 kV.
1.2 ALCANCES
Para establecer las características de los equipos de medición de la subestación, se empleará la norma IEC 185 “Current
Transformer”.
2 CARACTERISTICAS GEOGRAFICAS
La S.E. El Hierro se encuentra ubicada en el asiento minero Marcona - Shougang (Mina - San Nicolás), Provincia de Nazca,
Departamento de Ica. El área del Proyecto está comprendida al interior de la zona de influencia de la Nueva Planta
Beneficio.
Las características climatológicas y geográficas en el área del proyecto, son las siguientes:
Altura : 114 msnm
Temperatura Mínima : 5 °C
Temperatura Máxima : 40 ° C
Contaminación Ambiental : Muy severa carácter salino
Humedad relativa media : 50%/90%
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El procedimiento empleado para la selección de la corriente del primario del transformador de potencia es el siguiente:
Cálculo de la corriente de carga por el Transformador de Corriente (I1). La selección de la corriente de carga del
Transformador de corriente de las celdas de salida y llegada de Línea se calcula con el flujo de carga máxima que
pasará por dicho transformador de corriente.
La fórmula empleada para el cálculo de la corriente es la siguiente:
I1= S/(√3xV)
Donde:
S: Potencia Total de consumo
V: Tensión de operación del Sistema
Para Validar la corriente calculada y que el transformador de corriente no se sature ante eventos de cortocircuito, se
calcula la corriente máxima por el devanado del primario
La fórmula empleada para el cálculo de la corriente es el siguiente:
I2= Icc/(N)
Donde:
I2: Corriente máxima a soportar por el TC sin saturarse
N: Es el número de veces la corriente nominal previsto para el error del TC de protección; para nuestro caso es 5p20; entonces N=20.
Considerando un incremento de la corriente de cortocircuito del 50%, por el crecimiento del sistema, se tiene 1.5x5.62=8.43
kA; considerándose 8,5 kA y que corresponde a la proyección a 11 años del sistema.
De ambas corrientes determinadas I1 y I2 se selecciona el mayor valor normalizado para corriente en el primario del
transformador de corriente.
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La potencia máxima a transmitir en la bahía de salida de llegada de la SE Marcona, corresponde a la potencia de los dos
transformadores de potencia de 220/22,9kV los cuales son de 132MVA cada uno, haciendo un total de 264MVA y en
220kV, 694A, esta vendría a ser la corriente de carga en la condiciones de máxima carga.
Por otro lado la corriente de cortocircuito al año 2016 es de 5.62kA, con un incremento del 50%, sería 8,50kA, y esto nos da
una corriente de 425A.
La norma IEC 185 “Current Transformer” estandariza las intensidades nominales en el secundario a valores de 1 y 5 A.
La corriente en el secundario de los transformadores se ha elegido 1 A, pues permite menores valores de potencias en los
transformadores de medida.
4.3 CARGABILIDAD DE LOS TRANSFORMADORES DE CORRIENTE
La cargabilidad de los núcleos de los transformadores de corriente se obtiene sumando los consumos totales que se
originan desde el borne del transformador hasta el relé o medidor, tales como; consumo de los relés, consumo del cable de
conexión.
La potencia en estado normal de consumo del transformador de corriente se calcula conforme a la siguiente ecuación:
P ( Rr 2 xRc xL ) xI S2 VA.
Simplificando:
Burdentotal BurdenRr 2 xBurdenRc VA.
Dónde:
Burden total: Potencia Total de consumo por la impedancia equivalente en bornes del TC.
Rr: Resistencia del Relé de protección o equipo de medida.
Rc: Resistencia del cable, ohm/m; se considera un cable N2XSY 4x4 mm²
L: Longitud del cable desde el transformador de corriente hasta el gabinete, en metros.
Is : Corriente que circula en el devanado secundario (1 A )
En el cuadro siguiente se presenta el burden total de los Transformadores de corriente y la cargabilidad del Transformador.
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La relación de transformación de los transformadores de tensión es seleccionada con la tensión nominal del sistema y las
tensiones normalizadas de los equipos, para nuestro caso es 115V.
Tensión
Descripción Relación de Transformación
(kV)
La cargabilidad de los núcleos de los transformadores de tensión se obtiene sumando los consumos totales que se originan
desde el borne del transformador hasta el relé o medidor, tales como; consumo de los relés, consumo del cable de
conexión.
La potencia en estado normal de consumo del transformador se calcula conforme la siguiente ecuación:
Vs 2
P VA.
( Rr 2 xRc xL)
Simplificando:
Burdentotal BurdenRr 2 xBurdenRc VA.
Dónde:
Burden total: Potencia Total de consumo por la impedancia equivalente en bornes del TT
Rr: Resistencia del Relé de protección
Rc: Resistencia del cable, ohm/m; se considera un cable N2XSY 4x4 mm²
L: Longitud del cable desde el transformador de tensión hasta el gabinete, en metros.
Vs : Tensión en el devanado secundario 115/√3
CALCULO DE CARGABILIDAD EN 992481‐6700‐D‐E‐MC‐0012 Rev. B
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En el cuadro siguiente se presenta el burden total de los Transformadores de tensión y la cargabilidad del Transformador:
Cuadro N° 6 Cargabilidad de los Transformadores de Tensión
Tensión Longitud Rc Rr Burden Tension Pot-Traf
Descripción Cargab.
(kV) Cable "L" (m) ohm/m ohm (total) Burden (VA) Burden (VA) Total Secd. (V) VA
Bahía Llegada 220 60.00 0.0050 0.2970 0.0672 15.00 15.13 66.40 30 50.45%
Notas:
El valor de Rr se tomó considerando el IED de mayor carga (ver anexo 7.0). Los IEDs considerados son los siguientes:
- Relé de protección REC 670 (tanto principal como respaldo).
- Medidor de energía ION 7650.
Según la norma IEC 186 para asegurar la precisión de los transformadores el burden debe de estar entre el 25 % y el 100
% del burden total.
5.3 CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LOS TRANSFORMADORES DE TENSIÓN
En el cuadro siguiente se presenta el resumen de características de los transformadores de tensión del proyecto:
Cuadro N° 7 Características de los Transformadores de Tensión
Tensión Potencia Clase
Descripción Relación de Transformación
(kV) (VA) Medición Protección
Bahía
220 2x50 VA 1xCl 0,2 1x3P
Llegada
6 CONCLUCIONES
De lo visto anteriormente los transformadores de medición cumplen con los requerimientos de carga que se colocarán en
sus bornes (relés y medidor multifunción)
7 ANEXOS
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TRAN option
Features Summary
Measurements
Exceeds Class 0.2 revenue accuracy
Instantaneous 3-phase voltage, current, frequency,
Applications Summary power factor
Energy: bi-directional, absolute, net, time-of-use,
Compliance Monitoring loss compensation
Use the ION 7650 meter to summarize power quality Demand: rolling block, predicted, thermal
measurements into simple pass/fail indicators. Harmonics: individual and total harmonic
Monitor compliance with international standards such distortion up to the 63rd (511th in software)
as EN50160, IEC 61000-4-7 (harmonics), and IEC Transient detection: 17us at 60Hz,
61000-4-15 (flicker). Or configure the unit for IEEE (20us at 50Hz) and sag/swell recording
519-1992, IEEE 1159 and SEMI F47.
Integrated display model
Internet-Enabled Communications
Disturbance Analysis WebMeter, MeterM@il® allow distribution of
Maintain revenue accuracy at the regular measurement metered data and alarms over the Internet
range while simultaneously capturing large-scale Optional built-in modem with ModemGate allows
Intelligent Metering and disturbances other meters can miss. Discover the modem access for 31 other devices
Control Devices sources of power quality events, harmonics, sags and 10Base-T or 10Base-FL Ethernet port option with
swells. Analyze problems; avoid repeat interruptions. EtherGate allows for direct data transfer from
Ethernet to RS-485
Used at key distribution points and sensitive loads, the Cost Allocation and Billing
Two RS-485 ports, one switchable to RS-232
ION® 7550 and ION® 7650 meters offer unmatched Determine cost centers, identify demand control
One ANSI Type 2 front panel optical port
functionality including advanced power quality opportunities and check energy consumption patterns.
Modbus RTU/TCP and DNP 3.0 support
analysis coupled with revenue accuracy, multiple Demand and Power Factor Control Modbus Master support
communications options, web compatibility, and Avoid penalties with automated load shedding,
control capabilities. scheduling, peak shaving or capacitor bank control. On-Board Data Logging
Scheduled or event-driven logging
The meters come with an extensive selection of Load Studies/Circuit Optimization Sequence-of-events, min/max, waveform, faults,
pre-configured data screens and measurements that you Determine the capacity of your electric network and run and transient logging
can use right out of the box or customize to fit your at peak efficiency. Perform load trending.
unique requirements. Setpoints for Control and Alarms
Equipment Monitoring and Control Setpoint on any parameter or condition
For an enterprise energy management solution, the Improve process yields and extend equipment life. 1 second or 1/2 cycle operation
meters can be integrated with our ION EEM software, Extensive analog and digital I/O enables system
ION Enterprise® software, or other energy management Inputs and Outputs
monitoring and control.
and SCADA systems via multiple communication Standard format includes 8 digital inputs,
Preventative Maintenance 3 Form C relay outputs (electromechanical) for
channels and protocols.
Set up alarms to warn of pending problems. Log control functions, and 4 Form A digital outputs
Patented ION technology lets you customize metering events and alarms for all critical conditions. (solid state) for pulse functions
or analysis functions at your workstation, without any Also available with 8 additional digital inputs, 4
Integrated Utility Metering analog outputs, and/or 4 analog inputs
hard-wiring. Just graphically link a few drag-and-drop
Collect, scale, and log water, air, gas, electricity, and
icons, or select default setups, and you're ready to go. Multi-user, Multi-level Security
steam readings from connected meters or transducers,
and deliver the information to head-end systems. Access to meter information can be controlled and
customized for up to 16 designated users with
Not all features listed are available with every model. Instrument Transformer Correction security levels ranging from read access up to
Please refer to the detailed descriptions within for a Use the meter's ITC feature to correct for less accurate administrative rights.
complete list of feature availability. transformers, saving money and improving accuracy.
7550 | 7650
2
Phase reversal
Performance Indicators Coincident Min/Max Recording Multiple display formats are available, including bar
The meters can be configured to monitor a wide range graphs with min/max indicators
Log the values of key parameters or equipment
of utility performance indicators, including: conditions coincident with an extreme condition,
Total outage time (in seconds) complete with date/time stamping. For example,
Out-of-tolerance duration for total harmonic record all feeder voltages and currents at the
distortion, voltage, frequency, power factor and moment a peak demand condition occurs.
hundreds of other definable indices Time Synchronization and GPS
Harmonic Distortion Metering A real-time clock allows internal events and data
Complete harmonic distortion metering, recording and records to be date-stamped and time-stamped to
real-time reporting, up to the 63rd harmonic (511th for millisecond resolution. The clock can be synchronized
ION 7650 via ION Enterprise software) for all voltage to any one of three sources:
and current inputs. The meter's internal crystal (+/- 5ppm @ 0° to
Individual harmonics (including magnitude, phase 40°C, 32° to 104°F )
and inter-harmonics for the ION 7650) The line frequency of the electrical network being
metered, which is accurate to 3 seconds per month Vector diagram with magnitude and phase angle can help
Total even harmonics and total odd harmonics
(+/- 1 ppm) reduce installation time
Total harmonics (even + odd)
K-factor, Crest factor An external GPS receiver with an accuracy of +/- 1
millisecond
Symmetrical Components* The serial port used for GPS time synchronization is
Zero, negative and positive sequences including dedicated exclusively as a GPS input.
phase and magnitude for voltage and current inputs.
Identify harmful voltage and current unbalances in Logic, Math and Control
equipment before they cause damage. Perform on-board calculations on any measured
Sag/Swell Detection value, calculate true quantities from pulse inputs (e.g.
The ION 7550 and ION 7650 meters’ sag/swell capture BTUs) and calculate transformer loss compensation
capability can help you analyze the severity/potential values. You can also implement real-time billing
impact of sags and swells. schemes.
Magnitude and duration data suitable for plotting Mathematical Functions
on voltage tolerance curves Define formulas using the following operators: View THD and individual harmonics through the front
Per-phase triggers for waveform recording or panel display screen
Arithmetic (+, x, -, ÷)
control operations
Comparison (>, <, =, ≥, ≤, ≠)
Transient Capture* Logical (AND, OR, NOT, TRUE, FALSE, IF)
The ION 7650 meter can detect and record Trigonometric (SIN, COS, TAN, ASIN, ACOS, ATAN)
sub-cycle transients as short as 17us at 60Hz
Math (PI, SQRT, POWER, SUM, SUMSQ, AVG, RMS, LOG10,
(20us at 50Hz)
LN, MAX, MIN)
Software Integration Modbus Master write capability lets you perform Communications
Extensive communication capabilities enable the functions such as controlling remote I/O points,
Multi-Port, Multi-Protocol Access
meters to be easily integrated into Power Measurement’s resetting setpoint or configuration parameters on
Simultaneous communication on up to 4 ports
software or with other energy management and PLCs, and simple data exchange with other
provides secure data sharing with a variety of energy
distribution control systems. information systems.
management systems using a choice of
communication standards and protocols.
ION® EEM Software Internet Connectivity
The meters can be integrated with ION® EEM software, RS-232/RS-485 Port
an enterprise level software suite that satisfies a full MeterM@il®
Selectable between RS-232 and RS-485
spectrum of energy management needs, from Meters equipped with an Ethernet port can
automatically email alarm notifications or scheduled Protocols: ION, DNP 3.0, Modbus RTU,
operational cost reductions to procurement support GPS, EtherGate, ModemGate,
to cost allocation, benchmarking and budgeting. system-status updates. MeterM@il messages can be
received like any email message, at a workstation, cell or Modbus Master
ION Enterprise® Software phone, pager or PDA. Data logs can also be sent on Baud rate: 300 bps to 115,200 bps
The meters are compatible with our Windows-based ION an event-driven or scheduled basis via email, while RS-485 Port
Enterprise operations software, which displays real-time conveniently accommodating firewall Protocols: ION, DNP 3.0, Modbus RTU,
and logged data and offers manual control/configuration restrictions. GPS, EtherGate, ModemGate,
capabilities. It provides enterprise-wide data sharing in a or Modbus Master
secure networked environment. WebMeter®
An on-board Web server, combined with an Ethernet Baud rate: 300 bps to 57,600 bps
ION Setup Software port, offers quick and easy access to real-time energy Infrared Data Port
Both meters are further enhanced by free and basic power quality information without special The ANSI Type 2 compliant optical port can download
ION Setup for Windows, a user-friendly setup software. Built-in web pages display a range of energy
assistant and software solution that displays real-time real-time data to a portable PC.
and basic power quality information through any Protocols: ION, Modbus RTU, DNP 3.0
data from your power monitoring devices and
web-enabled device and even support basic meter
provides device configuration capabilities. Baud rate: 1200 bps to 19,200 bps
configuration tasks.
Modbus Master XML Compatibility
Internal Modem
The meters can read and write data to Modbus slave Available internal telephone modem features fast
The meters can also exchange information using
devices through a designated serial port. This powerful connect time and ModemGate, a gateway letting up to
industry-standard XML format. Its simple
feature allows meters to collect data from Modbus 31 additional devices share a meter’s internal modem
machine-readable format supports easy integration
devices, process it, then deliver condensed information via the remaining serial ports.
with custom reporting, spreadsheet, database and
in a variety of ways. Protocols: ION, Modbus RTU and DNP 3.0
other applications.
Modbus Master read ability lets you acquire data Baud rate: Up to 33.6 kbps
from nearby low-cost meters, which can be filed in Ethernet Port
on-board memory, presented on the graphical display Optional 10Base-T or 10Base-FL port offers direct
or monitored using built-in setpoints. access through an Ethernet LAN/WAN and features
EtherGate, which permits the direct transfer of data
between an Ethernet network and up to 62 devices via
the meter’s two serial ports.
Protocols: TCP/IP, ION, Modbus TCP, DNP 3.0,
Telnet
NTP, DNS, and SMTP
Baud rate: Up to 10 Mbps
Interoperability
Concurrent communications ability via multiple
protocols allows you to use the advanced features of
either meter to extend an existing Modbus, DNP or ION
software network. Logs and real-time values are also
available through Modbus.
UTS Software Support
The meters are fully compatible with UTS software
platforms including MV-90, MVP, MVRS, MVLT and
MVCOMM, and offer a direct Ethernet connection to
MV-90.
Flash-Based Firmware
Perform upgrades via communications without
removing the meter from the site.
4
Inputs/Outputs Dimensions
Standard digital and optional analog I/O let you
monitor a wide range of conditions, such as flow rates, Front view Front view, TRAN model
RPM, fluid levels, oil pressures and transformer
temperatures. You can output energy pulses to an RTU or
perform equipment control operations. The ION 7550 can
also be ordered in an optional, dedicated Remote Terminal
Unit (RTU) configuration. Please see the ION 7550 RTU
Option datasheet for more information.
Digital Inputs/Outputs
8 digital inputs can monitor status or count pulses
from external “volts free” dry contact
4 solid state output ports and 3 on-board relays
can be controlled automatically
by internal setpoints or manually via a
communications port
Analog Inputs/Outputs
Either meter can be equipped with an optional analog
I/O card featuring: Side view, TRAN model
Side view
8 digital inputs
4 analog inputs accepting 0 to 1mA or 0 to 20mA
(scalable from 4 to 20mA)
4 analog outputs accepting -1 to 1mA or
0 to 20mA (scalable from 4 to 20mA)
4 analog inputs accepting 0 to 20mA and 4 analog
output accepting 0 to 20mA
4 analog inputs accepting 0 to 1mA and 4 analog
outputs accepting -1 to 1mA
Contact Power Measurement for I/O combinations
supported.
Mounting
The meters can be panel-mounted in a single DIN
standard 186mm x 186mm cutout.
Bezel size: 192mm x 192mm (DIN)
A distance of 160mm (61/2 inches) clearance is
required behind the panel (plus allowance for
connectors and cables)
An adapter plate is available to facilitate the
conversion from our 3000 series meters to the ION
7550 and ION 7650 meters. Please contact us for
more information.
TRAN models have no integrated display and can be
flush-mounted against any flat surface.
* Available only on ION 7650 5
7550 | 7650
Shipping
EN55022 (CISPR 22)
Power Supply Radiated/Conducted Emissions for information
Standard: AC: 85 to 240VAC (+/-10%), 47 to 63Hz; 7.1 lbs / 3.2 kg
technology (IT) equipment
DC: 110 to 300VDC (+/-10%) 17 x 10 x 11 inches (0.98 cu. ft.)
EN61000-6-4 (EN50081-2) Electromagnetic Compatibility,
Burden: Typical 15VA, Max 35VA 40.8 x 24 x 27.9 cm (0.0235 cu. m)
emissions standards for industrial environment
Optional: Low Voltage DC Power Supply
Display
Rated inputs: DC: 20 to 60VDC (+/- 10%)
Type: FSTN Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Burden: Typical 12VA, Max 18VA
Resolution: 320 x 240 pixels (1/4 VGA)
Dielectric withstand: 2000VAC RMS, 60Hz for 1 min.
Temperature: Operating range
Ride-through: Min: 100ms (6 cycles at 60Hz at
-20°C to +70°C (-4°F to 158°F)
96VAC), 200ms (12 cycles at 60Hz at 120VAC), 800ms
Backlight: LED
(48 cycles at 60Hz at 240VAC)
* Pending 7
7550 | 7650
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Reference value:
The specified value of an influencing factor to which are referred the characteristics of the equipment.
Nominal range:
The range of values of an influencing quantity (factor) within which, under specified conditions, the equipment meets the
specified requirements.
Operative range:
The range of values of a given energizing quantity for which the equipment, under specified conditions, is able to perform
its intended functions according to the specified requirements.
Auxiliary DC voltage
Table 8: PSM - Power supply module
Quantity Rated value Nominal range
Auxiliary dc voltage, EL (input) EL = (24 - 60) V EL ± 20%
EL = (90 - 250) V EL ± 20%
Power consumption 50 W typically -
Auxiliary DC power in-rush < 5 A during 0.1 s -