OTROS

Delexical verbs (Delexical verbos)
Delexical verbs son verbos comunes como "have", "take", "make" o "give" que cuando se usan
con sustantivos particulares tienen muy poco significado propio. En estas estructuras la mayor parte
del significado se encuentra en el sustantivo, no en el verbo. En la mayoría de casos, hay un verbo
que tiene un significado similar o igual a la estructura "delexical". En muchos casos, hay verbos y
estructuras equivalentes en español (ver los ejemplos). Estas estructuras son muy comunes en ingles
y una comprensión de ellas enriquecerá la fluidez de la lengua.
El uso de estas estructuras permite añadir información adicional a la acción mediante del uso
deadjetivos, en lugar de un adverbio, que a veces puede sonar torpe.
Echemos un vistazo a algunos ejemplos con estos verbos.
Have
"Have" indica posesión, pero cuando se utiliza en estructuras "delexical", el sentido cambia.
Podemos utilizar "have" cuando hablamos de las comidas, las conversaciones y los desacuerdos,
lavado o descansos.
• Ejemplos:
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We have breakfast every morning at 8 o'clock. (Desayunamos cada mañana a las 8.)
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Let's have a drink! (¡Tomemos una copa!)
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They had an argument last night. (Tuvieron una discusión anoche.)
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John had a hot shower after his day out in the cold. (John tuvo una ducha caliente después de un
día en el frío.)
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I'm not happy. We need to have a conversation. (No estoy contenta. Necesitamos tener una
conversación.)
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Next year I will have a long holiday in France. (El año que viene tendré unas largas vacaciones en
Francia.)
Nota:, En el ejemplo "He had a shower...", también podemos decir "He showered" ("Él se
duchó..."), pero utilizando la estructura "delexical" podemos incluir información adicional con el
uso de un adjetivo ("hot"). También es importante tener en cuenta que la estructura "delexical" tal
vez es más utilizada que el verbo "to shower". Este es el caso no sólo con el ejemplo mencionado,
sino en muchos de los ejemplos que presentamos aquí.
Otros sustantivos con los que podemos utilizar el verbo "have" en las estructuras "delexical"
pueden ser:
lunch, dinner, a snack, coffee, a chat, a discussion, a talk, a bath, a break, a rest, a dispute, a
fight...
Take
"Take", como "have", se usa con lavado o descansos, así como varios otros sustantivos.
• Ejemplos:
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I need to take a long, hot bath. (Necesito tomar un baño largo y caliente.)
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Take a break, you look exhausted. (Toma un descanso, te veo agotado.)
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Nancy doesn't like to take risks. (A Nancy no le gusta correr riesgo.)
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Can you take care of my dogs while I am on vacation? (¿Puedes cuidar a mis perros mientras estoy
de vacaciones?)
Otros sustantivos con que podemos utilizar el verbo "take" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden ser:
care, a chance, a decision, a photograph, trouble, a turn...
Nota: Tanto "have" como "take" se pueden utilizar con las formas sustantivas de ciertos verbos.
• Ejemplos:
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Let's have a swim, it's hot. (Vamos a bañarnos, hace calor.)
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Can you take a look at my article before I submit it to the publisher? (¿Puedes echar un vistazo a mi
artículo antes de enviarlo al editor?)
Make
Utilizamos "make" con planes, viajes y en referencia a hablar.

• Ejemplos:
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Have you made the arrangements for your trip yet? (¿Has hecho los arreglos para tu viaje?)
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My parents made a quick visit to the British Museum when they were in London. (Mis padres
hicieron una visita rápida al Museo Británico cuando estaban en Londres.)
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Helen made a very important point in the meeting this morning. (Helen hizo una observación muy
importante en la reunión esta mañana.)
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The President will make his speech at the end of the inauguration. (El presidente hará su discurso
al final de la inauguración.)
Otros sustantivos con que podemos utilizar el verbo "make" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden
ser:
a sound, conversation, a comment, a noise, a promise, a suggestion, a choice, a decision, a plan,
a trip, a tour...
Give
"Give" se utiliza con ruidos, expresiones faciales, cariño o en referencia a golpear y hablar.
• Ejemplos:
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Give me a shout when you are ready to go. (Dame un toque cuando estés listo para ir.)
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Please give Sally a big hug for me! (Por favor, dale a Sally un gran abrazo de mi parte.)
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My dad always gives me good advice. (Mi padre siempre me da buenos consejos.)
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Go ahead, give it a kick! (Venga, dale una patada.)
Otros sustantivos con los que podemos utilizar el verbo "give" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden
ser:
a cry, a laugh, a scream, a smile, a look, a glance, a punch, a slap, a push, a kiss, an answer,
information, an interview, a lecture, a report, a warning...
Go and Do
"Go" y "do" también se pueden utilizar como verbos "delexical", pero la estructura con estos verbos
es diferente. Utilizamos estos verbos a menudo con sustantivos terminados en "-ing".
Go
"Go" se utiliza en general para las actividades comunes que implican movimiento. Utilizamos la
estructura "go for a" cuando el sustantivo no termina en "-ing".
• Ejemplos:
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Beth goes swimming every day. (Beth va a nadar todos los días.)
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Nina doesn't like to go shopping. (A Nina no le gusta ir de compras.)
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It's a beautiful day, we should go for a walk. (Es un día hermoso, deberíamos dar un paseo.)
Otros sustantivos con los que podemos utilizar el verbo "go" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden
ser:
running, walking, jogging, skiing, a jog, a ride, a swim, a run, a stroll...
Do
"Do" se utiliza a menudo con las actividades relacionadas con trabajo. También utilizamos "do"
cuando la acción es evidente.
• Ejemplos:
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Can you please do the washing? (¿Puedes hacer el lavado por favor?)
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You rest, I'll do the cooking today. (Descansa, haré la comida hoy.
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Let me help you do your hair. (Déjame ayudarte a hacer tu cabello.)
Otros sustantivos con los que podemos utilizar el verbo "do" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden
ser:
jobs, work, homework, the washing up, the cleaning, the dishes, exercise, research, damage...
Say vs. Tell (Decir)
En español podemos traducir "say"o "tell" como "decir", pero en inglés se usan estos verbos de maneras distintas. Hay unas reglas
que indican el uso de uno u otro en inglés, aunque en general usamos "say" para "decir algo" y "tell" para "decir algo a alguien."
Say
Se usa "say" en el estilo directo y el indirecto. Si queremos usar "say" con un objeto personal, necesitamos usar la preposición "to".
• Ejemplos:
• Estilo directo
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"I'm hungry," he said. ("Tengo hambre," él dijo.)
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"I need your help," Glen said to Mike. ("Necesito tu ayuda," Glen dijo a Mike.)
• Estilo indirecto
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He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
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Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
Tell
También se puede usar "tell" con el estilo directo y el indirecto, aunque el uso con el estilo directo no es tan común. Cuando usamos
"tell" necesitamos usar un objeto indirecto que va detrás del verbo.
• Ejemplos:
• Estilo directo
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He told me, "I'm hungry." (Me dijo, "Tengo hambre.")
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Glen told Mike, "I need your help." (Glen dijo a Mike, "Necesito tu ayuda.")
• Estilo indirecto
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Mike told me that he was hungry. (Mike dijo que tenía hambre.)
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Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
Otros usos de "tell":

1. Se usa "tell" con órdenes o instrucciones.
• Ejemplos:
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I told him, "Stop complaining." (Le dije, "Deja de quejarte.")
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She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
2. Usamos "tell" cuando damos o pedimos información.

• Ejemplos:
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"Can you tell me your name please?" (Díme tu nombre, por favor.")
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Did you tell him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
3. Se usa "tell" con cuentos o bromas. En este caso, se puede traducir "tell" como "contar" en español.
• Ejemplos:
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He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
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"Tell me a joke," she said. ("Cuéntame un chiste," dijo ella.)
4. Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa "tell."

• Ejemplos:
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"Tell me the truth," she demanded. ("Dime la verdad," dijo ella.)
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Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
5. Usamos "tell" con el tiempo o la fecha.

• Ejemplos:
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"Could you tell me the time, please?" she asked. ("Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?" me preguntó.)
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Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
Whatever, Wherever, Whenever...etc. (Cualquier/a, quienquiera,
dondequiera...etc.)
Cuando añadimos la terminación "-ever" a los pronombres interrogativos como "what" o "where", nos sirven como pronombres,
adjetivos o conjunciones con un significado más o menos equivalente a "cualquier/a que" en español. El problema de traducirlos
directamente es que las reglas de uso son diferentes en inglés y español. Como se ve en los ejemplos que siguen, lo importante es el
significado de estas palabras que en general significan "no importa" o "da igual".
Cuando los utilizamos como interrogativos, expresan extrañeza, sorpresa, indignación o

exasperación. A continuación tienes algunos ejemplos para demostrar sus varios usos.
Whatever (Cualquier que/lo que quiera)

"Whatever" puede ser un adjetivo o pronombre y significa "cualquier que" o "lo que quiera".
 Ejemplos:
Whatever I do, it doesn't seem to make a difference. She still doesn't like me. (Haga lo que haga, no parece
haber ninguna diferencia. Sigo sin gustarle.)
Whatever you do, don't keep them waiting. (Sea como sea, pero no les hagas esperar.)
He is so rich, he can buy whatever he wants. (Él es tan rico que puede comprar lo que quiera.)
Whatever classes you choose, you are sure to learn a lot. (Cualquier clase que elijas, seguro que aprenderás mucho.)
Whatever time you finish, don't forget to call us. (Termines cuando termines, no olvides de llamarnos.)
Whatever happened here? (¿Qué ha pasado aquí?)
Whichever (Cualquiera que)

"Whichever" es un pronombre o adjetivo que significa "cualquiera" en español. Como hemos visto en la lección de What vs.
Which, el uso de "which" implica un número limitado de respuestas posibles. Como tal, "whichever" significa que no importa cuál
entre el número limitado de opciones posibles.
 Ejemplos:
It's a small town. Whichever way you turn, you always seem to end up in the same place. (Es un pueblo
pequeño. Gires por donde gires, parece que acabes en el mismo sitio.)
Take whichever one you like. (Coge el que te guste.)

Whichever jacket I wear, I'm still going to be cold. (Cualquiera de las chaquetas que me ponga, igualmente tendré frío.)
Wherever (Dondequiera que)

"Wherever" es un conjunción que significa "dondequiera" o "en cualquier lugar o parte".
 Ejemplos:
Please sit wherever you like. (Por favor, siéntate donde quieras.)
Wherever I go, I always feel like a stranger. (Vaya donde vaya, siempre me siento como un extranjero.)
His dog follows him wherever he goes. (Su perro le sigue vaya donde vaya.)
Wherever did they go? (¿Dónde se fueron?)
Whenever (Siempre que)

"Whenever" es un conjunción que significa "siempre que" o "cuando sea".
 Ejemplos:
The party starts at 9 o'clock, but you can come whenever you want. (La fiesta empieza a las 9, pero puedes venir
cuando quieras.)
Whenever I call, he is always out. (Cada vez que llamo, está fuera.)
We can start the classes whenever is best for you. (Podemos empezar las clases cuando te vaya mejor.)
Whenever did she finally arrive? (¿Cuando llegó al final?)
Whoever/Whomever (Quienquiera que)

"Whoever" es un pronombre que significa "quienquiera" en español.
 Ejemplos:
Whoever eats their vegetables can have dessert. (Quien coma sus verduras tendrá postre.)
I will date whoever I want! (¡Saldré con quien quiera!)
Whoever called last night didn't leave a message. (Quienquiera que llamara anoche no dejó un mensaje.)
Whoever made this mess? (¿Quien hizo este lío?)
However (Como quiera)

Como adverbio, ""however" significa "como quiera".
 Ejemplos:
You can do it however you want, but I suggest you be careful. (Puedes hacerlo como quieras, pero te sugiero que tengas
cuidado.)
However much money he has, it's never enough. (Da igual cuanto dinero tenga, nunca es suficiente.)
However long it takes, it doesn't matter, it just needs to be finished. (Da igual cuanto se tarde, no importa, sólo hay que
terminarlo.)
However did you finish it? (¿Como lo terminaste?)
Nota: Cuando se usa "however" como conjunción, significa "sin embargo" o "no obstante".
 Ejemplos:
I don't usually drink coffee, however I am very tired this morning and need the caffeine.(Normalmente no
bebo café, no obstante, estoy muy cansado esta mañana y necesito la cafeína.)
She would like to come to the party, however it's better that she stay home and rest as she has been
ill for days now. (Le gustaría venir a la fiesta, sin embargo, es mejor que se quede en casa y descanse porque ya lleva días enferma.)
Possessive Pronouns (Pronombres posesivos)
Pronombres posesivos
(en función de determinante del Ejemplo Traducción ejemplo
sujeto)
mi, mis Ésta es mi casa.

My This is my house.
tu, tus (de ti) / su, sus Éste es tu libro. / Éste es su
Your (de usted) This is your book. libro.
su, sus (de él) Ésta es su bicicleta.

His This is his bicycle.
su, sus (de ella) Éste es su vestido.
Her This is her dress.
Ésta es su casa. (la casa del
su, sus
Its This is its (the cat's) home. gato)
nuestro/a, nuestros/as Éstas son nuestras maletas.

Our These are our suitcases.
vuestro/a, vuestros/as, Éstos son vuestros asientos.
su,
Your These are your seats. Éstos son sus asientos.
sus (de ustedes)
su, sus (de ellos) Éstos son sus libros.
Their These are their books.
Pronombres posesivos
Ejemplo Traducción ejemplo
(en función de pronombre)
mío/s, mía/s Este libro es mío.

Mine This book is mine
tuyo/s, tuya/s, suyo/s, ¿Este libro es tuyo? / ¿Este
Yours suya/s Is this book yours? libro es suyo?
suyo/s, suya/s
Esta bicicleta es de él.
His (de el) This bicycle is his.
suyo/s, suya/s
El vestido es de ella.
Hers (de ella) The dress is hers.
su, sus La casa es suya (del gato).
Its The house is its(the cat's).
nuestro/s, nuestra/s Las maletas son nuestras.
Ours The suitcases are ours.
vuestro/a, vuestros/as, Estos asientos son vuestros.
Yours suyo/s, suya/s These seats are yours. Estos asientos son suyos.
suyo/a, suyos/as (de
Este lápiz es de ellos.
Theirs ellos) This pencil is theirs.
Los posesivos varían según el que posee y no según la cantidad poseída:
•Ejemplos:
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His bike is red. (Su bicicleta es roja.)
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The red bike is his. (La bici roja es suya.)
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My house is small. (Mi casa es pequeña.)
•Play
The small house is mine. (La casa pequeña es mía.)
Los pronombres posesivos se clasifican en dos tipos según su función en la oración.

1.En función de artículo determinativo del sujeto
Gramaticalmente funciona como un artículo determinativo del sustantivo al que acompaña, por lo
tanto siempre va antes del objeto.
•Ejemplos:
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My car is blue. (Mi coche es azul.)
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His house is big. (Su casa es grande.)
2.En función de pronombre

Gramaticalmente funciona como un pronombre en función de complemento directo.
•Ejemplos:
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The blue car is mine. (El coche azul es mío.)
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The big house is his.(La casa grande es suya.)
Nota: Estos ejemplos responden a la pregunta, "¿De quién es?.
(Pronombres posesivos y el genitivo)
El genitivo "-s" no se ha de confundir con los pronombres posesivos. Así podemos decir:
•Play
Her dress... (Su vestido...[de ella])
O podemos decir:
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Andrea's dress... (El vestido de Andrea...)
En ambos casos expresamos un poseedor y un poseído, en este caso el vestido. En la primera frase,
el pronombre posesivo femenino "her" indica que tanto el hablante como el oyente acaban de hacer
referencia a la misma persona. En cambio en el segundo caso, el hablante quiere dar a conocer el
nombre del poseedor.
Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)
1.Siempre utilizamos el genitivo para referirnos a personas.
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Paul's house...(La casa de Paul...)
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Mary's bike... (La bicicleta de Maria...)
2.Cuando nos referimos a cosas o lugares utilizaremos la preposición "of".

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The wheel of the bike...(La rueda de la bicicleta...)
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Washington is the capital of the United States. (Washington es la capital de los Estados Unidos.)
3.También podemos utilizar el genitivo al final de la oración que acostumbra a ser la respuesta a una
pregunta anterior. En estos casos no necesitamos el nombre.
•Question (pregunta):
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Where is your sister? (¿Dónde está tu hermana?)
•Answer (repuesta):
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She is at my parent's. (Está en la casa de mis padres.)
•Question (pregunta):
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Whose house is this? (¿De quién es esta casa?)
•Answer (repuesta):
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It is Michael's. (Es de Miguel.)
WARNING!
Cuando el nombre de el poseedor termina en una "s", el genitivo se añade al final del poseedor, pero
sólo añadiendo el apostrofe "-‘" y no la "-s" del genitivo.
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Luis' house...(La casa de Luis....)
Prepositions of Place (Preposiciones de lugar)
Las preposiciones de lugar se colocan detrás del verbo principal, que suele ser el verbo "to be"
(estar, ser) en cualquiera de los tiempos pasados, presentes o futuros y en sus formas tanto simples
como compuestas.
Ya hemos visto los diferentes usos de las tres preposiciones más comunes ("in", "at", "on") en la
lección anterior. A continuación encontrarás otras preposiciones de lugar.
NEXT TO (BESIDE)
Significado: al lado de, junto a
Uso: Tanto "next to" como "beside" se pueden utilizar indistintamente. Utilizar una forma u otra
dependerá del hablante y del contexto.
•Ejemplos:
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The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (El supermercado está junto al banco.)
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Sit next to (beside) me. (Siéntate a mi lado.)
BY
Significado: cerca, al lado de, junto a
Uso: Se puede utilizar en los mismos contextos que "next to" pero el significado de "by" es más
como "cerca" en castellano.
•Ejemplos:
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I sit by the window. (Me siento a lado de la ventana.)
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Our house is by the river. (Nuestra casa está cerca del río.)
BETWEEN
Significado: entre
•Ejemplos:
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The shop is between the bank and the train station. (La tienda está entre el banco y la estación de
tren.)
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She is standing between Peter and John. (Permanece de pie entre Pedro y Juan.)
BEHIND
Significado: detrás de
•Ejemplos:
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The church is behind the school. (La iglesia está detrás de la escuela.)
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He is standing behind you. (Está de pie detrás de ti.)
IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITE
Significado: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante de
Usos: La diferencia entre estas preposiciones la notamos cuando estamos hablando de personas, "in
front of" no implica estar delante y cara a cara, en cambio "opposite" significa delante y cara a
cara.
•Ejemplos:
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The hotel is in front of the station. (El hotel está en frente de la estación.)
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The bank is opposite the market. (El banco está delante del mercado.)
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Laura is standing in front of you. (Laura está de pie delante de ti.)
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She is sitting opposite me. ( Se está sentando en frente mío.)
UNDER
Significado: debajo de
•Ejemplos:
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The ball is under the chair. (La pelota está debajo de la silla.)
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The dog is under the tree. (El perro está debajo del árbol.)
ABOVE
Significado: por encima sin tocar
•Ejemplo:
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The clock is above the table. (El reloj está por encima de la mesa.)
Nota: La traducción literal puede llevar a confusión cuando la traducimos al castellano, ya que en
castellano diríamos: "el reloj está colgado en la pared." Si quisiéramos especificar diríamos: "y por
debajo en la misma pared está apoyada la mesa."
BELOW
Significado: por debajo sin tocar
•Ejemplo:
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The table is below the clock. (La mesa está por debajo del reloj.)
Nota: Como en el caso anterior, la traducción literal de "below" puede llevar a confusión. En este
caso diríamos que la mesa está apoyada en la misma pared en la que se encuentra el reloj colgado
un poco más arriba.
Prepositions (Las preposiciones)
Las preposiciones son una de las partes del inglés que más cuesta aprender a los hablantes de
lengua española porque la traducción directa a menudo es imposible. Las preposiciones pueden ser
traducidas de manera distinta según la situación o el contexto de su uso. Por ello es recomendable
memorizar las diferentes variaciones y usos dependiendo de si hablamos de preposiciones de lugar,
movimiento o tiempo. Verémos que muchas de las preposiciones se repiten en los diferentes
apartados.
Nota: Las preposiciones siempre están seguidas por un sustantivo, no un verbo (excepto en la forma
de gerundio).
In / At / On
Son unas de las preposiciones más comunes que se pueden usar para indicar lugar o tiempo: in,at y
on.
IN
Significado: en, dentro, dentro de
Uso (lugar): Se usa para indicar tanto espacios cerrados como espacios abiertos. Lo utilizamos para
indicar que algo está dentro de una cosa, en un lugar cerrado, o en el interior de algo físicamente.
Sin embargo, como vemos en los ejemplos, también se utiliza para indicar que se está en un lugar
geográfico.
• Ejemplos:
I live in Brighton. (Vivo en Brighton.)
The cat is in the box. (El gato está dentro la caja.)
I found your address in the phone book. (He encontrado tu dirección en la guía telefónica.)
My parents arrive in France on Monday. (Mis padres llegan a Francia el lunes.)
Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con meses, años, épocas, partes del día y períodos de tiempo (duración).
• Ejemplos:
We went to Mexico in May. (Fuimos a Méjico en mayo.)
I always run in the mornings. (Siempre corro por las mañanas.)
I will see him in a week. (Le veré en una semana.)
She was born in 1976. (Nació en 1976.)
AT
Significado: en, a, al, cerca de, tocando
Uso (lugar): Se usa delante de edificios como casas, aeropuertos, universidades (para indicar que
estamos dentro), antes de "top" (parte superior), "bottom" (parte inferior), "the end of" (al final de),
para indicar acontecimientos como reuniones, fiestas, conciertos, deportes, etc..., detrás de "arrive"
(llegar) cuando nos referimos a lugares que no sean ciudades o países.
• Ejemplos:
He is at home. (Él está en casa.)
I always visit my sister at work. (Siempre visito a mi hermana en el trabajo.)
We eat at the table. (Comemos en la mesa.)
She will see him at the theatre. (Le verá en el teatro.)
Her name is at the bottom of the page. (Su nombre está en la parte inferior de la página.)
When did you arrive at the airport? (¿Cuándo llegaste al aeropuerto)
Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos delante de la hora y de fiestas.

• Ejemplos:
He runs every morning at 6. (Él corre cada mañana a las 6.)
I will see them at Christmas. (Les veré en Navidad.)
ON
Significado: sobre, encima de algo, tocando
Uso (lugar): Se coloca delante de nombres de lugares con base como mesas, suelos, etc…, cuando
nos referimos a lugares de una
habitación como techo o pared y para indicar que alguien está dentro de un transporte público o en
una planta de un edificio.
• Ejemplos:
The pen is on the table. (El bolígrafo está sobre la mesa.)
They have a photograph of Paris on the wall. (Tienen una foto de París en la pared.)
I am on the bus. (Estoy en el autobús.)
Her apartment is on the second floor. (Su piso está en la segunda planta.)
Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con días de la semana, fechas y fiestas.

• Ejemplos:
They went to Mexico on the first of May. (Fueron a Méjico a primeros de mayo.)
He runs on Mondays and Fridays. (Él corre los lunes y los viernes.)
I will see Luis on his birthday. (Veré a Luis en su cumpleaños.)
Preposiciones de tiempo
1. AT se utiliza para indicar:
• HORAS: At 2pm—A las dos (de la tarde)
• HORARIOS DE COMIDAS: At lunchtime–A la hora del almuerzo)
• DÍAS FESTIVOS: At Christmas—En Navidad
• FIN DE SEMANA: At the weeekend—El fin de semana (En inglés americano
se dice ‘on the weekend‘)
2. ON se utiliza para indicar:
• DÍAS: On Thursday—El jueves
• UN DÍA PARTICULAR: On July 1st—El 1 de julio/On New Year’s Day—El
Día de Año Nuevo
• DÍA + PARTE DEL DIA: On Monday morning—El lunes por la mañana
3. IN se utiliza para indicar:
• MESES: In October—En octubre
• AÑOS: In 1981—En 1981
• ESTACIONES: In (the) spring
• SIGLOS: In the 21st century—En el siglo XXI
LA PREPOSICIÓN ‘IN’ SE UTILIZA CON ALGUNAS PARTES DEL
DÍA:
1) IN the morning – Por la mañana (5h a 11:59h)
2) IN the afternoon – Por la tarde (13h a 18h + o -)
3) IN the evening – Por la tarde (18h a 20:30h + o -)
…pero….
CON OTRAS PARTES DEL DÍA SE UTILIZA ‘AT’:
1) AT noon/AT middday – Al mediodía (12h a 13h)
2) AT night – Por la noche (20:30h >23:59h)
3) AT midnight – A medianoche (12h)
4) AT dawn – Al amanecer
*Curiosidad: ‘‘AT DAWN’ significa ‘al amanecer’, es decir, ‘al alba
Preposiciones de lugar
IN se utiliza:
o En espacios cerrados:
In the kitchen – En la cocina
In an office – En una oficina
In a hospital – En un hospital
o En lugares abiertos con límites definidos:
In the park – En el parque
In a street – En una calle
In the garden – En el jardín
o Con ciudades: In Ciutadella– En Ciutadella
o Con países: In Germany – En Alemania
ON se utiliza:
o En pisos de un edificio:
On the 2nd floor – En el 2º piso
o Con partes de una habitación:
On the walls – En las paredes
On the ceiling – En el techo
On the floor – En el suelo/piso
o Con transportes:
On a boat – En un barco
On the train – En el tren
Pero…
In a car – En un coche
In a taxi – En un taxi
AT se utiliza:
o Con ciertos lugares:
At home – En casa
At school – En el colegio
At university – En la universidad
o Se pueden utilizar dos preposiciones con un lugar:
In a museum– En un museo (dentro)
At the museum– En el museo (dentro o fuera)
o Con lugares determinados:
At the door – En la puerta
At the traffic light – En el semáforo
Aptis Candidate
Guide
April 2016
www.britishcouncil.org/aptis
Aptis Candidate Guide 1
Introducing the Aptis test
Aptis is an innovative global English assessment tool from the British

Council. It is an English test for adults and young adults, which can be used
to assess English language ability in all four skills – reading, writing, listening
and speaking.
Aptis doesn't test at a single level. Instead, it includes a range of questions,

which are designed to allow you to show your best ability. The test results
are reported either on a numerical scale (0–50) or as a Common European
Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) level.
There are two tests to choose from. Aptis tests from A1-C on the CEFR and
is suitable for most test-takers. There is also an Aptis Advanced test which
assesses English language ability from B1-C2 and is for higher level
test- takers. If you are taking the Aptis Advanced test, you will find further
details on page 38 and onwards.
It's usually taken on a computer or a tablet, but the core test, the reading
test and the writing test can be taken using pen and paper. In some
countries, it is possible to take the speaking and listening tests over the
phone.
The purpose of this guide is to help you prepare for these tests. There is an
overview of the tests and each component is described. There is also
advice on how to prepare for the test and information on how the test is
marked.
Contents
Test structure............................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................3
Aptis core test (grammar and vocabulary)..........................................................................................................................................................................5
Aptis reading test.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Aptis listening test.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................15
Aptis writing test............................................................................................................................................................................................................................17
Aptis speaking test.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................27
Aptis Advanced test.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................38
How to take the online test.............................................................................................................................................................................. ........................45
Accommodations and special needs..................................................................................................................................................................................49
Final checklist..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................50
Test structure
Aptis consist of five components: core (grammar and vocabulary), reading, listening, writing and speaking. Clients decide
which components are needed for their situation. You, the test taker, will prepare for the core test (everyone takes the
core test) and the skill components the client has chosen. You may be taking one skill component (for example, listening)
or all four skill components (reading, listening, writing and speaking).
Reading Listening Writing Speaking
It is a good idea to take a practice test so that you fully understand what
you need to do. You can find a practice test on the Aptis website at:
www.britishcouncil.org/exam/aptis/take
Here is the structure of the Aptis test:
Test Test design Activity Format

Core Part 1 Grammar Sentence completion. 3-option multiple choice.
25 minutes
Part 2 Vocabulary Word matching (similar meaning). Sets of 5 target words with
10 options.
Match words to definitions.
Sentence completion.
Word pairs or word combinations

(words commonly used together).
Reading Part 1 Sentence Choose words to 3-option multiple choice.
30 minutes comprehension complete sentences.
Part 2 Text cohesion Put sentences into the correct 7 sentences jumbled up.
order to make a story.
Part 3 Short text Choose the best word from 10 options and 7 empty
comprehension a list to make a sentence. spaces.
Part 4 Long text Match headings to 7 paragraphs and
comprehension paragraphs. 8 headings.
Listening Part 1 Word and number Listen to a phone message to 4-option multiple choice.
30 minutes recognition identify specific information.
Part 2 Identifying specific Listen to monologues or
information conversation and identify
specific information.
Part 3 Inference Listen to monologues and
conversations and identify the
attitude, opinion or intention.
Writing Part 1 Word-level writing Write basic personal Complete a form.
50 minutes information on a form.
Part 2 Short text writing Write personal information. 20-30 words.
Part 3 Three written responses Respond to written questions on 30-40 words for each question.
to questions a social network-type website.
Part 4 Formal and informal Write an informal email to a 40-50 words for the
writing friend and a formal email to an informal email.
unknown person.
120-150 words for the
formal email.
Speaking Part 1 Personal Respond to three personal 30 seconds for each
12 minutes information information questions. response.
Part 2 Describe, express Describe a picture and answer 45 seconds for each response.
opinion and provide two additional questions
reasons and of increasing difficulty.
explanations
Part 3 Describe, compare and Describe two contrasting pictures 45 seconds for each
provide reasons and and answer two additional response.
explanations questions of increasing difficulty.
Part 4 Discuss personal Answer three questions 1-minute preparation time.
experience and opinion on an abstract topic.
on an abstract topic 2-minutes response time.
Aptis Advanced test structure

The Aptis Advanced test includes the Aptis core test, the more difficult reading, listening, writing and speaking tasks from
the Aptis test described above and additional tasks which are more demanding. More information about the Aptis
Advanced test can be found towards the end of this guide.
Aptis core test (grammar and vocabulary)

The core test is the same for Aptis and Aptis Advanced. It consists of two parts. The first part assesses your knowledge of
English grammar. The second part assesses your knowledge of English vocabulary.
Test design Description Preparation

Part 1 In this part of the test, you will answer 25 To know which parts of grammar are
Grammar questions. tested, see the British Council / EAQUALS
core inventory. This is free and available
Most of the questions test formal written online at:
English. A small number of questions test http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/
spoken English such as knowing the sites/ec/files/books-british-council-eaquals-core-
appropriate grammar to use in a particular inventory.pdf
situation (formal or informal situations,
for example). One great way to prepare for the grammar
test is to use the British Council's
All 25 questions are in the format of LearnEnglish Grammar App:
a 3-option multiple choice. http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/
Complete a sentence by choosing grammar-and-vocabulary
the correct word.
Part 2 In this part of the test, you have 25 questions. To help you prepare for this part of the test, the
Vocabulary These are presented in sets of five words LearnEnglish website has games and activities to
(the words we are testing) with ten options from help you improve your vocabulary.
which to choose. http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en/grammar
-and-vocabulary
There are a number of question types:
There are also many useful websites, for example:
Word matching: find a word with a meaning www.englishclub.com
similar to the target word. Another useful tip is to take note of interesting
words or word combinations when you read
Word definition: match a definition to the correct English texts.
word.
Word usage: complete a sentence by

choosing the correct word.
Word pairs or word combinations: these are

usually the most difficult questions, as you need
to know what word (from a list) is most commonly
found with the target word (e.g. birthday card is
common but blue card is not).
Sample grammar questions

There are two question types. The first focuses on written English grammar and the second focuses on the use of English
grammar when speaking.
Here are some examples:
1. Written grammar
He ______ me that the machine was broken.
 told
 spoke
 said
My boss says that I ______ to finish the report by Friday.

 must
 have
 should
My new computer works _____ faster than my old one.

 many
 more
 much
I have worked for this company _____ I left university.

 since
 after
 from
2. Spoken grammar
John: She's French, isn't she?
Ahmed: No, _______ she's from Belgium.
 exactly
 actually
 anyway
Zeynep: I really don't feel like going to see that movie tonight.
Peter: Ok. __________ we can go next week instead.
 Maybe
 However
 Nevertheless
Sample vocabulary questions

The first question type tests your ability to match words with similar meanings from a list of options. You need to click on
the arrows and choose the similar word.
Here is an example:
Select a word from the list that has the most similar meaning to the word on the left.
Example: big = large
bare =

obscure = bare =
 not real

sore = obscure = solid
 plain 
artificial = sore = rough
 painful 
tight
artificial =
not clear 
proud
For the next question type you need to match a definition to a word. Click on the arrow and choose the word that
matches the definition.
Here is an example:
Complete each definition using a word from the drop-down list.
To encourage someone is to

To change something is to
 urge

gather
To prepare for something is to
 refuse

detach
To repair something is to
 rehearse 
blame
convert 
mend
The next question type asks you to identify a word from a list that is commonly used with the given word.
Select a word from the list that is most often used with the word on the left.
Example: big + house
bare +

obscure + bare +
 hour 
light
sore + obscure +
 fact 
machine
artificial + sore +
 circle

throat
artificial +
wall
diet

There is a final question type that asks you to complete a sentence using a word from a list.
Sample questions answer keys
Grammar sample questions answer key

Correct answers told
have
much
since
Correct answers actually

Maybe
Vocabulary sample questions answer key

Correct answers plain
not clear
painful
not real
Correct answers urge
convert
rehearse
mend
Correct answers wall
fact
throat
light
Aptis reading test

The test assesses your reading ability. The tasks become more difficult as the test progresses.

Part 1 In this part, you need to choose a word (choice of Make sure you read each sentence fully and the
three) to complete the sentence. There are five options before trying to answer this question.
Sentence sentences to complete. Each sentence in the text
is free-standing which means that it is not The best way to become a better reader is to
comprehension
necessary to understand all of the sentences to practise. A number of publishers produce graded
complete individual sentences. readers that might be of use. For example, try:
 Cambridge Bookworms Starter / Stage 1
This part assesses your ability to read a sentence
 Cambridge Readers – Level 1
and to complete the sentence with an
 Penguin Readers – Level 1
appropriate word.
 Macmillan Readers – Starter / Beginner
 Headway Skills series.
Part 2 In this part you will see seven sentences. They Read all of the sentences carefully first. Then,
belong to a single story that has been jumbled up. decide on the order (the first sentence is
Text cohesion There is only one way that the sentences go identified for you).
together to form the story and your task is to click
on the sentences and drag them to the correct Appropriate readers for this level are:
position in the story.  Cambridge Bookworms Stage 1 and 2
 Cambridge Readers – Level 2
This part assesses your knowledge of the
cohesion of a text. You are looking for clues in
 Macmillan Readers – Elementary.
each sentence that show how it links to other
sentences.
Part 3 In this part you will need to read a text (about 150 Read over the whole text before attempting the
words). The task is to complete the text by questions.
Short text selecting the appropriate words (from a list) to fill
in the gaps. To complete all of the text you need Appropriate readers for this level are:
comprehension
to understand more than just a sentence.  Cambridge Bookworms Stage 2 and 3
 Cambridge Readers – Level 3, 4 and 5
This part tests your ability to read and understand
short texts.
 Macmillan Readers – Pre Intermediate.
Part 4 This part consists of a long text (about 750 words) Read the main text carefully but as quickly as you
with a series of headings. The task is to match the can. Then carefully read the headings. Do all this
Long text headings to paragraphs in the text (there are before starting the task. Look for clues to connect
comprehension seven to be done). There is always an extra the headings to the paragraphs; these might be
heading that does not fit with any paragraph. similar words, ideas or topics.
This part is designed to test your ability to read Appropriate readers for this level are:
and understand a long text. In addition, you need
 Cambridge Bookworms Stage 4, 5 and 6
to be able to demonstrate an understanding of
 Cambridge Readers – Level 4, 5 and 6
how the headings reflect the paragraphs in
 Penguin Readers – Level 5 and 6
different ways (sometimes using similar words,
 Macmillan Readers – Intermediate and
sometimes similar ideas, or by sharing a topic).
Upper Intermediate.
Sample reading questions
Reading part 1
In this part, you must select the appropriate word from a drop-down list. You should complete this part in about three
minutes.
Choose one word from the list for each gap. The first one is done for you.
Dear Morgan,
Thank you for a wonderful weekend. I had a really great time with you and
Becky. Your wife is a good cook and she


a very nice dinner.
I am writing this note in my hotel room and I can

 the park from my

window. My plane leaves tomorrow and I will take a taxi to the airport
breakfast. I hope you and Becky will come and


with me in Rome next
summer. I am feeling a little tired now and I

to have a sleep.
Thanks again and see you soon,

James
Reading part 2
In the second part, you must sort the sentences into the correct order to make a story. Do this by clicking on a sentence
and dragging it to its correct position. In the example below, we are moving the sentence at point 6 up to point 2. When
we make the move, the sentence at point 2 swaps position.
Order the sentences below to make a story. The first one (1) is done for you.
1 Alfred Hitchcock was born in London in 1899.
2 He was soon one of Hollywood’s top directors and in 1956 he became an American citizen.
3 At the end of his long career he returned to Britain to make a film in London.
4 After directing several more popular films, he sailed to America.
5 At the start of his career he made silent films in England and Germany.
6 He got his first job in a film studio when he was a young man.
7 He made a big impact when he directed Blackmail, which was Britain’s first sound film and a
big success.
6 He was soon one of Hollywood’s top directors and in 1956 became an American citizen.
7 He made a big impact when he directed Blackmail, which was Britain’s first sound film
and a big success.
Reading part 3
In the third part, you must select the word from the group at the bottom of the screen (in the green boxes) and drag a
word into each of the seven empty boxes. There are 10 word options and only seven spaces.
If you change your mind, that's not a problem as you can move the words around until you make you final decision.
READING
Read the text and complete each gap with a word from the list at the bottom of the page.
Warren Buffett
American billionaire Warren Buffett showed a talent for money and business from a very early age.
When he was only six years old he six bottles of Coca Cola from his grandfather’s shop for twenty
five cents each. He then sold them to his friends for thirty cents, which him a total profit of thirty
cents. While other children were the same age were playing games, Warren was making money.
By the he left school at the age of 17 he had already earned $5,000 from a part time job
delivering newspapers. Many years he met the President of Coca Cola and invested in the
company. On this Warren Buffett made a profit of more than a billion dollars. Soon afterwards he
the richest man in America.
Example:
time started occasion gave opened
showed bought moment became who later
Reading part 4
For the final part, it is necessary to scroll the reading text to see all of it. Do this by clicking on the side bar (as shown) and
move the bar up and down.
Select the appropriate heading from the drop-down list on the left-hand side.
READING
Read the passage quickly. Choose a heading for each numbered paragraph (1-7) from
the drop-down box. There is one more heading than you need.
Bone Wars
1
2
 In the summer of 1868 a train carrying a group of American scientists made its way
through the western frontier state of Wyoming. On board was O.C. Marsh, an expert
3
 in geology and the first person in the country to hold the position of professor of
palaeontology at the University of Yale. Like his fellow passengers, Marsh was
4
 impressed by the enormous landscapes of dry rock, and he knew that the ancient
stones must hold evidence of prehistoric life. It was during this journey that he

made a decision that was to have a lasting impact not only on his own professional
career but on the American scientific community.
5
6
 1. In 1800 the French naturalist Georges Cuvier identified a fossil [old bone] as the
remains of a small flying reptile. This was first recorded example of a species that
7
 later became known as the dinosaur. Although these creatures no longer existed,
Cuvier showed that they could be studied through an examination of fossil records,
 buried and preserved in rock. So the science of palaeontology – the study of
prehistoric life – began.
2. Over the next two decades some spectacular finds were made by English
Reading answer key
Reading part 1
Dear Morgan,
Thank you for a wonderful weekend. I had a really great time with you and

Becky. Your wife is a good cook and she made a very nice dinner.

I am writing this note in my hotel room and I can see the park from my

window. My plane leaves tomorrow and I will take a taxi to the airport after

breakfast. I hope you and Becky will come and stay with me in Rome next

summer. I am feeling a little tired now and I am going to have a sleep.

Thanks again and see you soon,
James
Reading part 2
4 He made a big impact when he directed Blackmail, which was Britain’s first sound
film and a big success.
6 He was soon one of Hollywood’s top directors and in 1956 became an American
citizen.
Reading part 3
Warren Buffett
American billionaire Warren Buffett showed a talent for money and business from a very early age.
When he was only six years old he bought six bottles of Coca Cola from his grandfather’s shop for twenty
five cents each. He then sold them to his friends for thirty cents, which gave him a total profit of thirty
cents. While other children who were the same age were playing games, Warren was making money.
By the time he left school at the age of 17 he had already earned $5,000 from a part time job
delivering newspapers. Many years later he met the President of Coca Cola and invested in the
company. On this occasion Warren Buffett made a profit of more than a billion dollars. Soon afterwards he
became the richest man in America.
Example: started opened
showed moment
Reading part 4
1 The bird of a new science

2 Early developments in palaeontology

3 Ideal conditions for finding fossils

4 The risks of fossil hunting

5 Unscientific methods

6 The dishonest methods of Marsh and Cope

7 The achievements of Marsh and Cope

Aptis listening test

The listening test has 25 questions. There are a number of things to remember about the listening test:
1. All 25 questions use the 4-option multiple choice format.

2. Each listening input has a single question.
3. You may listen to the question a second time if you want, but you don't have to.
4. The three types of questions are described below. In the test, these types of questions may not
appear in this sequence.

Part 1 In these questions you listen to a short phone Visit the British Council's LearnEnglish website for
message and you need to identify specific lots of very useful activities, tips, Apps and
Word and information such as a number (e.g. phone number, podcasts: http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en
number time) or a word.
The elementary podcasts are useful preparation
recognition
for these questions.
Part 2 In these questions you listen to short There are quite a few useful practice videos and
conversations with two speakers or to a podcasts on the LearnEnglish website, so that's a
Identifying monologue and you need to identify specific very good starting point. In addition, it may be
specific, information. For example, where do they want to useful to try to listen to as much English as
factual go? What do they want to buy? possible (e.g. films, television or radio). If you have
information access to the internet, you can easily find
materials, for example the BBC World Service radio
(http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio).
Part 3 In these questions you again listen to short There are a number of higher-level podcasts on
conversations with two speakers or to a the LearnEnglish website. Also try the BBC World
Inference monologue. The focus here is not on Service radio station.
understanding the meaning of what the speakers
are saying, but on identifying clues in their The strategies you need include paying specific
language or tone to help identify the attitude of attention to intonation and stress when somebody
the speaker, their intention or opinion. is speaking. Listening to authentic speech such as
television soap operas or films is a good way to
practise.
Sample listening questions

Remember that if you'd like to hear a question for a second time just click on the Play button:
Play
The system will not allow you to listen more than twice.
Listening part 1
Listen to the message. What is Alberto’s phone number?

Play
A 8440 3860
B 8440 3868
C 8440 3660
D 8440 3668
Listening part 2
Listen to the message. Why does Heather call Steve?
Play
A To say thank you
B To say goodbye
C To say hello
D To say sorry
Listening part 3
Listen to a man talking about somebody. Who is he talking about?
Who is the man talking about?

Play
A Someone at work
B A friend
C A member of his family
D A stranger
Aptis writing test

There are four parts to the writing test. You will fill in forms, interact in a social media-type written conversation and write
emails. All writing tasks are marked by an examiner.
Make sure you fully understand the questions. Plan what you are going to write and then edit your writing before clicking
to the next question. The most common mistakes are the following:
 Not answering the questions (going off-topic). Read the question and understand what you need to do.
 Writing too much but with poor grammar, spelling and punctuation. Keep to the word count and focus on accuracy.
 Not using a variety of sentence structures.
 Not writing in sentences or paragraphs.
 Not capitalising months, cities, countries and names.
 Using SMS spelling.
The total time allowed for the writing test is 50 minutes. The timings for each section below are recommendations only.

Part 1 In the first part you must complete a form by filling Since the emphasis in this part is on the accurate
in some basic personal information. There is no completion of a form, the most important things to
Word-level extended writing in this part (no sentence writing), focus on are using capital letters, if needed, and
writing just individual words. spelling.
You should spend no more than three minutes on Common errors are to write in all capital letters and
this part. to write the month as a number instead of a word.
There is an App on the LearnEnglish website which

helps you to practise your spelling.
Part 2 This part is again about form filling – but this time You are asked to write 20-30 words. The focus is
you need to write in sentences. on writing sentences that are on-topic and have
Short text accurate grammar, punctuation and spelling.
writing You should spend no more than seven minutes
on this part. A common error is to write more than 30 words
and make too many mistakes. Keep to the word
limit and focus on accuracy. Another common
error is to write in all capital letters.
Part 3 In this part you will have a social network-type Make sure you correctly answer all three questions
interaction. You will receive three questions and and don't go off-topic.
Three written need to respond.
parts of text, all Focus on accurate spelling and punctuation and
of which require You should spend no more than ten minutes on write text that is cohesive and coherent.
responses this part.
Keep to the word count of 30-40 words per answer.
Part 4 This part requires that you write an informal email For this part, make sure you keep to the word
to a friend and a more formal email to an count of 40-50 words for the first email and
Formal and unknown person. Both emails are in reaction to 120-150 words for the second email.
informal writing information about a change.
Make sure your answers are different. The first
You should spend no more than 20 minutes on email should clearly be an informal email to a
this part. friend or close family member, while the second
should clearly be a formal email to a company.
You are also assessed on how broadly and

accurately you can write so use a wide range of
vocabulary, grammar and cohesive devices.
Sample writing questions
Writing part 1
You need to write five pieces of information. This part is not worth many marks so don't spend too much time on it.
Example of a high-level answer (5/5) for Part 1:
Aptis Sports Club X
Full name: Sanjay Gupta
Date of birth: 14 May 1990
Day Month (write in full) Year
City / Town / Village: Mumbai
First language: Hindi
Interests (list 3): reading
architecture
movies
 Uses capital letters for name, month, city and first language.
 No spelling errors.
 Answers the five questions accurately.
You need to write five pieces of information. This part is not worth many marks so don't spend too much time on it.
Example of a low-level answer (1/5) for Part 1:
Aptis Sports Club X
Full name: sanjay gupta
Date of birth: 14 05 1990
Day Month (write in full) Year
City / Town / Village: mumbai
First language: Hyndy
Interests (list 3): Reading
Travelling
films
 No capital letters for name.

 Does not write the month in full.
 No capital letter for city.
 Spelling error (Hyndy should be Hindi).
 It is acceptable to write your interests in small or capital letters.
Writing part 2
There may be one or two questions. The areas assessed are task fulfilment / topic relevance, grammatical range and
accuracy, punctuation, vocabulary range and accuracy, and cohesion. Here is the marking scale:
5 Likely to be above A2 level.

B1 (or
above)
4  On-topic.
A2.2  Uses simple grammatical structures to produce writing at the sentence level. Errors with
basic structures common. Errors do not impede understanding of the response.
 Mostly accurate punctuation and spelling.
 Vocabulary is sufficient to respond to the question(s).
 Some attempts at using simple connectors and cohesive devices to link sentences.
3  On-topic.
basic structures common. Errors impede understanding in parts of the response.
 Punctuation and spelling mistakes are noticeable.
 Vocabulary is mostly sufficient to respond to the question(s) but inappropriate lexical choices
are noticeable.
 Response is a list of sentences with no use of connectors or cohesive devices to link sentences.
2  Not fully on-topic.

A1.2  Grammatical structure is limited to words and phrases. Errors in basic patterns and simple
grammar structures impede understanding.
 Little or no use of accurate punctuation. Spelling mistakes common.
 Vocabulary is limited to very basic words related to personal information and is not sufficient to
respond to the question(s).
 No use of cohesion.
1  Response limited to a few words or phrases.

A1.1  Grammar and vocabulary errors so serious and frequent that meaning is unintelligible.
0 No meaningful language or all responses are completely off-topic (e.g. memorised script,
A0 guessing).
Example of a high-level (5/5) response for Part 2:
WRITING
You are doing a language course. Fill in the form.
Write in sentences. Use 20-30 words. You have 7 minutes.
Aptis Language Club X
Please write here about your free time and interests.
I am a big football fan and like to play and watch matches

whenever possible. I’m also keen on politics and try to keep
up to date with current affairs.
 Keeps to the word count (20-30 words).

 Clear sentences.
 Answers on-topic. Replies fully to the input.
 Accurate grammar, spelling and punctuation. It is acceptable to have grammar and spelling errors and still
score 5/5 if the errors are not serious (i.e. the writing can be understood and the errors are not basic).
Writing part 3
In part 3, you will answer social media-type questions which will look like the following:
When you
nish your
answer, click
on this button
Then a new
question will
appear
When you
nish your
answer, click
on this button
Then the nal question

appears. Answer this and
click the NEXT button
The areas assessed are task fulfilment / topic relevance, punctuation, grammatical range and accuracy, vocabulary range
and accuracy and cohesion. Here is the marking scale:
5 Likely to be above the B1 level.

B2 (or
above)
4 Responses to all three questions are on-topic and show the following features:
B1.2  Control of simple grammatical structures. Errors occur when attempting complex structures.
 Punctuation and spelling mostly accurate. Errors do not impede understanding.
 Vocabulary is sufficient to respond to the questions.
 Uses simple cohesive devices to organise responses as a linear sequence of sentences.
3 Responses to two questions are on-topic and show the following features:
 Punctuation and spelling mostly accurate. Errors do not impede understanding.
 Vocabulary is sufficient to respond to the questions.
 Uses simple cohesive devices to organise responses as a linear sequence of sentences.
2 Responses to at least two questions are on-topic and show the following features:
simple structures common and sometimes impede understanding.
 Vocabulary is not sufficient to respond to the question(s). Inappropriate lexical choices are
noticeable and sometimes impede understanding.
 Responses are lists of sentences and not organised as cohesive texts.
1 Response to one question is on-topic and shows the following features:

simple structures common and sometimes impede understanding.
 Vocabulary is not sufficient to respond to the question(s). Inappropriate lexical choices are
noticeable and sometimes impede understanding.
 Responses are lists of sentences and not organised as cohesive texts.
0 Performance below A2, or no meaningful language or the responses are completely off-topic (e.g.
memorised script, guessing).
Example of a high-level (5/5) response for Part 3:
You are a member of a gardening club. You are talking to some other members in the
gardening club chat room. Talk to them using sentences.
Use 30 - 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes.
Aptis Gardening Club Chat X

Sam: Hi! Welcome to the club. Can you tell me something about your garden?
Sure, My garden is not very big, but it’s really nice. There are some flowers, roses and tulips, and
some bushes. Last year I installed a small fountain and added some rocks around the flowers.
Miguel: Welcome! Is gardening very popular in your country?

Yes, it is. Most of my friends have their own gardens and they really enjoy gardening! Every
weekend we meet to discuss our new ideas to make our gardens more beautiful.
Michelle: What is your favourite season, and why do you like it?
My favourite season is spring. It’s warm, the sun is shining and the conditions for gardening are
good. It’s the time when we can plant new flowers and trees. I really like spring!
 Keeps to the word count (30-40 words for each answer).

 Replies fully to each piece of input.
 Sentences follow on from one another in a coherent manner.
 Uses a range of grammar and vocabulary.
 Accurate grammar, punctuation and spelling. It is ok to have errors but the writing must be understood.
Writing part 4
The areas assessed are task fulfilment and register, grammatical range and accuracy, vocabulary range and accuracy,
cohesion.
6 Likely to be above C1 level.

C2
5 Response shows the following features:

C1  Response on-topic and task fulfilled in terms of appropriateness of register. Two clearly
different registers.
 Range of complex grammar constructions used accurately. Some minor errors occur but
do not impede understanding.
 Range of vocabulary used to discuss the topics required by the task. Some awkward
usage or slightly inappropriate lexical choices.
 A range of cohesive devices is used to clearly indicate the links between ideas.
4 Response on-topic and task fulfilled in terms of appropriateness of register: appropriate register
B2.2 used consistently in both responses. Response shows the following features:
 Some complex grammar constructions used accurately. Errors do not lead to
misunderstanding.
 Minor errors in punctuation and spelling occur but do not impede understanding.
 Sufficient range of vocabulary to discuss the topics required by the task. Inappropriate
lexical choices do not lead to misunderstanding.
 A limited number of cohesive devices are used to indicate the links between ideas.
3 Response partially on-topic and task partially fulfilled in terms of appropriateness of register:
B2.1 appropriate register used consistently in one response. Response shows the following features:
 Some complex grammar constructions used accurately. Errors do not lead to
misunderstanding.
 Minor errors in punctuation and spelling occur but do not impede understanding.
2 Response partially on-topic and task not fulfilled in terms of appropriateness of register:
B1.2 appropriate register not used consistently in either response. Response shows the following
features:
 Control of simple grammatical structures. Errors occur when attempting complex structures.
 Punctuation and spelling is mostly accurate. Errors do not impede understanding.
 Limitations in vocabulary make it difficult to deal fully with the task. Errors impede
understanding in parts of the text.
 Uses only simple cohesive devices. Links between ideas are not always clearly indicated.
1 Response not on-topic and task not fulfilled in terms of appropriateness of register. No evidence
B1.1 of awareness of register. Response shows the following features:
 Punctuation and spelling is mostly accurate. Errors do not impede understanding.
understanding in most of the text.
0 Performance below B1, or no meaningful language or the responses are completely off-topic
A1/A2 (e.g. memorised script, guessing).
'Register' means adapting your language to different situations. For example, your language should be different when you
are writing professionally and when you are writing to a friend. The first part is an intimate or casual register used among
family members and close friends. The second part is a formal register used between strangers. You need to show that
you understand the difference. In the second part you should write formally.
Example of a high level (5/5) response for Part 4:
You are a member of a sports club. On your last visit to the club you saw the notice below.
Dear Members,
We are sorry to tell you that from next month membership fees will go up by a minimum of 15%. Also, due to
maintenance the club will close from 4pm on Wednesdays for the next four weeks.
Please feel free to email us at kjmn@goodhealth.com
Write an email to a friend. Write your feelings about the notice and suggest possible alternatives. Write 50
words. You have 10 minutes.
Hey Olga, what do you think about the fee increase at the sports club? I can’t believe they are increasing the
fees and closing early. If you ask me the gym should offer a discount if they plan to close early. I just signed up
and already a fee increase! Not happy!! Maria.
Also write an email to the Customer Service Team, explaining your feelings about the notice and suggesting
possible alternatives. Write 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to complain about the fee increase to take effect from next month and your plan to close early on
Wednesdays.
I have been a member for only three months and feel it is unacceptable to increase the fee so soon after
signing up while also closing early on Wednesdays, which is one of the days when I like to go to the sports
club and meet my personal trainer.
I think you should rethink the fee increase if you are withdrawing services. One alternative is to implement the
fee increase after you have completed the maintenance. Another alternative is to complete the maintenance
after the gym is closed at 10pm.
I look forward to hearing back from you if my recommendations are acceptable. If not, I will look to another
sports club for my membership.
Regards,
Maria
 Understands the difference in writing to a friend as opposed to writing to an authority. The first text is
casual and the second text is formal.
 Answers the input in a coherent manner. The text makes sense.
 Writing is clear, assured and precise using a range of cohesive devices to make the writing flow.
 Grammar and vocabulary is broad and accurate.
Aptis speaking test

Each question has a maximum amount of time to speak but you can end the recording early by clicking on a stop button.
If you finish early, you may not score at the highest levels.
The most common mistakes are the following:
 Not doing a proper sound check.

 Not speaking clearly.
 Not answering the questions.
 Giving under-length answers – not using the full amount of time to speak.
 Overusing words such as 'and' and 'so'.
 Speaking in simple sentence lists.
 Not using a variety of sentence structures.

Part 1 In this part, you are asked to answer three To prepare for this task it is a good idea to
questions on personal topics. You are expected practise introducing yourself and talking about
Personal to talk for 30 seconds per question. your personal experiences. Think about familiar
information topics (e.g. holidays, weekend activities, sports)
and practise giving general information.
At the highest levels, try not to talk in lists but

instead use connecting devices, complex
sentences and a wide range of grammar.
Part 2 In this part you are asked to describe a You should try to be fluent and spontaneous,
photograph and then answer two questions showing little sign of effort. Make sure you
Describe, express related to the topic illustrated in the photo. The answer all three questions.
opinion and three questions increase in complexity (from
provide reasons description to opinion). You are expected to talk
and explanations for 45 seconds per question.
Part 3 In this part you are asked to compare two To prepare for this task, it is a good idea to
pictures and then answer two questions related practise comparing two different things (e.g. two
Describe, to the topic. The three questions increase in cities or two houses). Focus on describing their
compare and complexity (from description to speculation). You advantages and disadvantages.
provide reasons are expected to talk for 45 seconds for each
question. With speculation, it is important to make sure you
and explanations
are using the correct grammatical structures.
Part 4 In the final part you will see a picture and be A common error is to describe the photo. You will
asked three questions about an abstract topic. not receive a high score if you describe the
Discuss You are given one minute to prepare an answer photo. The questions are more abstract (e.g. how
personal and can take notes. You are expected to talk for do you feel about something).
experience and two minutes.
Another common error is to go off-topic. Focus
opinion on an
on answering each question in a clear, smoothly
abstract topic
flowing, well-structured speech.
To prepare for this part it is a good idea to

practise speaking for two minutes on an abstract
topic (e.g. How do you feel about ___?).
Make sure you practise using your planning time

wisely to structure what you are going to say.
Sample speaking questions

Speaking part 1
In this part you first hear (and see) the question. Only box A appears on the screen.
When this is finished you hear (and see) the first question (box B). When the time to record comes, the recording box
appears immediately below the question box. This tells you the amount of time you have been recording for (in this case
just over four seconds) and the total time for the task (in this case 30 seconds).
Sound Recording Test
Part of your exam requires you to use your microphone.
Before you start, we need to make sure your microphone and speakers/earphones
A
are working correctly.
If your computer does not have a microphone or speakers/earphones please seek

assistance.
Step 1: Click the Record button and speak into the microphone.
When you select the Record button you may see a security message. You must
select the Allow button to use your microphone.
Step 2: Click the Play button to listen back to the recording.
00.0 / 00.0 Secs
Click to record Before you start, we need to make sure your microphone and speakers/earphones

assistance.
Click to replay Step 2: Click the Play button to listen back to the recording.
00.0 / 05.0 Secs
Can you hear your recording ok?

No No Yes
Let me try Close this window Take me to the
Then follow the recording again and ask for help exam
instructions here
As each new question appears, the same procedure is followed (boxes C and D)
Part 1. In this part I’m going to ask you three short questions about yourself and your interests. You will
have 30 seconds to reply to each question. Begin speaking when you hear this sound.
B
Please tell me about your family.
04.4 / 30.0 Secs
C
What do you like doing in your free time?
04.4 / 30.0 Secs
D
What’s the weather like today?
04.4 / 30.0 Secs
When your response to the final question has been recorded, the test automatically moves to the next part. You do not
need to click on any button to make this happen.
Note: All Aptis speaking questions follow this procedure. In the following screenshots we have not included the recording
boxes, but they will appear in each task.
The areas assessed are task fulfilment / topic relevance, grammatical range and accuracy, vocabulary range and
accuracy, pronunciation and fluency. Here is the marking scale.
5 Likely to be above A2 level.

B1 (or
above)
A2.2  Some simple grammatical structures used correctly but basic mistakes systematically occur.
 Vocabulary is sufficient to respond to the questions, although inappropriate lexical
choices are noticeable.
 Mispronunciations are noticeable and frequently place a strain on the listener.
 Frequent pausing, false starts and reformulations but meaning is still clear.
A2.1  Some simple grammatical structures used correctly but basic mistakes systematically occur.
 Vocabulary is sufficient to respond to the questions, although inappropriate lexical
choices are noticeable.
 Mispronunciations are noticeable and frequently place a strain on the listener.
 Frequent pausing, false starts and reformulations but meaning is still clear.
 Vocabulary is limited to very basic words related to personal information.
 Pronunciation is mostly unintelligible except for isolated words.
 Frequent pausing, false starts and reformulations impede understanding.

 Vocabulary is limited to very basic words related to personal information.
 Pronunciation is mostly unintelligible except for isolated words.
 Frequent pausing, false starts and reformulations impede understanding.
0 No meaningful language or all responses are completely off-topic (e.g. memorised script,
A0 guessing).
Speaking part 2
In this part you will see a photo and answer three questions. You have 45 seconds to respond to each question.
Part 2. In this part I’m going to ask you to describe a picture. Then I will ask you two questions
about it. You will have 45 seconds for each response. Begin speaking when you hear this sound.
Describe this picture.
Why is it important to celebrate special occasions

with family or friends?
Tell me about a celebration in your country.

The areas assessed are task fulfilment / topic relevance, grammatical range and accuracy, vocabulary range and accuracy,
pronunciation, fluency and cohesion. Here is the marking scale.
5 Likely to be above B1 level.

B2 (or
above)
 Sufficient range and control of vocabulary for the task. Errors occur when expressing
complex thoughts.
 Pronunciation is intelligible but inappropriate mispronunciations put an occasional strain
on the listener.
 Some pausing, false starts and reformulations.
complex thoughts.
on the listener.
A2.2  Uses some simple grammatical structures correctly but systematically makes basic mistakes.
 Vocabulary will be limited to concrete topics and descriptions. Inappropriate lexical
choices for the task are noticeable.
 Mispronunciations are noticeable and put a strain on the listener.
 Noticeable pausing, false starts and reformulations.
 Cohesion between ideas is limited. Responses tend to be a list of points.

0 Performance below A2, or no meaningful language or the responses are completely off-topic
(e.g. memorised script, guessing).
Speaking part 3
In this part you will see two photos and again answer three questions.
Part 3. In this part I’m going to ask you to compare two pictures, and I will then ask you two
questions about them. You will have 45 seconds for each response. Begin speaking when you
hear this sound.
Tell me what you see in the two pictures.
Which of these two places would it be better to bring

children up in?
What would it be like to live in these two places?

The marking scale is the same as for part 2.
5 Likely to be above B1 level.

B2 (or
above)
complex thoughts.
on the listener.
complex thoughts.
on the listener.

0 Performance below A2, or no meaningful language or the responses are completely off-topic (e.g.
memorised script, guessing).
Speaking part 4
In this part, you again need to answer three questions but this time you answer them all in one response. You have one
minute to prepare a structured response. A progress bar on the screen will indicate how long you have left. When
preparation time is over, the message at the bottom ('You now have two minutes to talk') appears and you may speak until
the recording automatically stops after 2 minutes.
Part 4. In this part I’m going to show you a picture and ask you three questions. You will have one
minute to think about your answers before you start speaking. You will have two minutes to answer
all three questions. Begin speaking when you hear this sound. Look at the photograph.
Tell me about a personal achievement or award you have received.

How did you feel about this achievement?
Do awards encourage people to do their best?
THIS MESSAGE IS
SPOKEN ONLY
You now have a minute

to prepare your answer.
You may take notes.
You now have two minutes to talk

During the preparation time, it is important to take notes, as it will help you organise and remember your response. Rather
than writing out exactly what you want to say, make brief notes and use these to structure your speech. Here are some
examples of note taking:
1. Tell me about a personal achievement or award you have received.

 exam certificate
 at school
 highest score in class
 teacher very pleased
 parents proud
2. How did you feel about this achievement?

 surprised
 exam was very difficult
 feelings of satisfaction and relief
3. Do awards encourage people to do their best?

awards: a good thing
 encourage excellence
 evidence/recognition of success
awards: a bad thing
 make some people too competitive
 can create disappointment if you don't win
Areas assessed are task fulfilment / topic relevance, grammatical range and accuracy, vocabulary range and accuracy,
pronunciation, fluency and cohesion. Here is the marking scale:
6 Likely to be above C1 level.

C2
5 Response addresses all three questions and is well-structured.

C1  Uses a range of complex grammar constructions accurately. Some minor errors occur but
 Uses a range of vocabulary to discuss the topics required by the task. Some awkward
usage or slightly inappropriate lexical choices.
 Pronunciation is clearly intelligible.
 Backtracking and reformulations do not fully interrupt the flow of speech.
 A range of cohesive devices are used to clearly indicate the links between ideas.
B2.2  Some complex grammar constructions used accurately. Errors do not lead to
misunderstanding.
 Pronunciation is intelligible. Mispronunciations do not put a strain on the listener or lead to
misunderstanding.
 Some pausing while searching for vocabulary but this does not put a strain on the listener.
B2.1  Some complex grammar constructions used accurately. Errors do not lead to
misunderstanding.
misunderstanding
 Limitations in vocabulary make it difficult to deal fully with the task.
 Pronunciation is intelligible but occasional mispronunciations put an occasional strain on the
listener.
 Noticeable pausing, false starts, reformulations and repetition.

 Pronunciation is intelligible but occasional mispronunciations put an occasional strain on the
listener.
0 Performance not sufficient for B1, or no meaningful language, or the responses are completely
A1/A2 off-topic (memorised or guessing).
Aptis Advanced test

This section details the different tasks you will find in the Aptis Advanced test. The layout of the test and the components
tested are exactly the same as the Aptis test. The grammar and vocabulary is also exactly the same so we will not cover it
here. All of the tips that we share in this guide are relevant for both tests and the marking system for the speaking and
writing test is also the same.
Aptis Advanced reading test

In this test you have 60 minutes to complete the 4 parts. Three parts are different to those in the Aptis test.

Part 1 In this part, you have four people's opinions on Make sure you read all four opinions before trying
one topic. You need to read all their opinions and to answer the questions. Remember, the same
then choose who said what for 7 questions. You person can be used for more than one answer.
must answer each question.
Part 2 Matching headings.
This is the same as the Aptis test.
Part 3 This is a short text of around 300 words with Make sure you read the whole text before trying
missing gaps. You must choose the right word or to answer. This isn't a grammar test so all the
phrase from the drop-down to complete the gap. options can fit grammatically into the sentence,
you need to understand the whole text to choose
the right one.
Part 4 Here you have two short texts on the same topic. You definitely need to read both texts before
You need to fill in the blank with the appropriate answering as again all the options are
phrase. grammatically possible so you can only choose
the right one if you have read both texts.
Aptis Advanced listening test

There are three parts which are different to the Aptis test. These are aimed at the higher levels so there are more things
you need to do in each part.

Part 1 This part is the same as the Aptis test. You will Please refer to our previous listening tips for
listen to five short recordings of monologues or websites and ideas.
dialogues and answer one question for each
recording.
Part 2 In this part, you will listen to three recordings of Use the fact that you can listen twice to your
monologues or dialogues and you will have to advantage here. Read through the questions
answer two questions for each recording. before you listen and predict what someone
might say about these things. Then, on your first
listen, select your answers and listen a second
time to confirm.
Part 3 In this part, you will hear a discussion between a Use your time wisely. Read the options and make
man and a woman. On the screen you will see a notes on what you think you should listen for (e.g.
number of opinions. You will need to identify who numbers, synonyms.)
expresses which opinion: the man, the woman, or
both the man and the woman. You will only hear
this once and you have 20 seconds to read
through the options.
Part 4 In this part, you will hear two separate Make sure you use the time to read through all
monologues. You will need to select the correct the options. Use this time to predict what kind of
answers from a table. You will only hear each words you expect them to mention around these
monologue once. You have 20 seconds to read opinions so you can listen out for hints.
the options in the table.
Aptis Advanced writing test

Part 1 In this part you will have a social network-type Make sure you correctly answer all three
interaction. You will receive three questions and questions and don't go off-topic.
Three written need to respond. This is the same task as the
Aptis test part 3. Focus on accurate spelling and punctuation and
parts of text,
write text that is cohesive and coherent.
all of which
require Keep to the word count of 30-40 words per
responses answer.
Part 2 In this part you will read an email from an Make sure you are on-topic and that you use the
authority. You need to respond to the email in appropriate register for the situation (see the
Email response 120 -150 words, using the notes provided, Aptis writing test for information about correct
expressing how you feel about the situation. use of register).
Part 3 In this part you will write an article for a website Try to make your article informative and
that is both informative and interesting. Notes interesting and use original text (i.e. don't just
Article for about the topic are provided and you need to use copy the notes).
website the information to help write the article. The
publication article needs to be between 180 and 220 words.
Aptis Advanced writing part 2

The areas assessed are task fulfilment, register, grammatical range and accuracy, vocabulary range and accuracy,
punctuation and spelling and cohesion.
6 Response fully on-topic and appropriate register used.

C2 Response shows the following features:
 Range of complex grammar constructions used accurately. No grammar errors occur.
 Range of vocabulary used. No awkward or inappropriate lexical choices.
 No more than two minor punctuation or spelling errors occur.
 Range of cohesive devices used to clearly indicate the links between ideas.

 Range of complex grammar constructions used accurately. Minor grammar errors occur.
 Range of vocabulary used. Some awkward or slightly inappropriate lexical choices.
 Minor errors in punctuation and spelling occur.

B2.2 Response shows the following features:
 Some complex grammar constructions used accurately. Errors do not impede understanding.
lexical choices do not impede understanding.
 Punctuation and spelling errors do not impede understanding.
 Limited number of cohesive devices are used to indicate the links between ideas.
3 Response partially on-topic and/or appropriate register partially used.
2 Response partially on-topic and/or appropriate register partially used.

1 Response not on-topic and/or task not fulfilled in terms of appropriateness of register.
0 Performance below B1, or no meaningful language or the response is completely off-topic (e.g.
A1/A2 memorised script, guessing).
Aptis Advanced writing part 3

The areas assessed are task fulfilment, grammatical range and accuracy, vocabulary range and accuracy, coherence and
cohesion.
6 Response is informative and interesting. Clever use of the input with mostly original text.
 Range of complex grammar constructions used accurately. Minor errors occur.
 Range of vocabulary used accurately. No awkward or inappropriate lexical choices.
5 Response is not interesting. Correct use of the input with mostly original text.
 Range of complex grammar constructions used accurately. Minor errors occur.
 Range of vocabulary used. Some awkward or slightly inappropriate lexical choices.
4 Response is not interesting. Correct use of the input with mostly original text.
 Sufficient range of vocabulary to discuss the topic required by the task. Inappropriate
3 Response is not interesting or informative. Key parts of the input are missing with mostly original
B2.1 text.
Response shows the following features:
2 Response is not interesting or informative. Key parts of the input are missing with mostly original
B1.2 text.
1 Response is not interesting or informative. Input is not used correctly or text is mostly copied from
B1.1 the input.
understanding in most of the text.
0 Performance below B1, or no meaningful language or the responses are completely off-topic
A1/A2 (e.g. memorised script, guessing).
Aptis Advanced speaking test

Part 1 In this part you are asked to compare two To prepare for this part, it is a good idea to
pictures and then answer two questions related practise comparing two different things (e.g. two
Describe, to the topic. The three questions increase in cities or two houses). Focus on describing their
compare and complexity (from description to speculation). You advantages and disadvantages.
provide are expected to talk for 45 seconds for each
reasons and question. This is the same as the Aptis speaking With speculation, it is important to make sure you
explanations test part 3. are using the correct grammatical structures.
Part 2 In the part you will be asked three questions about A common error is to go off-topic. Focus on
an abstract topic. You are given one minute to answering each question in a clear, smoothly
Discuss prepare an answer and can take notes. You are flowing, well-structured speech.
personal expected to talk for two minutes. This is the same
as the Aptis speaking test part 4 but there is no To prepare for this part it is a good idea to
experience and
picture. practise speaking for two minutes on an abstract
opinion in
topic (e.g. How do you feel about ___?).
relation to an
abstract topic Make sure you practise using your planning time
wisely to structure what you are going to say.
Part 3 In this part you need to speak on a topic for one Structure your presentation and make sure you
and a half minutes. You will have one minute to provide both sides of the argument. Try and
Presentation prepare. After your presentation, you will be asked speak like you are speaking to an audience or a
an additional question about the topic and asked group so make it interesting.
to speak for 45 seconds. There is no preparation
time for this additional question.
Aptis Advanced speaking part 1 is the same as the Aptis speaking test part 3. Aptis Advanced speaking part 2 is the same
as the Aptis speaking test part 4.
Aptis Advanced speaking part 3

The areas assessed are task fulfilment / topic relevance, grammatical range and accuracy, vocabulary range and
accuracy, pronunciation, fluency and cohesion.
6  Presentation is convincingly presented and well-structured, highlighting and expanding on

C2 points from each section.
 The follow-up question response is well-structured. There is a clear and coherent response.
 Uses a range of complex grammar constructions accurately. Some very minor errors
occur but do not impede understanding.
 Uses a range of vocabulary to discuss the topic required by the task. No awkward usage
or inappropriate lexical choices.
 Backtracking and reformulations do not interrupt the flow of speech.
5  Presentation is clear, highlighting points from each section. Gives reasons in support of or
C1 against particular points of view.
 The follow-up question response is coherent.
 Uses a range of complex grammar constructions accurately. Some minor errors occur but
 Uses a range of vocabulary to discuss the topic in the poster in his/her own words. Some
awkward usage or slightly inappropriate lexical choices.
 Backtracking and reformulations do not fully interrupt the flow of speech.
4 Response addresses points from each section, the follow-up question is on-topic and the
B2.2 response shows the features associated with B2 spoken production.
3 Response does not address points from both sections, the follow-up question is on-topic and the
B2.1 response shows the features associated with B2 spoken production.
Features associated with B2 spoken production:
 Some complex grammar constructions used accurately. Errors do not lead to misunderstanding.
misunderstanding.
2 The candidate is unable to construct a coherent and sustained response, is heavily dependent on
B1.2 the input prompts and is not able to address the follow-up question. The response shows the
features associated with B1 spoken production.
1 The candidate is unable to construct a coherent and sustained response, reads directly from the
B1.1 prompts and is not able to address the follow-up question. The response shows the features
associated with B1 spoken production.
Features associated with B1 spoken production:
 Pronunciation is intelligible but occasional mispronunciations put an occasional strain on
the listener.
0 Performance not sufficient for B1, or no meaningful language, or the responses are completely
A1/A2 off-topic (memorised or guessing).
How to take the online test

When you start every Aptis test, the introductory screen looks like this:
Component: Sample Paper Candidate:

Finish
Introduction 1 Progress: 0%
Grammar and Vocabulary
The Grammar Test consists of 25 multiple choice questions.

The Vocabulary Test consists of 25 questions in 5 sets.
In total the Grammar and Vocabulary Test consists of 50 questions.
There is one mark for each correct answer.
The time allowed is 25 minutes.
This Demonstration Test includes 6 multiple choice grammar questions as
examples.
This Demonstration Test includes 15 vocabulary questions in 3 sets as
examples.
This material is for demonstration purpose only.
Preferences Tutorial Start Component
On screen, the questions will appear like this:

Finish
Section Grammar / Question 1 Progress: 0%
1
GRAMMAR
G... 2
A: She’s French, isn’t she?
3
B: No,____________, she’s from Belgium.
4
5
6
V... exactly
actually
anyway
Preferences Tutorial Introduction  Previous Flag Question Next 

The different parts of the page are explained below:

Finish
Section Grammar / Question 1 Progress: 0%
1 1
GRAMMAR
G... 2
A: She’s French, isn’t she?
3 B: No,____________, she’s from Belgium.
4
5
V... 6 1 exactly
G... 2
4
3
4 actually
2 5
6
V...
anyway
5 6 7 8
Preferences Tutorial Introduction  Previous Flag Question Next 
1. Tab to see the Grammar part.

2. Tab to see the Vocabulary part.
3. When you answer a question it turns grey and the progress indicator begins to turn red.
4. Click one of these to answer.
5. To change the colours of the screen.
6. To access the online tutorial at any time.
7. To return to the introduction page at any time.
8. If you don’t know the answer immediately, click here to flag the question.
This is a reminder to return to the question later.
The best approach to preparing for the test is to practise using the full practice test available on the
Aptis website, which will provide you with a percentage score at the end of each component to give
you an idea of how you are performing.
Sound recording
Make sure your test is taken in a quiet room.
When you click to start the speaking test, screen A appears. This allows you to check the sound recording system on your
computer. When you have recorded a sample of speech, screen B opens. Replay the sound. If you can hear it properly
click on Yes (take me to the exam), if not click on No (let me try recording again).
During the microphone check, make sure you say a whole sentence and not just one or two words. Assessing the quality
of the microphone needs more than a few words.

A
Before you start, we need to make sure your microphone and speakers/earphones

assistance.
Step 2: Click the Play button to listen back to the recording.
00.0 / 00.0 Secs

B
Click to record Before you start, we need to make sure your microphone and speakers/earphones

assistance.
Click to replay Step 2: Click the Play button to listen back to the recording.
00.0 / 05.0 Secs
Can you hear your recording ok?

No No Yes
Let me try Close this window Take me to the
Then follow the recording again and ask for help exam
instructions here
The recording bar should look like this:
Attempts: 1 00.0 / 45.0 Secs
If the line takes up all the space, then there is a loud noise (usually a technical issue) and we are not able to hear the
recording. You should alert the invigilator if the recording bar looks like this:
If the recording is a flat line then the recording is not loud enough. The microphone may be too far from the mouth. A
complete flat line means there is no recording, which is usually a technical issue. You should alert the invigilator if the
recording looks like this:

Accommodations and special needs

The British Council cares about candidates with special needs. Aptis has experience in delivering tests to candidates who
have special needs so that English language ability can be assessed objectively, regardless of any disability.
The following accommodations are currently available:

 different delivery modes (e.g. pen and paper tests).
 braille versions of the core and reading components.
 different colour settings on the screen.
 extra time.
If you require a modified version of a test (e.g. braille or pen and paper tests) or modifications of the testing environment
(e.g. extra time), or any other accommodation, contact us at least four weeks before your test so that we can discuss your
needs and make suitable arrangements.
Final checklist
We hope that these notes have helped you prepare for your Aptis or Aptis Advanced test. Here is a checklist to make sure
you are fully prepared:
 Review the different grammar parts:

http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-british-council-eaquals-core-
inventory.pdf.
 Visit the LearnEnglish website to prepare for the grammar and vocabulary test:
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en.
 Visit the English Club to prepare for the vocabulary test:
www.englishclub.com.
 Review the section 'How to take an online test' and pay particular attention to the section on the
sound recording.
 Do a practice test so that you are familiar with the test structure and software:
www.britishcouncil.org/exams/aptis.
 Practise your English skills at every opportunity. Listen to English radio (e.g. BBC World Service),
watch English-language television and films and read the graded readers (e.g. Cambridge, Penguin,
Macmillan and Headway).
 Read the tips in this booklet on how to prepare for each test.
For more information, please visit www.britishcouncil.org/aptis
© British Council 2016

The British Council creates international opportunities for the people of the UK and other countries and builds trust between them worldwide.
A registered charity: 209131 (England and Wales) SC037733 (Scotland).
Conjunciones
And
• I study and my brother watches TV
As (mientras; la 2° acción ocurre antes de que la 1° haya finalizado, o

evolucionan paralelamente)
• As he grew older he became more aggressive
Because (porque)
• You cannot go to the party because you are too young
Both ... and
• Both the Spanish team and the English one play football quite well
But
• I studied very hard but I didn't pass the exam
Either ... or
• I have to decide to go either to Paris or to London
However (como quiera, sin embargo)
• I explained my problem to him, however he didn't understand it
If (si -condicional-)
• If he studys he will pas his exams
Neither ... nor
• I like neither this tie nor that one
Nevertheless (sin embargo)
• I didn't receive an invitation to the party; nevertheless I went there
1
Not only ... but also
• My brother not only speaks French but also German
Or
• From here to Gibraltar you can go by train or by car
Otherwise (de otro modo)
• We must leave now, otherwise we will lose our flight
So (por lo tanto)
• It was raining a lot, so we decided to rest at home
That (que)
• I didn't know that you had bought a new car
Therefore (mismo significado que "so" pero más formal)
• I had fever; therefore I didn't go to work
Though (aunque, pero) ("Although" tiene el mismo significado pero es

más formal)
• He didn't admit his fault, though he knew it was his responsibility
Unless (a menos que)
• Unless you study more you won´t pass your exams
When (cuando; las dos oraciones ocurren simultáneamente o una detrás de

la otra)
• When the weather is good lots of people go to the beach
2
Diferencia entre When / as
Las 2 se utilizan para acciones paralelas.
La conjunción "when" también se utiliza cuando una acción ocurre después

de la otra:
• When you finish your homework you will play with your friends
"As" también se emplea cuando una acción ocurre antes que finalice la otra
• As I flew to Barcelona I started feeling bad
While (mientras)
• While I was away my house was burgled
and - y
•
• He played the guitar and sang wonderful songs.
El tocó la guitarra y cantó maravillosas canciones.
• It is hard for a student to work and study at the same time.
Es difícil para un estudiante trabajar y estudiar al mismo tiempo
not only...but also... - no solo...sino también...
•
• Mary plays not only the guitar but also the violin.
Mary no solo toca la guitarra sino también el violín.
• Not only is Sally disappointed at her brother but also angry at his remarks.
Sally no solo está decepcionada por su hermano sino también enfadada por su comentarios.
not only...but...as well - no solo...sino...también
•
• She is not only beautiful but very intelligent as well.
Ella no solo es hermosa sino que es muy inteligente también.
• Mary and Bill not only argued, but shouted at each other as well.
Mary y Bill no solo discutían sino que se gritaban también.
both...and... - tanto...como... / ambas cosas
•
• Many politicians desire both money and power.
Muchos políticos desean tanto dinero como poder.
• Bill wants both to earn more money and to work less.
Bill quiere ambas cosas, ganar más dinero y trabajar menos.
no sooner...than... - apenas...cuando...
3
• The baker had no sooner turned off the oven than
the last customers arrived.
El panadero apenas había apagado el horno cuando llegaron los últimos clientes.
• I had no sooner gotten into the bathtub than the telephone rang.
Apenas me había metido en la bañera cuando sonó el teléfono.
or - o
•
• We'd better leave right now or we'll miss our bus.
Es mejor que nos vayamos ahora o perderemos el autobús.
• Can you do that by yourself, or you need my help?
¿Puedes hace eso solo, o necesitas mi ayuda?
either...or... - o...o...
•
• Either you shut your mouth and listen or you leave the class.
O te callas la boca y escuchas, o te vas de la clase.
• That clerk is either incompetent or too lazy to be efficient.
Ese oficinista es incompetente o demasiado perezoso para ser eficiente.
neither...nor... - no...ni...
•
• The musician neither played the piano well nor sang good songs.
El músico no tocó bien el piano ni cantó buenas canciones.
• Jack neither wrote nor telephoned.
Jack no escribió ni llamó por teléfono.
whether...or... - si...o...
•
• We must decide whether to go there today or tomorrow.
Debemos decidir si ir allí hoy o mañana.
• Mary wondered whether to travel or to stay and save the money.
Mary se preguntaba si viajar o quedarse y ahorrar el dinero.
or else... - o sino...
•
• We have to hurry up, or else we'll miss our bus.
Tenemos que apurarnos o de lo contrario perderemos el autobús.
• You have to pay the rent of the house, or else you will be evicted.
Usted tiene que pagar el alquiler de la casa, o sino será desalojado.
otherwise - de otro modo
•
• You'll have to hurry up, otherwise you'll be late.
Tendrás que darte prisa, o de otro modo llegarás tarde.
• Leave right now, otherwise you'll be caught.
Vete ahora, de otro modo te atraparán.
if - si
•
• If I see him, I'll give him the message.
Si lo veo, le daré el mensaje.
4
• What shall we do, if they don't accept the offer?
¿Qué haremos si ellos no aceptan la oferta?
whether - si
•
• I don't know whether they will agree on that subject.
No sé si ellos estarán de acuerdo en ese tema.
• I wonder whether she really wants to do that.
Me pregunto si ella realmente quiere hacer eso.
unless - a menos que
•
• You won't pass the exam unless you study harder.
No pasarás el exámen a menos que estudies más duro.
• Don't go there unless they call you.
No vayas allá a menos que ellos te llamen.
provided / providing - siempre que, mientras
•
• We'll go fishing this afternoon, provided it doesn't rain.
Iremos a pescar esta tarde, siempre que no llueva.
• You can borrow my car providing you return it today.
Puedes tomar prestado mi coche siempre que lo regreses hoy.
as long as - siempre que, mientras
•
• You can stay here as long as you work hard.
Te puedes quedar aquí mientras trabajes duro.
• Nobody will know this secret as long as you keep mum.
Nadie sabrá este secreto siempre que mantengas la boca cerrada.
in case - en caso de que
•
• Call this phone number in case you get lost.
Llama a este número de teléfono en caso de que te pierdas.
• We will take our umbrellas in case it rains.
Llevaremos nuestros paraguas en caso de que llueva.
although / though / even though - aunque
•
• Although Jack is not very tall, he is excellent at basketball.
Aunque Jack no es muy alto, es excelente en el baloncesto.
• She decided to go to work, though she was not feeling well.
Ella decidió ir al trabajo, aunque no se estaba sintiendo bien.
even if - incluso si
•
• Even if he’s right, that doesn’t give him the right to be arrogant.
Incluso si él tiene razón, eso no le da el derecho de ser arrogante.
• I will finish the project by tomorrow, even if I have to work all night.
Terminaré el proyecto para mañana, aun si tengo que trabajar toda la noche.
5
not even if - ni siquiera si
•
• He will not do that work, even if he is paid for it.
El no hará ese trabajo, ni siquiera si se le paga por ello.
• They will not finish on time, even if they hurry up.
Ellos no terminarán a tiempo, ni siquiera si se dan prisa.
despite / in spite of - a pesar de
•
• Despite his bad reputation, the politician won the elections.
A pesar de su mala reputación, el político ganó las elecciones.
• It was a great match in spite of the bad the weather.
Fue un gran juego, a pesar del mal tiempo.
regardless of - sin importar, sin que importe
•
• They decided to finish the project, regardless of the cost.
Decidieron terminar el proyecto, sin que importe el costo.
• A patriot will defend his nation, regardless of the consequences.
Un patriota defenderá a su nación, sin importar las consecuencias
therefore - por lo tanto
•
• I don't know her phone number, therefore I can't call her.
No sé su número de teléfono, por lo tanto no puedo llamarla.
• She didn't study, therefore she coudn't pass the exam.
Ella no estudió, por lo tanto no pudo aprobar el examen.
hence - de ahí
•
• English is not her mother tongue, hence her mistakes.
El inglés no es su lengua materna; de ahí sus errores.
• Frank was raised in a farm, hence his ability to ride horses.
Frank fue criado en una granja, de ahí su capacidad de montar a caballo.
thus - por lo tanto
•
• He overslept and thus, arrived late for the appointment.
Se quedó dormido, por lo tanto llegó tarde para la cita.
• She hadn't eaten for days and thus felt very weak.
Ella no había comido por días y por lo tanto se sentía muy débil.
so - entonces
•
• His car broke down, so he took it to a garage.
Su coche se descompuso, entonces lo llevó a un taller mecánico.
• She was a little fat, so she decided to go on a diet.
Ella estaba un poco gorda, entonces decidió comenzar una dieta
6
consequently - por lo tanto, en consecuencia
•
• They were found guilty and consequently sent to prison.
Se los encontró culpables y por lo tanto fueron enviados a prisión.
• They argued all the time, consequently they eventually got divorced.
Ellos discutían todo el tiempo, por lo tanto, finalmente se divorciaron.
then - entonces
•
• If it is not here, then it's lost.
Si no está aquí, entonces está perdido.
• If you like those shoes, then why don't you buy them?
Si te gustan esos zapatos, entonces ¿porqué no los compras?
moreover - además
•
• Soccer is a good sport; moreover, it is very easy to learn.
El fútbol es un buen deporte; además es muy fácil aprenderlo.
• They work very hard; moreover, they do a very good job.
Ellos trabajan muy duro; además hacen un buen trabajo.
furthermore - además
•
• He is perfect for the job; furthermore, he is the only applicant.
El es perfecto para el puesto; además, es el único postulante.
• I dont want stay here; furthermore, I have things to do.
No quiero quedarme aquí; además, tengo cosas que hacer.
besides - además
•
• I don't like that house; besides, it's too expensive for me.
No me gusta esa casa; además es demasiado cara para mí.
• I don't want to sell my car; besides, I need it for my job.
No quiero vender mi auto; además lo necesito pra mi trabajo.
in addition to - además de
•
• In addition to being a great person, the physician was an excellent professional.
Además de ser una gran persona, el médico era un excelente profesional.
• Mrs. Baker had a great interest in literature, in addition to her interest in music.
La Sra. Baker tenía un gran interés por la literatura, además de su interés por la música.
but - pero
•
• He spoke clearly, but I didn't understand him.
Habló claramente pero no lo entendí
• She saw me, but she didn't recognize me.
Ella me vió pero no me reconoció.
however - sin embargo
7
• They were not having fun; however they stayed until the party was over.
Ellos no se estaban divirtiendo; sin embargo se quedaron hasta que la fiesta terminó.
• He doesn't study much; however he gets good grades at school.
El no estudia mucho; sin embargo obtiene buenas notas en la escuela.
nonetheless / nevertheless - sin embargo
•
• It was very stormy; nevertheless we went fishing.
Estaba muy tormentoso; sin embargo fuimos de pesca.
• She had no experience; nonetheless she got the job.
Ella no tenía experiencia; sin embargo consiguió el trabajo.
yet / even so - sin embargo, aun así
•
• He was a very good swimmer; even so, he drowned.
El era un muy buen nadador; aún así, se ahogó.
• He wanted to reply to that accusation, yet he didn't.
El quer ía contestar a esa acusación; sin embargo no lo hizo.
still - sin embargo
•
• Jack didn't study for the test; still he managed to pass it.
Jack no estudió para la prueba, no obstante, logró aprobarlo.
• He can not speak very well; still he understands everything.
No puede hablar muy bien, sin embargo, entiende todo.
instead - en su lugar, en lugar de ello
•
• I was invited to a party on Saturday, but went to bed instead.
Fui invitado a una fiesta el sábado, pero me fui a dormir en lugar de ello.
• I am not going out tonight. Instead, I will stay home and cook something.
No saldré esta noche. En cambio, me quedaré en casa y cocinaré algo.
on the contrary - por el contrario
•
• The boy is not dumb; on the contrary, he's very smart for his age.
El muchacho no es tonto; al contrario él es muy inteligente para su edad.
• Condors are solitary birds. On the contrary, seagulls live in flocks.
Los cóndores son aves solitarias. Por el contrario, las gaviotas viven en bandadas.
because - porque
•
• The baby is crying because he is hungry.
El bebé está llorando porque tiene hambre.
• They want to come because they want to see me.
Ellos quieren venir porque quieren verme.
for - porque
•
• We'll have to stay home, for it is raining outside.
Tendremos que quedarnos en casa porque est á lloviendo afuera.
8
• She turned on the lights, for she was afraid of the dark.
Encendió las luces porque tenía miedo a la oscuridad.
because of - debido a
•
• They stayed in because of the bad weather.
Ellos se quedaron en casa debido al mal tiempo.
• She can not play sports because of her illness.
Ella no puede hacer deportes debido a su enfermedad.
since - puesto que, ya que
•
• He won't understand, since he doesn't speak English.
No entender á, puesto que no habla inglés.
• They decided to go to sleep, since it was very late.
Decidieron irse a dormir, puesto que era muy tarde.
as - puesto que, ya que
•
• She failed to pass the exam, as she made many mistakes.
No pudo pasar el examen, puesto que cometi ó muchos errores.
• They couldn't find us, as they didn't have our address.
No pudieron encontrarnos, ya que no tenían nuestra dirección.
due to / owing to - debido a
•
• The unemployment was high due to the economic crisis.
El desempleo era alto debido a la crisis económica.
• They had a delay owing to the traffic jam.
Tuvieron una demora debido al embotellamiento de tráfico.
so - entonces
•
• So, tell me what you think about my new dress!
Entonces, dime que piensas acerca de mi nuevo vestido!
• George knew he had to wake up early so he went to bed at 8pm.
George sabía que tenía que levantarse temprano, entonces se fue a la cama a las 8pm .
so that - para que
•
• He gave her a present so that she would feel better.
El le dió un regalo para que ella se sintiera mejor.
• You should study more so that you can pass the exam.
Deberías estudiar más duro para que puedas aprobar el exámen.
so as to - para que, de manera que
•
• We moved the table so as to have more space for dancing.
Mudamos la mesa para tener más espacio para bailar.
• Jack opened the window so as to let in the sunlight.
Jack abrió la ventana para dejar entrar la luz del sol.
9
so as not to - para no
•
• He took a nap so as not to be too tired for the party.
Tomó una siesta para no estar demasiado cansado para la fiesta.
• She wrote down his address so as not to forget it.
Ella anotó su dirección para no olvidarla.
in order to - para
•
• They left early in order to arrive in time for the movie.
Ellos salieron temprano para llegar a tiempo para la película
• We are working harder in order to earn more money.
Estamos trabajando más duro para ganar más dinero
10
Exam speaking: Describe a photo or picture – tips
In some speaking exams you have to talk about photos or pictures. Watch
the video of two students doing this task on our website. The tips below
will help you to do really well in this type of speaking exam.
Do:
 Look at your picture carefully and take a few moments to think before you start talking.
 Talk for all the time you are given. If you have one minute to do the task, use every second.
 Practise the useful language below so you can explain which part of the picture you are talking
about.
Don’t:
 Panic if you don’t know the words for all the things in the picture. You don’t need to know all the
words for everything in the picture if you know what to say when you don’t know an exact word.
 Get distracted and start talking about something else. Focus on the photo or picture.
 Panic if your mind goes blank. Take a deep breath, look at the picture and start again.
If you are asked to describe a photo or a picture in the exam, here is some language you can use:
What is in the picture? In the picture I can see ...

There’s / There are ...
There isn’t a ... / There aren’t any ...
Say what is happening with the The man is ...ing

present continuous The people are ...ing
It’s raining.
Where in the picture? At the top/bottom of the picture ...

In the middle of the picture ...
On the left/right of the picture ...
next to
in front of
behind
near
on top of
under
If something isn’t clear It looks like a ...

It might be a ...
He could be ...ing
Maybe it’s a ...
ERRORES MÁS COMUNES EN LAS REDACCIONES
1. People is  People en inglés es plural. Por tanto, se dice “people are” (la gente es)
2. The people are  El “the” se elimina en nombres genéricos como people o cuando
generalizamos. Por ejemplo:
Peple are intelligent (La gente es inteligente) / Men are tall (los hombres son altos)
3. Much (mucho/a para incontables) / Many (muchos/as para incontables) / Very (muy).
Ejemplos: much water / many tables / she is very intelligent.
4. Los adjetivos van delante del nombre. Por ejemplo
Coche nuevo  new car (sería incorrecto decir “car new”)
5. Después de like, love y hate el verbo se escribe en gerundio, excepto si “love, like y
hate” van en condicional. Por ejemplo:
I like singing (Me gusta cantar) / I would like to sing (me gustaría cantar).
6. Los verbos en ingles siempre lleva sujeto, aunque en español pueda quitarse porque se
sobreentienda. Por ejemplo:
(Ellos) trabajan duro (they work hard) En español “ellos” puede quitarse, en inglés
nunca.
7. Las fechas en inglés se dicen con la preposición “on”, al igual que los días de la semana.
Por ejemplo:
El 5 de septiembre  On 5th September
El lunes / martes  On Monday / Tuesday.
8. Después de preposición el verbo en inglés se escribe en gerundio. Por ejemplo:
I earn money for eating (Gano dinero para comer).
9. “En casa” o “en mi casa” en inglés se dice “at home”. Por ejemplo:
I like eating at home (me gusta comer en casa / en mi casa)
10. Los adjetivos en inglés son invariables. No llevan plural. Por ejemplo:
They are very intelligent (nunca se podría decir intelligents).
11. Un deporte después del verbo “go” se expresa en – ing. Por ejemplo:
We usually go walking / They sometimes go running.
12. El comparative de superioridad se puede formar añadiendo “–er” a los adjetivos cortos o
escribiendo “more” antes de los adjetivos largos. Por ejemplo:
John is taller than James (nunca podríamos decir “more tall”)
John is more intelligent than James (nunca podría ser intelligenter)
13. El verbo “esperar” en ingles se expresa de varias formas:
- Tener esperanza (I hope you to win  espero que ganes)
- Esperar a algo o alguien (I am wainting for you  te estoy esperando)
- Esperar algo de alguien (I expect you to pass  espero que apruebes)
14. “Meet” significa “quedar” o “quedar con” y no es necesario añadir “with”(con). Por
ejemplo:
I usually meet my friends at night (normalmente quedo con mis amigos de noche).
15. New year  año nuevo / Christmas EveNoche Buena / New Year’s Evenoche vieja
FALSOS AMIGOS INGLÉS/ESPAÑOL
INGLES ESPAÑOL EQUIVALENCIA FALSA TRADUCCIÓN

Core Inventory
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 The Inventory represents the core
Functions Directions Describing habits and routines Checking understanding Critiquing and reviewing Conceding a point of English language taught at Common
Describing habits and routines Describing past experiences Describing experiences and events Describing experiences Critiquing and reviewing constructively European Framework of Reference
Giving personal information Describing people Describing feelings and emotion Describing feelings and emotions Defending a point of view persuasively
Describing places Developing an argument systematically
(CEFR) levels A1 to C1 in English. Only
Greetings Describing places Describing hopes and plans
Telling the time Describing things Expressing opinions; language of Developing an argument Emphasizing a point, feeling, issue the features most commonly included
Understanding and using numbers Obligation and necessity agreeing and disagreeing Encouraging and inviting another Expressing attitudes and feelings at each level have been listed. In any
Understanding and using prices Requests Initiating and closing conversation speaker to continue, come in precisely particular context, teachers and syllabus
Suggestions Managing interaction (interrupting, Expressing abstract ideas Expressing certainty, probability, doubt writers would add other language points
changing topic, resuming or Expressing agreement and Expressing opinions tentatively,
continuing) disagreement hedging to this minimal core, based upon an
Expressing opinions Expressing reaction, e.g. indifference analysis of the needs and interests
Expressing reaction, e.g. indifference Expressing shades of opinion and of the learners concerned. Decisions
Interacting informally, reacting, certainty on recycling of language have also been
expressing interest, sympathy, Responding to counterarguments
surprise etc. Speculating and hypothesising about left to teachers and syllabus writers.
Opinion, justification causes, consequences etc. The inventory can also be used
Speculating Synthesising, evaluating and glossing by learners as a guide to essential
Taking the initiative in interaction information language for self-directed study.
Synthesizing, evaluating, glossing info
Grammar Adjectives: common and demonstrative Adjectives – comparative, – use of Adverbs Adjectives and adverbs Futures (revision) Teaching not testing
Adverbs of frequency than and definite article Broader range of intensifiers such Future continuous Inversion with negative adverbials The core inventory has been created
Comparatives and superlatives Adjectives – superlative – use of as too, enough Future perfect Mixed conditionals in past, present with teachers and learners in mind. Each
Going to definite article Comparatives and superlatives Future perfect continuous and future language point appears at the level(s) at
How much/how many and very Adverbial phrases of time, place Complex question tags Mixed conditionals Modals in the past
common uncountable nouns and frequency – including word order Conditionals, 2nd and 3rd Modals – can’t have, needn’t have Narrative tenses for experience, which it is considered of most relevance
I’d like Adverbs of frequency Connecting words expressing Modals of deduction and speculation incl. passive to the learner in the classroom.
Imperatives (+/-) Articles – with countable and cause and effect, contrast etc. Narrative tenses Passive forms, all Language testers should note that
Intensifiers - very basic uncountable nouns Future continuous Passives Phrasal verbs, especially splitting learners are not expected to have
Modals: can/can’t/could/couldn’t Countables and Uncountables: Modals - must/can’t deduction Past perfect Wish/if only regrets
Past simple of “to be” much/many Modals – might, may, will, probably Past perfect continuous
mastery of the language points at that
Past Simple Future Time (will and going to) Modals – should have/might have/etc Phrasal verbs, extended stage. What we teach, what learners can
Possessive adjectives Gerunds Modals: must/have to Relative clauses do with the language, and what we test
Possessive s Going to Past continuous Reported speech in examinations are not always identical.
Prepositions, common Imperatives Past perfect Will and going to, for prediction
Prepositions of place Modals – can/could Past simple Wish
Prepositions of time, including in/on/at Modals – have to Past tense responses Would expressing habits, in the past Development methodology
Present continuous Modals – should Phrasal verbs, extended A number of sources were drawn on,
Present simple Past continuous Present perfect continuous including:
Pronouns: simple, personal Past simple Present perfect/past simple n an analysis of the language implied
Questions Phrasal verbs – common Reported speech (range of tenses)
There is/are Possessives – use of ‘s, s’ Simple passive by CEFR descriptors
To be, including question+negatives Prepositional phrases (place, time Wh- questions in the past n an analysis of content common to
Verb + ing: like/hate/love and movement) Will and going to, for prediction various CEFR-based language school
Prepositions of time: on/in/at syllabuses and popular coursebooks
Present continuous
Present continuous for future
for English, and
Present perfect n a teacher survey.
Questions
Verb + ing/infinitive: like/ Status
want-would like
The Inventory documents current best
Wh-questions in past
Zero and 1st conditional practice, and can be used in conjunction
with databases of learner language like
the forthcoming English Profile.
Discourse Connecting words, and, but, because Linkers: sequential – past time Connecting words expressing Connecting words expressing cause Linking devices, logical markers
Markers cause and effect, contrast etc and effect, contrast etc. Markers to structure and signpost
Linkers: sequential past time Discourse markers to structure formal and informal speech
fromal speech and writing
Linkers: although, in spite of, despite
Linkers: sequential – past time –
subsequently
Vocabulary Food and drink Adjectives: personality, description, Collocation Collocation Approximating (vague language)
Nationalities and countries feelings Colloquial language Colloquial language Collocation
Personal information Food and drink Things in the town, shops and Colloquial language
Things in the town, shops and shopping Things in the town, shops and shopping shopping Differentiated use of vocabulary
Verbs – basic Travel and services Travel and services Eliminating false friends
Formal and informal registers
Idiomatic expressions
Topics Family life Education Books and literature Arts Arts

Hobbies and pastimes Hobbies and pastimes Education Books and literature Books and literature
Holidays Holidays Film Education Film
Leisure activities Leisure activities Leisure activities Film Media
Shopping Shopping Media Media News, lifestyles and current affairs
Work and jobs Work and jobs News, lifestyles and current affairs News, lifestyles and current affairs Scientific developments
Technical and legal language
10 11
B1 41 Checking understanding
From speaker’s point of view
46 Discourse Markers
48 Linkers: sequential – past time (later)
n Is that clear? n He finished the e-mail and then went out
2 Functions/ notions n Well, actually . . .
n Do you follow me?
for a while.
19 Describing places n Well not really.
n Later, he looked at it again, to see
n Cairo is the capital city of Egypt. It is n Do you know what I mean?
n I’m sorry but I think you’re wrong. if he had missed anything important.
on the banks of the River Nile. It has n Do you understand?
a population of more than 10 million n I see what you mean but . . . n After that, he changed the text a little.
From listeners point of view
people. Cairo has a rich history. 33 Talking about films and books n Finally he spellchecked it and sent it.
The famous pyramids and the sphinx n I’m sorry, did you say “. . .”?
■■ Meryl Streep was brilliant.
are located just outside the city. 49 Connecting words expressing cause
n Is this what you are saying? . . .
■■ It was difficult to follow. and effect, contrast etc.
20 Describing past experiences and n I’m not sure I understand. Are you n On the other hand, we could stay
■■ It was set in Chicago.
storytelling saying that . . . ? at home and watch television.
n Last year we went to Thailand for our ■■ It was about a woman who went
n Do you mean . . . ? n However, this depends on the number
holidays. We visited many interesting around the world.
places. I went scuba-diving while my 42 Managing interaction (interrupting, of people you’ve invited.
■■ If you like action movies you will like
boyfriend went on an elephant ride. this one changing topic, resuming or continuing) n Therefore, it is cheaper to take the bus.
We also tried lots of different kinds Interrupting
■■ It had a happy ending. 52 Markers to structure informal spoken
of food. We had a great time. n Sorry, to interrupt you but . . .
■■ I think you should read this book. discourse
21 Describing feelings, emotions, n I have a question. ■■ Right.
■■ I liked this book because . . .
attitudes ■■ Really?
n Could I interrupt here?
n He felt a little nervous about the exam. 39 Discourse Functions
n Do you mind if I say something? ■■ Well, anyway . . .
n I’m fed up with this British food. n 40 Initiating and closing conversation
■■ Oh I know.
Initiating: n Could I just say something?
n We should all use public transport
■■ Yes, I suppose so.
as much as possible. n Hi! My name’s Paula. What’s your name? n Sorry, I just wanted to say . . .
■■ I know how you feel
n I’m sorry to hear that. n Excuse me- can I talk to you for Changing the topic
a minute? ■■ You know, I don’t like her either.
n Anyway, . . .
29 Expressing opinions
n Excuse me, please. Have you got n By the way, there’s something else I 59 Questions
n I think England will win the World Cup
a minute? wanted to tell you. 61 Wh-questions in the past
n I don’t think he is old enough
n Excuse me, please. I wonder if you could Resuming a conversation n Who did you see at the party?
to get married.
help me.
n Anyway, . . . n How long have you been studying
n In my opinion, it’s too expensive.
n Let me introduce myself. n Anyway, what was I saying? English?
31 Expressing agreement/ disagreement n Guess what! n What were we talking about? n Why did you get the tattoo?
n I think so too.
n You will never believe what n To get back to what I was saying . . . n What happened then?
n You’re right I saw yesterday Continuing
n What have you been doing since you
n Exactly! Closing: n Anyway, . . . left school?
n Yes, I agree. n It’s been nice talking to you. Bye. n So, as I was saying . . .
62 Complex question tags
n Okay, . . .
n I think you are absolutely right. n I’m sorry. I’ve got to go now. n He hasn’t come home yet, has he?
n So do/am I. n Must go – see you later. n He built the house himself, didn’t he?
n Neither do I. n See you later. Take care.
52 53
55 Verb forms n They had already paid by the time 89 Conditionals 106 Modals: Possibility
66 Past I asked for the bill. 90 Zero and first conditional 109 Might, may, will, probably
67 Simple past n Ahmed had just arrived. ■■ If you heat water, it boils. n I might be half an hour late.
n When he fell, he cut his leg ■■ If you press this button, it switches off. n Petra will probably be late too.
73 Future
■■ If we don’t tell him, he’ll be angry. She’s usually late.
n I went to London on Sunday and 76 Future time (will & going to)
someone stole my camera. (Prediction) ■■ What will he do if he doesn’t find a job? n We may go to Egypt this year.
n They had so much fun that they forgot n If they continue to play this badly, ■■ We’ll go swimming if the water is n Are you going to have a party in your
to check what the time was. Liverpool are going to lose the cup. warm enough. new flat? I don’t know. I may, I may not.
n Spurs will probably win the league 110 Must/can’t (deduction)
68 Past continuous 91 Second and third conditional
this season. n Mohamed can’t be at home yet, I saw
n It happened while I was watching n If I won the lottery I’d buy a big house
television yesterday. n Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. in the countryside. him leave just a few minutes ago.
n I was coming home from work when n He will pass his driving test eventually. n What would you do if they asked you n I don’t believe it. It can’t be true.
the car in front of me suddenly stopped. to work in America? n That must be Brigitte’s father. She told
77 Future continuous
n Car “A” was coming from a side street. n I’ll be working late tomorrow. n I would have told Jim, if I had seen him. me he was coming.
The driver wanted to turn left. The other n You’ve just walked all the way from
n He’ll be arriving on the last train n If we hadn’t gone out last night, we
car was coming along the road. It was Oxford Street. You must be tired.
from Manchester. wouldn’t have missed them.
moving really fast. The driver of car “A”
didn’t see it. They hit each other. n My girlfriend would have killed me 111 Modals: Obligation & Necessity
80 Present Perfect
if I’d forgotten her birthday. 114 Must/have to
69 Used to 81Present perfect
94 Phrasal Verbs n I really must lose some weight before
■■ They used to live in Portugal. n She’s just gone to the shop.
the holiday.
■■ I used to have a really nice wallet, n I’ve started but I haven’t finished it yet. 96 Extended phrasal verbs
but I lost it. n He turned the jobs down. n Passengers must not put their feet
n He still hasn’t arrived. on the seats.
■■ When I went to primary school I used n They made the story up.
to walk to school with a friend, but my 82 Present perfect, past simple n I can’t come tonight because I have
n She switched the light on.
mother used to collect me in the n I’ve been to Thailand twice. I went to meet my cousin.
afternoons. there in 2003 and 2007. Have you 97 Passives n I have to make an appointment this
■■ I never used /didn’t use to like olives, been there? 98 Simple passive week. It hurts!
but now I love them. n He’s won every match so far. n The lock was broken.
116 Ought to
70 Would expressing habit in the past n He won every tournament last year. n The trees were damaged by the storm. ■■ I really ought to spend less money.
■■ Every night I would tell my little brother
n I’ve had about 9 cars. n Rome wasn’t built in a day. ■■ You ought to inform the police.
a story and he would fall asleep in
the middle. n We went out together for six months. ■■ My parents will be worried. I ought
100 Other verb forms
■■ During the summer holiday we would n When I was at school I studied French
to phone.
101 Reported speech (range of tenses)
get up early and go to the beach. for about 5 years. 117 Need to
n She said she liked brown bread.
n I have studied French since I was ■■ I need to get back to work.
71 Past perfect n He asked if she wanted to go home.
n The train had left when I got to the
14 years old. ■■ Do you really need to wear such
n John told them the machine
station. old jeans?
83 Present perfect continuous was working.
n When I got home, Joan had already n How long have you been playing tennis? ■■ Do we need to buy tickets before we
n She explained that she’d lost my
cooked supper. get on the train?
n It’s been raining non-stop for two telephone number.
days now.
n He’s been working on the report
all morning.
54 55
118 Modals: Past 155 (Adjectives and) adverbs ■■ The maths test was unbelievably easy. 189 Topics
119 Should have, might have/etc. n She’s a good singer. She sings really well. ■■ That’s much too difficult for a B1 test. 195 Leisure activities
n We had a great time in Crete. You should n The instructions were not very clear. 196 Education
166 Lexis
have come with us.
n My mother has been working too 197 Film
170 Things in the town, shops
n The letter should have come yesterday. hard recently. and shopping 198 Books and literature
n They might have arrived already. n This cheese is a bit hard. n It fits really well but do you think 199 News, lifestyles and current affairs
n She might have gone home. it suits me?
156 Adverbial phrases of degree/extent, 200 Media
probability n I need to get some toothpaste from
134 Articles
■■ The water was extremely cold. the chemist’s in the shopping mall.
138 With countable and uncountable
nouns ■■ He speaks very quickly. n Can you hold on while I get a magazine
■■ He speaks too quickly. from this newsagent?
n Don’t go in the water. It’s freezing.
n I would like milk in my tea. ■■ There will probably be some speeches 171 Travel and services vocabulary
after the meal. n I’m sorry, we don’t accept cheques.
n He was wearing black jeans.
■■ He’ll definitely win. Do you have a debit or credit card?
140 Determiners n You need to check in at least two hours
157 Comparative and superlative form
143 Broad range (e.g. all the, most, both) of adverbs before departure.
■■ All the seats are taken.
■■ Paula got ready more quickly than n The gate number will be announced
■■ We haven’t got enough paper the others. on the monitor in the departure lounge.
for everyone. ■■ Jenson Button was faster in practice.
179 Contrasting opinions
■■ Several people are waiting. ■■ I’m afraid he’s getting worse. (on the one hand…)
144 Adjectives ■■ The person who most frequently got ■■ On the one hand, he is good with people.
ill was Angela. On the other hand he does not think
148 Collocation of adjective before he speaks.
n I didn’t want to wake him from his ■■ Stig worked the hardest.
■■ Even though he earns very little
deep sleep. ■■ Marie did the worst in the exam. he is always very generous.
n The student produced some really ■■ Paulo did the best at maths. ■■ Mind you, he is still very fit.
high quality work.
160 Intensifiers 181 Collocation
n We couldn’t get to work because
of the heavy snow. 163 Broader range of intensifiers n I’m going to take a quick shower.
(such as too, so enough)
n There was a strong smell of coffee n Its midnight but I still feel wide awake.
■■ He’s a really good driver.
in the room. n There’s a good chance he’ll be late.
■■ Do we have enough cake to go round?
151 Adverbs ■■ He came back so suddenly. 182 Colloquial language
154 Adverbial phrases of time, place ■■ She’s so intelligent it’s scary. n That’s a really cool top you’re wearing.
and frequency including word order n My boss is nice but he talks really posh.
■■ The ball was just too fast.
n We usually go abroad in summer. n The kids had a brilliant time at the zoo.
■■ He’s quite good at science.
n I have never been abroad.
n He stayed behind yesterday.

164 Wide range (such as extremely,
much too)
n They often play upstairs. ■■ We did quite well.
■■ I’ve got a terribly difficult decision
to make.
56 57
B2 27 Synthesizing, evaluating, glossing
information
n Fantastic idea!
n Brilliant!
n To sum up, the government will need
2 Functions/ notions ■■ He was born in a little village in the
to cut spending for the next five years. n Great!
North East of Estonia on the 22nd
20 Describing experiences n Whatever.
of October, 1928. n All in all, it was a miserable performance.
n I was walking the dog in the park when
■■ My degree was in economics, n To be fair, it was his own fault for parking n That’s ridiculous!
I heard a loud crash. I looked in the
direction of the noise and saw that specialising in finance. where he shouldn’t have. n How’s that possible?
a huge tree had fallen down. There were ■■ You need to place the pizza dough in n In short, they were better than us n Really?
some people screaming and calling a warm bowl, cover it with a cloth or at promoting their ideas
place it somewhere warm, leave it to rise n No way! I don’t believe it.
for help and some children were trapped
under one of the fallen branches. for 30 minutes or until it doubles in size. 28 Speculating
33 Critiquing and reviewing
n I wonder if John will be going to the
21 Describing feelings and emotions 24 Expressing abstract ideas n I think that ‘Treasure Island’ is still popular
party.
n Corruption is widespread in that part with children even though the language
n He was furious when he saw that his new
of the world. n If she got the nomination, she could is rather dated.
bicycle had been damaged.
probably win if she gathered enough
n There is little respect for human rights n In spite of its popularity I feel that ‘The
n She screamed in anger at how stupid support from the community.
during war time. Beach’ is a very overrated book which
her brother had been.
n What do you think would happen if they appeals mainly to gap-year students.
n Heather was delighted with her shot n Education is the way out of poverty did discover oil there?
for many young people. n The film was a bit disappointing, really.
and her face glowed with pride.
n What if Teresa hadn’t turned up?
n The best part was when …..
n Why should we suffer just because 25 Expressing certainty, probability, doubt
our neighbours like loud parties? 29 Expressing opinions n It was really good when ….
■■ I’m absolutely certain it’s going to rain.
n If I were you, I’d just say no.
n I don’t think it’s right for passengers ■■ It’s impossible to get him out of bed 34 Developing an argument
to put their feet on the seats. before 10 o’clock. n From her point of view, we have to do
n To begin with it’s a bigger problem
this as soon as possible
■■ He’s probably gone to the library. than you think.
22 Describing hopes and plans
n The way I see it is that you’ll have to
n I am having a meeting with my boss ■■ We’re definitely not going to Spain n As far as I am concerned this has
this year. study very hard.
on Friday. nothing to do with the issue.
■■ Are you sure we will arrive in time? n I feel we should do it.
n How are you going to get to France? n The way I see it, the family is more
n I really don’t think it’s a good idea. important.
n How long are you going to Jamaica for? 26 Generalising and qualifying
I’d love to see the photos when you ■■ On the whole I think it is a good idea. 31 Expressing agreement/ disagreement n That’s the reason I don’t want to work
get back. ■■ Generally speaking, the teachers are n That’s just what I was thinking. there anymore.
n I’ll call you soon. very helpful n You know, that’s exactly what I think. In academic discourse style:
n I am going to go around the world ■■ More often than not he shops in the n One reason why…
n I totally agree.
when I’ve saved enough money High Street. n Another argument for/against . . . is . . .
n That’s a good point.
■■ Taking into consideration the cost of
n I hope to get a job in Australia next year. n X maintains that . . .
travel, you might not want to buy a flat n No I’m afraid I can’t agree with you there.
n I’ve always wanted to visit the Taj Mahal. so far away. n Y states that . . .
n You can’t be serious!
23 Giving precise information ■■ We’ll stay for a week or two, depending n It could be argued/asserted that . . .
n Don’t be silly!
■■ I’ll meet you at 2pm in the children’s on the cost. n In conclusion . . .
section of Waterstones in Oxford Street. ■■ Provided that there is no rain, the n That’s ridiculous.
39 Discourse Functions
■■ In my job I mainly have to deal concert will go ahead as planned. 32 Expressing reaction, e.g. indifference
41 Checking understanding
with clients, particularly arranging n Why ask me?
and following up on orders. From speaker’s point of view
n Thank gooodness ■■ Are you following me?
58 59
■■ Let me know if you have any questions? n Pilar, would you like to kick off? Invitation in one-to-one interaction n Consequently, he moved to London
■■ Does that make sense? n Shall we begin? n Don’t you agree?
to be closer to his family.
From listener’s point of view During the meeting n Is that okay with you? 50 Linkers: although, in spite of, despite
■■ If I understood/understand you correctly, n In spite of her illness during the course,
n Jenny, can tell us how the n How about you?
there are no planes at all on Saturday. Human Resources reorganisation she managed to qualify successfully.
n What do you reckon/think?
■■ Do you mean I can’t talk to the boss is coming along? n Despite the rain we all had a great time.
right now? Invitation in group interaction
n How does that affect your n Although I was very young at the time,
■■ Are you trying to say you don’t want department, Rosa? n What do you think, Mario? I remember what happened quite clearly.
to go out with me anymore? n Let’s hear what Gabriella has to say.
n Let’s move on, shall we? 53 Discourse markers to structure formal
■■ Let me see whether I’ve understood
Keeping interaction participants on topic n James might have something to say speech
you correctly.
n We don’t have time to go into that matter
on this. n To begin, I would like to introduce
■■ So what you‘re really saying is . . . my colleagues.
right now. n Fiona knows a lot about this.
■■ Am I right in assuming . . . n Furthermore, I believe that the best way
n Let’s get back to the issue under n Hey, you did something like that,
42 Managing interaction (interrupting, discussion, shall we? didn’t you? forward is to provide more training.
changing topic, resuming or continuing) n hat’s another topic, really. n Moreover, the idea that depression can
45 Interacting informally, reacting,
Interrupting only be cured by medication is now
n Can we keep to the point, please. expressing interest, sympathy, surprise
■■ Actually, . . . being challenged.
n Wow, that’s fantastic.
n Let’s not get distracted.
■■ I’m sorry but . . . n Consequently, we have to be prepared
n Really? Tell me more.
n Taking initiative in non-control situation for a fall in profits next year.
■■ Just a minute!
n Tell me all about it.
■■ Yes, I know, but . . . ! n I’d like to say a few words here. n Regarding our position on nuclear
n I don’t believe it! power, that has not changed.
■■ Hang on! n Yes, I think I can contribute to this point.
n Oh wow! n Additionally, we will also provide support
■■ Hold on! n My expertise in this area might help
to clarify the situation. n Oh you poor thing. throughout the process.
■■ Changing the topic
n That’s awful. What a shame! n In conclusion, we have agreed to give
n Perhaps, I could say something here.
■■ Oh, by the way . . . £3,000 to the charity.
■■ That reminds me . . . 44 Encouraging and inviting another 46 Discourse Markers
speaker to continue, come in. 55 Verb forms
■■ This has nothing to do with what we are 48 Linkers: sequential – past time
talking about but . . . To continue (subsequently) 67 Simple past (narrative)
n Carry on. n Subsequently, he went on to be one n To help pay for his keep and to help
■■ On another subject..
of our best salesmen. his family, Andrew, who was still only
■■ Talking about holidays, did you know that n Go on.
15 years old, began working ten-hour
I’m off to Florida next week? n Following this he decided to leave
n Really? days at a Kensington hotel washing
the country.
■■ Before I forget . . . dishes and cleaning the kitchen.
n Mmm…mmm….
49 Connecting words expressing cause He earned just 6 pounds per week.
Resuming n Don’t stop. and effect, contrast etc. The harsh working conditions and the
■■ Anyway, I was telling you about John’s cruelty of the kitchen staff had a strong
n Tell me more… n I know it would be good fun to watch
party . . . influence on his later political outlook,
n What makes you say that?
the late-night film. Nevertheless, I think
■■ To get back to what I was saying . . . we should all get an early night before and informed his work when he began
n What makes you think that? the big event tomorrow. his literary career, particularly the novel
43 Taking the initiative in interaction that made him famous, ‘Working Boy’.
n I’m all ears. n I would like to tell you more. However,
Control and delegation at start
n I’m listening. that is as much as I am allowed to reveal 68 Past continuous (narrative)
n Andre, would you like begin?
at this time. n Antonio was walking away from the
crowd when the trouble started. He was
60 61
trying to get home but the buses were n Will you be using the car tomorrow? tomorrow. to be compulsory, has now been
not running. He was just crossing the n She wished she hadn’t hurt his feelings.
dropped from the syllabus.
78 Future perfect
bridge to safety when he heard the n She told us all about her new boyfriend,
sound of breaking glass. He was telling n I’d better go and collect the girls. 94 Phrasal Verbs
They’ll have finished school by now. whom none of us knew anything about.
himself not to get involved when 96 Extended phrasal verb
a bottle smashed right beside him. n I’ll call you at six. Will you have arrived n They ran quickly through the streets,
n Let’s splash out on a bottle of
by then? all of which were covered in a thick
69 Used to (narrative) champagne. blanket of snow.
n We used to play at the park at the edge n She won’t have left by then. n Watching that programme has put me
of the town. 118 Modals
79 Future perfect continuous off chicken.
119 Modals of Deduction and Speculation
70 Would expressing habit in the past n Julia will have been studying Economics n I’ll take you up on that offer.
n You shouldn’t have read her journal.
n Every autumn we would steal apples for 5 years when she graduates next
97 Passives It should be private.
from their garden. We would eat year.
the sour fruit and come home holding 99 All passive forms n You should have asked her earlier.
n You’ll have been travelling for 4 days
our stomachs. when you get to Bangkok. You’d better n I’m being eaten alive by these It’s too late now.
book a hotel and have a couple of mosquitoes. n He shouldn’t have any problem doing
71 Past perfect
days rest. n I wasn’t told about the new rules. such a simple task. (Assumption)
n When I’d climbed to the top of the hill,
I looked back down and saw something 80 Present Perfect n I thought that I was being followed. n The plane should have arrived by
I hadn’t seen before. n Did you think that you were being
now. (Assumption)
83 Present perfect continuous
n He had broken the vase when he n You’ve been spending a lot of time criticised? n I knew we might have to pay to get in.
had come in through the window. on the Internet recently. n The new treatment for malaria has been n You shouldn’t have shouted at him.
n He had had a terrible day up until that n They’ve been working very hard to get found to be very effective. He might have hit you.
point. building completed on time. n The weather could have been better
100 Other verb forms
n Honestly, we haven’t been wasting but we still had a good time.
72 Past perfect continuous 101 Reported speech (range of tenses)
n I was tired. I’d been working for our time. n She said she’d been waiting for ages. n You could have told me!
sixteen hours. n Have you been seeing Julie behind
n I knew we’d be late. 120 Modals: can’t have, needn’t have
n They had been driving so fast that the my back?
n She thought she could do it all herself. n It can’t have been John you saw,
police had difficulty stopping them. 89 Conditionals because he was with me.
n They reported that the volcano might
n Had they been waiting long? 92 Mixed conditionals n What can he have done with the keys?
erupt at any time.
n If I had studied harder, I’d be at He can’t have lost them again.
73 Future n They said it should be fun.
university now. n You needn’t have bothered getting
76 Future time (will & going to) n I told her I had to go.
(Prediction) n If I’d got that job I applied for I’d be here on time. He’s always late.
n You will succeed where I have failed. working in Istanbul. 102 Relative clauses
134 Articles
n I’ve lost the books that I borrowed from
n Here comes the bus now. We aren’t n I would have driven you to the match
the library. 139 With abstract nouns
going to be late after all. if I didn’t have so much work. ■■ History tended to be uninteresting
n Where is the man that sells second-hand when I was at school.
n Don’t worry. He’ll be here on time. n If I wasn’t working in July, I would have
suggested we go camping in France. records?
■■ The early history of Scotland is full
77 Future continuous (Prediction) n The children he played with thought of betrayal.
n This time next year, I’ll be working 93 Wish
he was much younger.
n I wish I was rich. ■■ Happiness in marriage is something
in Japan and earning good money.
n This is my cousin Verena , who teaches you have to work at.
n I’ll be visiting my mum on Thursday. n I wish today wasn’t Monday. music. ■■ Education is not compulsory in many
Can you come another time? n I wish I wasn’t going into hospital developing countries.
n Shelly and Byron’s poetry, which used
62 63
■■ The education I received was first-rate.
■■ Charity begins at home.

n The story has been told many times
before. Nonetheless, it is still a warning C1
to us all.
2 Functions/ notions 27 Synthesizing, evaluating,
151 Adverbs glossing information
n Some students continue to live with their
21 Expressing attitudes and
155 Adjectives and adverbs parents. However, I prefer to be feelings precisely n In a nutshell, it was the headmaster
n He scored a direct hit. independent. who had to take responsibility.
n Well it would be all right if they came out
n The train goes direct to London without 180 Summarising exponents and said it, but I have a bit of a problem n To cut a long story short, he ended
even stopping at York. (briefly, all in all . . . ) with . . . up sleeping on my floor.
n There’s no such thing as a free lunch. n In a word, it was a disaster. n I don’t really feel comfortable with . . . n All things considered, I think we’ve made
n Feel free to use it whenever you want. n We felt that the idea was in general n I couldn’t care less whether . . . or not. the best decision.
a good one; the more we spend on n Another way of putting this would be
n He went straight to work. n I’m afraid this is something I feel quite
advertising the higher our sales will be. to say . . .
n Next draw a straight line across the top
strongly about.
n To sum up, if we can’t make more money n To recap on what has been said
of the paper. n Cristina became a vegetarian and her
some people will have to lose their jobs so far, . . .
father had rather mixed feelings about
158 Attitudinal adverbs
181 Collocation this. 28 Speculating and hypothesising
■■ Frankly, I couldn’t care less
n I’d prefer a dry wine. n Michael felt completely devastated. about causes, consequences etc.
■■ Clearly, he was in the wrong.
n The resort has a range of luxury Somebody had deliberately sabotaged n Supposing he had missed his train?
■■ Apparently, he was in line for promotion. his research but he did not know who
accommodation to offer. n If the pound did drop to parity with the
■■ Fortunately, he had a spare pair of shoes could do such a thing. euro, Britain might be better off in the
n He’s a very heavy smoker.
with him. n When I reached the summit of the long run.
n I’m retaking the exam next week.
160 Intensifiers mountain I felt a great burden had been n Well if we don’t do something about the
182 Colloquial language lifted from my shoulders. My childhood oil spill, there could be a lot more fallout
165 Collocation of intensifiers dream had finally come true. Looking
n She’s just been dumped by her than just dead fish. I mean, the water
■■ After working all day and all night he was down into the valleys far below I felt
totally exhausted. boyfriend. could be polluted for decades.
a sense of pride in my achievement.
■■ He was absolutely horrified when n There’s no hurry. Let’s just chill out for n If you’d arrived on time, we would
I wanted to shout out loud from the top
he realised what he had done. an hour or two. of the world. probably have missed the traffic.
■■ She’s completely hopeless when n I can’t be bothered with the hassle. n If she didn’t get so excited, she might
25 Expressing certainty,
it comes to housework. n She fell and landed on her bum. get more work done.
probability, doubt
■■ I am entirely satisfied that he followed n It is highly likely that the airport will 29 Expressing opinions
the correct procedure. 189 Topics
be closed again tomorrow. tentatively, hedging
196 Education
166 Lexis n No doubt he’ll bring his dog as usual. n I assume you’ll be going home for
197 Film Christmas.
179 Contrasting opinions n There’s bound to be trouble at
(on the one hand . . . ) 198 Books and literature n Am I right to think you’re responsible?
the meeting.
n The weather forecast is good. 199 News, lifestyles and current affairs n It’s supposed to be good.
n Is that settled, then? Yes. It’s settled.
Nevertheless, you always need 200 Media
n It looks as if she’s going to be late. n I’m just not so sure, it could be okay.
to be careful in the mountains.
201 Arts n Maybe she is the best person for the job.
n In spite of his age, he is still goes n Surely, you don’t think it was my fault?
camping in the wild. n I should think he’ll be delighted with
the surprise.
n It could well be the best solution.
64 65
30 Expressing shades of opinion n What are you trying to say? n There are several reasons for this: one . . n He’s not Roger Federer but he is a very
and certainty . , two . . . , and finally . . . good tennis player.
n Absolutely!
n There’s no doubt about the fact that
n The main reason for this . . . is/may be . . . 37 Defending a point of view persuasively
there is going to be inflation. n I don’t believe it.
n Some people might argue that . . . n I know this may not be a popular
n No, I’m absolutely sure. I mean look n That’s amazing!
However . . . conclusion, but it seems to me we have
at the figure for X. n Oh, you poor thing. to face (facts/ the fact that . . . )
n Opponents of this idea try to suggest
n I may be wrong, but I think higher n You can say that again! n I do appreciate that what I proposed
that . . . However . . .
inflation is almost certain. may be expensive/painful/a surprise to
33 Critiquing and reviewing n It’s clear that . . .
n I have a feeling there may be some people, but I really am convinced
n The (report) highlights some important n No one would dispute that . . .
a problem here. the evidence shows we need to . . .
issues but it does not, to my mind,
n I suppose that could be an option. get to the bottom of the problem. n It is generally accepted that . . . n I recognise that this may . . . , but . . .
n I rather doubt that he’ll come. n It’s an excellent summary, but I think n All the evidence/data indicates/suggests n But one should not lose sight of the fact
it would be improved by a deeper that . . . that . . .
n It’s not something I feel strongly about
consideration of X. n Thus to conclude, the central issues are . n But surely one still needs to take X into
n Well one option/possibility might be
n The (report) sets out to do X, and it does . . /the key point is . . . account
to go earlier.
parts of this well, but it seems to me n In conclusion, before we . . . we need
n I really think that the people who produce 38 Responding to counterarguments
to lack . . . to . . .
our food should not be exploited. But the n What you say may be true in some
n The good/best thing about (the report) is 35 Conceding a point contexts, however in this case….
problem is that sometimes fair trade
goods are more than double the price. that it is so concise. It really hits the nail n I see what you mean, but . . . n You may be right, but I still think
When this is the case I tend to buy the o n the head.
n I take your point. I agree we need . . . / that . . ..
cheaper product. I am not proud of this, n Well, it starts well, but then after x pages/
It’s certainly true that . . . n Whilst it may indeed be true that . . . ,
but I am sure there are many other in the section on X, I had the impression
n I have to admit that . . . I still think . . .
people exactly like me. that it . . .
n It is true that . . . n There is no evidence to show that ….
n I thought the meeting was a missed n The plot involves the disappearance
opportunity to actually do something of a sacred sword and introduces us n Though I hate to say it, I think you are n On the contrary, . . .
good for a change. But I know that when to various levels of castle intrigue. right that . . . n I think you have misunderstood the point
it comes to environmental issues, Stephenson weaves his usual magic by I was making . . .
n That may be true, but . . .
governments tend to talk a lot and make giving us snippets of information here
grand promises, and then go back and and there, now from the royal chambers, n I can see where you are coming from
36 Emphasizing a point, feeling, issue
carry on just the same as before. If they now from the castle kitchens. The master but there are problems with your
n The main point I’d like to emphasize here
really wanted to make a difference they of gothic science fiction has provided analysis of the situation.
is the fact that parents have an important
wouldn’t just set so-called ‘green us with a real page-turner. The only role to play in a child’s education n In some circumstances, I would agree
objectives’ but would pass laws which criticism that might be levelled here is with you entirely, but in this case . . .
n 75% of those interviewed said that
would have an immediate impact on that the author assumes that the reader
public transport was not as safe. Yes, n Even so, he still has a long way to go
the environment.. is already familiar with characters and
75% think public transport is now more before he is suitable management
the world they inhabit. To get the most
32 Expressing reaction, e.g. indifference dangerous. material.
out of this book one needs to have
n To be honest, I simply don’t care. n After turning the whole house upside- n No matter how you look at it, he made
read the previous books in the series.
n Why bother? down, the police found nothing. a mistake.
34 Developing an argument Absolutely nothing.
n It’s not such a big issue. systematically n All the same, she deserves another
chance.
n I don’t really mind/have an opinion, n It is frequently argued that . . . , however
one way or the other. n X is clearly a topic of concern to many
people nowadays
66 67
46 Discourse Markers 55 Verb forms n In the summer we went to Devon for ■■ This time next year I’ll be sun bathing
54a Markers to structure and signpost 66 Narrative tenses for experiences, years. My Dad would ask us to navigate. on my yacht in Antibes. I’ll be mixing with
informal speech and writing including passive It was a way of keeping us quiet. We celebrities from all over the world. I’ll be
n We’ve a bit more money coming in than
would watch out for named pubs and driving a look-at-me car and going to
67 Simple past (narrative)
we had last year. Mind you, we’ll still read the road signs. Usually we counted fancy restaurants.
n I went home that evening in a very cars too. I would count VWs; my more
need to be careful with the heating bills. sombre mood. I tried to relax. I made ■■ At the speed things are moving, the case
sophisticated brother counted Jags. will have expired before it is brought
n He’d spent all his money without myself a cup of coffee and turned on I would usually win.
realising. So, he couldn’t afford a taxi the television. But I just could not get the to court.
and had to walk home. incident out of my mind. The more 71 Past perfect (narrative) ■■ At the end of next year, I’ll have been
I thought about things, the more certain n When he returned to the UK things were working here for 5 years!
n Then guess what happened?
I was that something just didn’t make very different. Maria had given up her
n On top of that his girlfriend was really sense. I decided to go back over job in the library and gone back to 89 Conditionals
angry with him. everything the next day. university. Reza had finally left home and 92 Mixed conditionals in the past, present
had moved in with a rather odd group and future
54b Markers to structure and signpost 68 Past continuous (narrative)
formal speech and writing – especially of postgrads who had very strict house ■■ If she had taken her studies more
n They were late as usual, hoping the rules about everything from the storage seriously last year, she’d have more job
logical markers
guests would be a little late. Miriam was of food to when guests were allowed to opportunities now.
n The pound is not as strong as it was two still in the kitchen preparing enormous
years ago. Moreover, the cost of flights visit. Brigitte seemed to have completely ■■ If Lola had given me the information
bowls of salad. Her father was tidying disappeared. Just six months before they
has gone up . . . away all his papers which were usually earlier, she’d be coming with us on
had been inseparable. Although he had holiday.
n Profits are likely to fall this year. scattered over every available space known that it couldn’t last, it surprised
Consequently, we need to prepare our in the dining room. John was keeping him just how quickly things had changed. ■■ If I were rich, I would have bought that
shareholders for some bad news. a lookout at the front gate, kicking painting we saw yesterday.
pebbles along the path. 72 Past perfect continuous (narrative)
n He was warned many times about the ■■ If Nareene didn’t come with us
n Whoever it had been must have had
dangers of mountain climbing in winter. 69 Used to (narrative) to Glastonbury, everyone would
Nevertheless, he continued to tackle a key. So if his parents had been visiting be disappointed.
n That bit of the coastline used to be much
some of the toughest peaks. their friends in Lyon, and his sister had
less busy than it is these days. Lisa and 93 Wish/if only & regrets
been out celebrating the end of term
n Despite the clear danger that was her brothers loved exploring the coves
with her boyfriend, then there was only ■■ I wish I’d studied a bit harder.
pointed out to him, he insisted on and beaches for miles in both directions.
one person who would have been able
continuing so he is at least partly They used to get up really early, run ■■ You wish you’d kept your mouth shut,
to get into the house that night.
responsible for what happened. down the rocky path that led to Shell Bay don’t you?
and go for a swim before breakfast. 76 Futures (revision) ■■ If only he’d take more care of his health.
n The cost of fuel has gone up. Therefore
Yes, those days were fun. ■■ My brother and his girlfriend are getting
it is hardly surprising that there has been ■■ If only I had behaved a bit better,
n I had a proper tricycle when I was married in August. They’re not going
an increase in the use of public she might have given me a chance.
a small child. It had a boot and I used to go on honeymoon. They’re going
transport.
to do up the flat they bought with the ■■ If only the sun would come out!
to keep all sorts of toys in it. We used
n Whereas that is the case in Brazil, in money they’ll save. They’ll probably have
to go all over the place, using the trike 94 Phrasal Verbs
Columbia it is more a question of . . . some kind of reception or party for the
as a mobile base.
wedding but I don’t think it will be a very 96 Extended phrasal verbs (splitting)
n Certainly the car is here to stay, but the
n 70 Would expressing habit in the past grand affair. ■■ The policeman broke the fight up
question is to what extent it will be the
(narrative) very quickly.
same concept of car. ■■ Oh no. Another goal for United! Barça
n My grandmother used to live by the is going to lose. ■■ She talked me into going to her parents’
n The policy was correct is so far as it was
seaside and we would go there every place for the weekend.
applied; the problem is that it wasn’t ■■ I just got a phone call from Raoul. He’s
Easter. My Dad would drive, my mother
applied systematically. in a taxi. He’s going to get here in about ■■ I can’t make anything out; it’s really dark.
would navigate and we would sit in the
back fighting. five minutes. ■■ She knew that her mother had put John
up to it.
68 69
97 Passives 166 Lexis 186 Eliminating false friends, e.g.
99 Passive forms, all 181 Collocations, e.g. ■■ In the chemistry class they performed
■■ He’ll be given a warning. ■■ It’s there in black and white. an interesting experiment (as opposed
to experience which is French for
■■ You’ll be being transferred to your new ■■ He was in excruciating pain. experiment)
job tomorrow.
■■ The suspense is palpable. ■■ Different languages = different false
■■ The seats will all have been taken by friends
■■ I did physics at university.
the time we get there!
■■ The situation is untenable. 187 Formal and informal registers, e.g.
■■ He’s going to be given an award.
■■ It’s a no go area. ■■ Mr. John Wilson passed away peacefully
■■ He ought to be sacked for behaviour at his home in Nottingham last week.
like that. 182 Colloquial language, e.g.
■■ John Wilson died in his sleep last week
■■ Having been beaten so many times, ■■ I am absolutely knackered.
■■ John kicked the bucket a few days back.
he decided to fight back. ■■ She was gobsmacked when he turned
■■ He might have been hurt. up at the party. 188 Idiomatic expressions, e.g.
■■ The whole thing was a cock-up from ■■ I wish I could remember her name.
118 Modals in the past It’s on the tip of my tongue.
beginning to end.
■■ You shouldn’t have told her.
■■ He tried to flog me an old banger. ■■ Everybody wants work with Marion.
She’ll be very upset.
She really is the flavour of the month.
■■ I should have warned him about the 183 Approximating (vague language), e.g.
■■ If you want a shoulder to cry on,
traffic, but I forgot. ■■ There will be about 30 odd people –
I’ll always be here for you.
■■ You might have told me it was her well 30 to 40.
birthday. I felt embarrassed I didn’t take ■■ I think he an accountant or something 189 Topics
a present. like that. 198 Books and literature
■■ He can’t have got my message. ■■ The book is sort of similar to his first one. 199 News, lifestyles and current affairs
He would never be this late.
■■ Can you pass me the thingummyjig for 200 Media
■■ You needn’t have bought any potatoes. taking nails out? 201 Arts
We had some.
■■ All the painting stuff is in the garage. 202 Scientific development
■■ I don’t think anyone could have done
184 Differentiated use of vocabulary, e.g. 203 Technical and legal language
anything. He had decided.
■■ She was really upset when she failed her
■■ Things might have turned out differently,
exams. I think she is still in shock.
if she had asked first.
■■ It’s not that I don’t like her; I detest her.
151 Adverbs
■■ It’s really good. It’s concise, focused,
159 Inversion (negative adverbials) readable.
■■ Little did I know that he had already left
■■ I wouldn’t say she’s antisocial, just
the company.
a bit shy.
■■ It wasn’t bad, just a bit disappointing.
70 71
Aptis: Guía del candidato - versión online
Lista de comprobación
Esperamos que esta guía le haya ayudado a prepararse para el test Aptis. A
continuación figura una lista de comprobación para que se asegure de que está
totalmente preparado:
› revise las diferentes partes de gramática:
http://clients.squareeye.net/uploads/eaquals2011/documents/EAQUALS_British_
Council_Core_Curriculum_April2011.pdf
› visite la página LearnEnglish para prepararse para el test de gramática:
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en
› visite la página English Club para prepararse para el test de gramática:
www.englishclub.com
› revise los apartados "Cómo realizar el test online” y “Grabaciones” y haga un test de
prueba para que esté familiarizado con la estructura de la prueba y el software:
www.britishcouncil.org/exams/aptis
› realice los tests de prueba de esta guía para tener más experiencia con la
estructura de los tests
› practique sus aptitudes en inglés siempre que tenga la oportunidad. Escuche la
radio en inglés (por ejemplo, BBC World Service), vea la televisión y películas en
inglés y lea libros clasificados por niveles (por ejemplo, Cambridge, Penguin,
Macmillan y Headway).
› lea los consejos de esta guía acerca de cómo prepararse para cada prueba.
Comentarios y opiniones
Valoramos su opinión, por lo tanto, una vez terminado el test tendrá la

oportunidad de completar una encuesta. Le damos las gracias por anticipado
por sus útiles comentarios.
Para más información: www.britishcouncil.es
© British Council 2013 / D251

The British Council is the United Kingdom’s international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities.
26
PHRASAL VERBS
Ask about – preguntar por algo
Back off – retirarse, alejarse, evitar
Blow up – explotar
Break into – entrar a robar
Drop by – dejarse caer, visitar de forma inesperada
Fill out – cumplimentar, rellenar un documento
Find out – Enterarse, averiguar
Give away – regalar
Give back – devolver
Go on – continuar
Grow up – crecer
Hand in – entregar en mano
Keep away – alejarse, mantener alejado
Keep on – continuar
Look after – cuidar de algo, alguien
Look for – buscar
Pick up – recoger, algo o a alguien
Put away – guardar, ahorrar, consumir
Run out – agotar existencias
Set up – montar, ensamblar, erigir, fundar, instalar
Take off – quitarse la ropa y despegar (un avión)
Throw away – tirar algo a la basura
Turn up/down – subir/bajar el volumen
Turn on/off – encender/apagar la luz o aparatos eléctricos
Work out – hacer ejercicio, calcular, resolver,salir (resultar) algo bien, tener éxito algo.
Тесты на проверку
знаний основ
грамматики
английского языка
(с ответами)
Составитель: С. Шиманский
Содержимое данной публикации доступно по

лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
Copyright © 2006–2012 Сергей Шиманский

«Английский без регистрации»
Тесты на проверку знаний основ грамматики английского языка (с ответами)
Adjective or adverb? 9. Our neighborhood is very ___. 9.bad — ___
Choose the correct response for each of the sentences: a) quietly b) quiet 10. far — ___
1. You have to be more ___. 10. What a ___ movie! Answers
a) careful b) carefully a) great b) greatly 1) brighter 2) better 3) hotter 4) sadder 5) healthier 6)

taller 7) heavier 8) fatter 9) worse 10) farther
2. We have to walk more ___. We’re late! Answers
a) quick b) quickly 1) a 2) b 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) a Comparative adjectives/comparing

3.I did this ___. things 2
Comparative adjectives/comparing
a) willing b) willingly Choose the correct response: If both options can be used,
things 1 choose ‘BOTH ARE OK’:
4. He was ___ to help me.
Write the correct comparative form for each adjective: old 1. Things are ___ now than they used to be.
a) willing b) willingly — older
a) BOTH ARE OK b) busier c) more busy
5. They speak English very ___. 1. bright — ___
2. He is ___ about this than I am.
a) well b) good 2. good — ___
a) more nervous b) nervouser c) BOTH ARE OK
6. You did your homework very ___. 3.hot — ___
3. I liked this movie, although I found it a bit ___ than
a) good b) well 4.sad — ___ his last film.
7. My grandfather is very ___. 5. healthy — ___ a) duller b) more dull c) BOTH ARE OK
a) clever b) cleverly 6. tall — ___ 4. Mary wears her white skirt ___ than (she wears) her
blue one.
8. He speaks very ___. 7. heavy — ___
a) oftener b) more often c) BOTH ARE OK
a) quiet b) quietly 8.fat — ___
5. This test is ___ than the last one.
Содержимое данной публикации доступно по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License Copyright © 2006–2012 Сергей Шиманский «Английский без регистрации»
Стр. 2
a) simpler b) more simple c) BOTH ARE OK 1) a 2) an Answers
6. Which one is ___ ? 3. Her cousin has ___ very good job. 1) a 2) an 3) a 4) an 5) an 6) a 7) an 8) a 9) a 10) an
a) better b) more good c) BOTH ARE OK 1) a 2) an

Articles: a or an? part 2
7. This is much ___. 4. That was ___ interesting game.
Choose the correct article:
a) more important b) importanter c) BOTH ARE OK 1) a 2) an
1. I spoke to her for ___ long time yesterday.
8. My brother is ___ than I am. 5. She is ___ honest person.
1) a 2) an
a) more wealthy b) wealthier c) BOTH ARE OK 1) a 2) an
2. She was wearing ___ old dress.
9. This sounds a bit ___. 6. We had ___ really good time yesterday.
1) a 2) an
a) naturaler b) BOTH ARE OK c) more natural 1) a 2) an
3. Sarah is ___ excellent teacher!
10. This trip was ___ than the last one. 7. Bring ___ umbrella. It is going to rain.
1) a 2) an
a) more fun b) funner c) BOTH ARE OK 1) a 2) an
4. That’s ___ very funny joke.
Answers 8. Tomorrow will be ___ hot day.
1) a 2) an
1) a 2) a 3) c 4) b 5) c 6) a 7) a 8) c 9) c 10) a 1) a 2) an
5. She is ___ really good cook.
9. Mary is ___ good friend.
Articles: a or an? 1) a 2) an
1) a 2) an
Choose the correct article: 6. We have ___ exam tomorrow.
10. I want to eat ___ apple.
1. I am going to ___ concert tomorrow. 1) a 2) an
1) a 2) an
1) a 2) an 7. I have ___ appointment at 3:00 PM.
2. My boyfriend is ___ actor. 1) a 2) an
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8. She wants ___ puppy for her birthday. 5. ___ meal that we ate yesterday was wonderful. 1. John is ___ best teacher in our school.
1) a 2) an a) The b) A a) a b) the
9. I waited for ___ hour. 6. I have ___ test tomorrow morning. 2. She has ___ very nice cat.
1) a 2) an a) the b) a a) a b) the
10. The doctor had ___ friendly smile. 7. Which shirt do you like? ___ blue one? 3. My wife is ___ only person I love.
1) a 2) an a) The b) A a) a b) the
Answers 8. I have three shirts — a yellow one, an orange one, 4. My cousin is ___ police officer.
and ___ black one.
1) a 2) an 3) an 4) a 5) a 6) an 7) an 8) a 9) an 10) a a) a b) the
a) the b) a
5. Betty is ___ prettiest girl in our class.
Articles: a or the? 9. You must always tell ___ truth!
a) a b) the
Choose the correct article: a) the b) a
6. There is ___ party at Bill’s house tonight.
1. Did you see ___ man that I told you about? 10. I cannot understand how ___ person like him can
become president. a) a b) the
a) the b) a
a) the b) a 7. What time are we going to ___ party?
2. Did you get ___ birthday card that I sent you?
Answers a) a b) the
a) the b) a
1) the 2) the 3) a 4) a 5) The 6) a 7) The 8) a 9) the 10) 8. Yesterday I saw ___ really good movie.
3. He is ___ very good friend. a
a) a b) the
a) the b) a
Articles: a or the? part 2 9. Hurry up! ___ movie starts in 15 minutes!
4. We ate ___ wonderful meal yesterday.
Choose the correct article: a) a b) the
a) the b) a
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10. I need to buy ___ new car. a) NO ARTICLE b) a 3. My teacher ___ the exercise to me.
a) a b) the 7. What does he do? He sells ___ cars. a) were explaining b) was explaining
Answers a) NO ARTICLE b) the 4. I ___ to my mp3 player.
1) the 2) a 3) the 4) a 5) the 6) a 7) the 8) a 9) The 10) 8. I live on ___ Washington Street. a) were listening b) was listening
a
a) NO ARTICLE b) the 5. Those people ___ towards the library.
Article of no article? part 3 9. I drank ___ glass of milk. a) were walking b) was walking
Choose the correct article: a) NO ARTICLE b) a 6. The cook ___ a tasty meal.
1. How much money do you want? Give me ___ 10 10. Two of my classmates come from ___ Vietnam. a) were preparing b) was preparing
dollars.
a) NO ARTICLE b) the 7. I ___ to fix my computer.
a) NO ARTICLE b) the
Answers a) were trying b) was trying
2. I gave him ___ money that I found.
1) NO ARTICLE 2) the 3) the 4) NO ARTICLE 5) NO 8. My friend and I ___ basketball.
a) NO ARTICLE b) the ARTICLE 6) a 7) NO ARTICLE 8) NO ARTICLE 9) a 10)
NO ARTICLE a) were playing b) was playing
3. She is ___ only person here that speaks Japanese.
9. The police officers ___ the thief.
a) NO ARTICLE b) the Past continuous tense
a) were chasing b) was chasing
4. I live in ___ London. Choose the correct form of the past continuous tense:
10. My sister and my brother ___.
a) NO ARTICLE b) the 1. The children ___ outside.
a) were singing b) was singing
5. This kind of ___ weather makes me happy. a) were playing b) was playing
Answers
a) NO ARTICLE b) a 2. The dog ___ at us.
1) a 2) b 3) b 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) b 8) a 9) a 10) a
6. He bought ___ new car. a) were barking b) was barking
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Past continuous tense (part 2) Prepositions (on, at, in — part 3) a) at b) in c) on

Choose the correct preposition for each of the sentences:
Change each sentence into the past continuous tense. ‘I 10. She was sitting ___ her car.
played baseball — I was playing baseball’: 1. Will you be ___ home today?
a) at b) in c) on
1. I spoke to my teacher. I was ___ to my teacher. a) at b) in c) on
Answers
2. She listened to the song. She was ___ to the song. 2. He is never late. He always comes ___ time.
1) a 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) b 6) a 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) b
3. My friend laughed at my joke. My friend was ___ at a) at b) in c) on
my joke.
3. How many students are ___ your class? Prepositions (on, at, in — part 4)
4. She was silly. She was ___ silly.
a) at b) in c) on Choose the correct preposition for each of the sentences:
5. I sang. I was ___ yesterday.
4. The teacher wrote something ___ the board. 1. I talked to him ___ the weekend.
6. They did their homework. They were ___ their
homework. a) at b) in c) on a) at b) in c) on
7. My boss planned a meeting. My boss was ___ a 5. Many people work ___ this building. 2. The dog is ___ the doghouse.
meeting.
a) at b) in c) on a) at b) in c) on
8. We had a party. We were ___ a party.
6. I will meet you ___ 7:00 PM. 3. I eat breakfast ___ the morning.
9. The band played a beautiful song. The band was ___
a beautiful song. a) at b) in c) on a) at b) in c) on
10. I tried to explain. I was ___ to explain. 7. Let’s meet ___ Wednesday. 4. We arrived ___ the airport in the evening.
Answers a) at b) in c) on a) at b) in c) on
1) speaking 2) listening 3) laughing 4) being 5) singing 8. am going to Japan ___ seven days. 5. I was ___ work all day.
6) doing 7) planning 8) having 9) playing 10) trying
a) at b) in c) on a) at b) in c) on
9. I met John ___ my friend’s party. 6. Put the book ___ the table.
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a) at b) in c) on 3. We had our party ___ 8:00 PM until 10:00 PM. Present continuous or simple present
7. He is currently ___ vacation. a) since b) for c) from tense? part 2
a) at b) in c) on 4. I have been sick ___ Sunday. Choose whether the verb should be in the present
continuous or the simple present tense:
8. I’ll call you ___ half an hour. a) since b) for c) from
1. I always ___ before I go to sleep.
a) at b) in c) on 5. They have been sick ___ three days.
a) am reading b) read
9. We had a good time ___ the basketball game. a) since b) for c) from
2. She ___ French, but she doesn’t speak Italian.
a) at b) in c) on 6. I will be ready ___ 30 minutes.
a) speaks b) is speaking
10. There are many good restaurants ___ this city. a) since b) for c) in
3. She ___ right now.
a) at b) in c) on 7. Kelly has not seen him ___ two weeks.
a) speaks b) is speaking
Answers a) since b) for c) in
4. Next week we ___ to the theater.
1) c 2) b 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) c 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) b 8. She slept ___ one hour.
a) go b) are going
a) since b) for c) in
Prepositions of time (since, for, in, 5. (Generally) I ___ Mexican food.
9. My sister will be here ___ two hours.
from) a) love b) am loving
Choose the correct preposition for each of the sentences: 6. How do you feel? I ___ great!
10. I have not eaten ___ this morning.
1. I have not seen him ___ the summer. a) am feeling b) feel
a) since b) for c) from 7. Listen — I ___ to explain this to you.
Answers
2. I am going there ___ three weeks. a) am trying b) try
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) a 5) b 6) c 7) c 8) b 9) c 10) a
a) since b) for c) from 8. Tomorrow I ___ to see my friend.
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a) am going b) go a) are going b) go 1. I am speaking to you. I have ___ to you.
9. Where is she now? She ___ home. 5. He normally ___ very fast. 2. That man is driving a car. That man has ___ a car.
a) walks b) is walking a) drives b) is driving 3. My friend is sleeping. My friend has ___.
10. How does she usually get to work? She ___. 6. I never ___ what to expect. 4. She is in Prague. She has ___ in Prague.
a) is walking b) walks a) am knowing b) know 5. They are arguing about money. They have ___ money.
Answers 7. I’m sorry, Angela can’t come to the phone — she ___ a 6. They are taking a test. They have ___ a test.
shower.
1) b 2) a 3) b 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) b 7. She is eating. She has ___.
a) is taking b) takes
8. I am listening to music. I have ___ to music.
Present continuous or simple present 8. I ___ home right now.
9. The musician is playing a song. The musician has ___
tense? part 3 a) go b) am going a song.
Choose whether the verb should be in the present 9. Those girls ___ out every Friday. 10. She is flying to Berlin. She has ___ to Berlin.
continuous or the simple present tense:
a) are going b) go Answers
1. I usually ___ to rock music.
10. (Generally) I ___ classical music. 1) spoken 2) driven 3) slept 4) been 5) argued 6) taken
a) listen b) am listening 7) eaten 8) listened 9) played 10) flown
a) like b) am liking
2. What is she doing? She ___ to music. Present perfect verb tense (part 2)
Answers
a) listens b) is listening Change each sentence into the present perfect tense. ‘I
1) a 2) b 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) a played baseball — I have played baseball’
3. My professor always ___ very slowly.
1. I ate vegetables. I have ___ vegetables.
a) is speaking b) speaks Present perfect verb tense
2. I came. I have ___.
4. What are you doing tonight? We ___ to see a movie. Change each sentence into the present perfect tense. ‘I
am playing baseball — I have played baseball’ 3. My cousins sold their car. They have ___ their car.
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4. I told a story. I have ___ a story. a) him b) himself Reflexive pronoun or object pronoun 2
5. They saw my friend. They have ___ my friend. 4. You really have to respect ___. Choose the correct pronoun:
6. We cleaned our room. We have ___ our room. a) you b) yourself 1. They wanted to do it ___.
7. I flew to Mexico City. I have ___ to Mexico City. 5. They talk about us, but they don’t really know ___. a) them b) themselves
8. I thought about going on vacation. I have ___ about a) us b) ourselves 2. He broke his leg so he cannot dress ___.
going on vacation.
6. Some actors love ___ too much. a) himself b) him
9. I spoke to Mary about you. I have ___ to Mary about
you. a) them b) themselves 3. I hurt ___ playing hockey.
10. She chose the blue pants. She has ___ the blue 7. Are you going to invite ___ to the concert? a) me b) myself
pants.
a) herself b) her 4. My father cut ___ shaving.
Answers
8. Goodbye! Take care of ___ ! a) himself b) him
1) eaten 2) come 3) sold 4) told 5) seen 6) cleaned 7)
flown 8) thought 9) spoken 10) chosen a) you b) yourself 5. I love spending time with ___.
9. You have to tell ___ what happened. a) herself b) her

Reflexive pronoun or object pronoun 1
a) them b) themselves 6. If you don’t believe me, try it ___ !
Choose the correct pronoun:
10. I was at home by ___. (No one else was with me.) a) a) you b) yourself
1. He is so vain. He likes to talk about ___ all the time. me b) myself
7. She got ___ in trouble.
a) himself b) him Answers
a) herself b) her
2. Jane? Yes, I spoke to ___ last week. 1) himself 2) he 3) him 4) yourself 5) us 6) themselves
7) her 8) yourself 9) them 10) myself 8. She helped ___ find a job.
a) herself b) her
a) me b) myself
3. Her brother? Yes, she told me all about ___.
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9. I don’t know anything about ___. a) her b) to her 3. These are his photos. These photo’s are ___.
a) them b) themselves 6. I phoned ___ three times. 4. Those are our bags. Those bags are ___.
10. I blame ___ for the accident. a) him b) to him 5. These are their essays. These essays are ___.
a) me b) myself 7. Are you talking ___ ? 6. That is your wallet. That wallet is ___.
Answers a) me b) to me 7. She owns that house. That house is ___.
1) themselves 2) himself 3) myself 4) himself 5) her 6) 8. I spoke ___ about the trip. 8. I own that boat. That boat is ___.
yourself 7) herself 8) me 9) them 10) myself
a) you b) to you 9. Those jackets belong to them. Those jackets are ___.
Object pronouns — with or without ‘to’? 9. I didn’t see ___ at the supermarket. 10. These cds belong to us. These cds are ___.
Choose the correct response: a) them b) to them Answers
1. He gave ___ the money. 10. She did not tell ___ her name. 1) mine 2) hers 3) his 4) ours 5) theirs 6) yours 7) hers
8) mine 9) theirs 10) ours
a) him b) to him a) me b) to me
2. She went ___ on Friday. Answers Adverb or adjective?

a) him b) to him 1) a 2) b 3) a 4) b 5) a 6) a 7) b 8) b 9) a 10) a For each sentence, fill in the blank with either the adverb
or the adjective.
3. I will lend ___ my book.
Pronouns: possessive pronouns 1. James did not want to wake his girlfriend, so he left
a) him b) to him ___.
Change each pronoun into a possessive pronoun (ex. my
4. You should give that shirt ___. — mine) a) quiet b) quietly
a) her b) to her 1. This is my book. This book is ___. 2. I can’t understand him. He doesn’t speak very ___.
5. You should give ___ that shirt. 2. That is her car. That car is ___. a) clearly b) clear
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3. We had a ___ time in Mexico City. Answers 1) quickly 2) well 3) honest 4) gently 5) quick 6) easily
7) quickly 8) expensive 9) completely 10) bright
a) greatly b) great 1) quietly 2) clearly 3) great 4) quickly 5) hard 6) late 7)
happy 8) loud 9) gentle 10) badly
4. I understood the question, but I couldn’t answer very Adverbs
___.
Adverb or adjective? (part 2) For each sentence, change the adjective in parentheses
a) quickly b) quick into an adverb.
For each sentence, fill in the blank with either the adverb
5. I don’t have a ___ time making friends. or the adjective. 1. The ballerina moved around very ___ (graceful).
a) hardly b) hard 1. My car broke down yesterday. I hope the mechanic 2. David ___ (easy) won the first race.
can fix it ___ (quick/quickly).
6. John arrived at the airport ___, and ended up missing 3. I don’t know ___ (exact) how much money he makes.
his flight. 2. She dances very ___ (good/well).
4. I ___ (honest) don’t know what John told his sister.
a) late b) lately 3. He’s an ___ (honestly/honest) man. He never lies.
5. The singer of the band sang very ___ (ba d) during
7. Ever since he met Sara, he has looked very ___. 4. He broke the news to her ___ (gentle/gently). the concert.
a) happily b) happy 5. My cat is very ___ (quickly/quick). 6. My friend Tom always speaks very ___ (lou d).
8. I can hear the ___ rain falling on the roof. 6. I make new friends very ___ (easily/easy). 7. You speak English very ___ (goo d).
a) loudly b) loud 7. Why do you drive so ___ (quickly/quick) ? 8. These days I am so busy at work that I ___ (rare) have
time to go out.
9. She is a very kind and ___ person. 8. In the United States, food is not as ___ (expensively/
expensive) as in Europe. 9. Sometimes I like to spend the day just lying in bed
a) gentle b) gently ___ (lazy).
9. I was ___ (complete/completely) confused by his
10. That child behaves very ___. question. 10. The police officer made sure that she got home ___
(safe).
a) badly b) bad 10. She always wears ___ (brightly/bright) clothes.
Answers
Answers
1) gracefully 2) easily 3) exactly 4) honestly 5) badly 6)
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loudly 7) well 8) rarely 9) lazily 10) safely Soon after he quit his job, Jim met 9) ___ beautiful either «a», «an», «the», or «noarticle».
surfer named Jenny. After they went out for 10) ___
couple of months, they decided to get married. 1. ___ Chinese is a difficult language to learn. 2. ___
Which article? general’s army attacked the city at night. 3. I like
Answers to play ___ basketball. 4. My parents gave me ___
Fill in the blanks with either «a», «an», or «the». basketball for my birthday. 5. She is___ prettiest girl
1) an 2) a 3) the 4) the 5) an 6) a 7) the 8) an 9) a 10) a in the school. 6. I have ___ idea! Let’s go bowling. 7. I
I went to 1) ___ airport at 6:00 AM yesterday. I had to have borrowed ___ money from her before. 8. My first
catch 2) ___ flight to Paris. The lines at 3) ___ airport apartment was on ___ OrangeStreet. 9. ___ dress she is
were very long, so I had to wait 4) ___ long time. Once Which article? (part 3) wearing is blue. 10. He is ___ real gentleman.
5) ___ plane took off, Itried to get some sleep but I
couldn’t. Then I ate 6) ___ pretty good meal, 7) ___ Fill in the blanks with either «a», «an», or «the». Answers
rareoccurrence on airplanes! Later, I spoke to one of
8) ___ flight attendants for 9) ___ while. Shewas pretty. At 1) ___ beginning of 2) ___ twentieth century, East Los 1) no article 2) the 3) no article 4) a 5) the 6) an 7) no
She told me that 10) ___ pilot of 1 1) ___ airplane was Angeles became 3) ___ popularimmigrant destination. article 8) no article 9) the 10) a
French. I managed to fallasleep for about 1 2) ___ hour. In 4) ___ early 1900s, Russians, Jews, Japanese, and
After I woke up, I felt refreshed. I ordered 1 3) ___ drink, Mexicans all had 5) ___ significant presence in 6) ___
thenanother. Generally, it was 1 4) ___ pretty smooth area. Living east of 7) ___ river and working in nearby Article or no article? (part 2)
flight. factories, or traveling by electric rail into downtown
Los Angeles, immigrants and their children helped For each of the following sentences, fill in the blank with
Answers fuel 8) ___ prosperity of 9) ___ growing metropolis. By either «a», «an», «the», or «no article».
10) ___ onset of World War II, East Los Angeles had
1) the 2) a 3) the 4) a 5) the 6) a 7) a 8) the 9) a 10) the almost become 1 1) ___ exclusively Latino community, 1. ___ Seoul is the capital of South Korea.
1 1) the 1 2) an 1 3) a 1 4) a soon reinforced by 1 2) ___ influx of Mexican workers
whoarrived to man the machines in 1 3) ___ area’s 2. Most people who live in ___ small town are happy.
Which article? (part 2) burgeoning war industries.
3. I have been playing ___ tennis for three years.
Fill in the blanks with either «a», «an», or «the». Answers
4. We had ___ really good time at the park.
Jim, 1) ___ old friend of mine, used to work in 1) the 2) the 3) a 4) the 5) a 6) the 7) the 8) the 9) the
downtown Los Angeles. He had 2) ___ good jobin one 10) the 1 1) an 1 2) an 1 3) the 5. I am ___ only person here who speaks German.
of 3) ___ biggest law firms in 4) ___ city. He was 5) ___
honest, hard-working lawyer, but he hated his job. So 6. Look at ___ time! We’re going to be late!
he decided to quit, and to become 6) ___ surfer instead. Article or no article?
Now Jim spends his days surfing 7) ___ waves of 7. I have borrowed ___ money from her before.
Malibu. It isn’t 8) ___ easy life, but it makes him happy. For each of the following sentences, fill in the blank with
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8. Most people who live in ___ Italy are Catholic. 6. ___ you seen that movie several times already? 3. ___ you upset?
9. I have ___ horse. a) Do b) Are c) Have a) Are b) Do c) Have
10. I’ve never been to ___ mountains. 7. ___ he leaving tomorrow? 4. ___ you told her yet?
Answers a) Has b) Does c) Is a) Are b) Do c) Have
1) no article 2) a 3) no article 4) a 5) the 6) the 7) no 8. ___ she been to Greece before? 5. ___ they ever been here before?
article 8) no article 9) a 10) the
a) Has b) Does c) Is a) Are b) Do c) Have
Auxiliary verbs (to be, to do, to have) 1 9. ___ they coming at 7? 6. ___ that a good movie?
Fill in each blank space with the correct auxiliary verb: a) Do b) Are c) Have a) Is b) Does c) Has
1. ___ he changed much over the years? 10. ___ they always cheat? 7. ___ she in love with Marco?
a) Has b) Does c) Is a) Do b) Are c) Have a) Is b) Does c) Has
2. ___ she Polish? Answers 8. ___ you stopped smoking?
a) Has b) Does c) Is 1) a 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) c 7) c 8) a 9) b 10) a a) Are b) Do c) Have
3. ___ he like to drive at night? 9. ___ you play tennis on weekends?

Auxiliary verbs (to be, to do, to have) 2
a) Has b) Does c) Is a) Are b) Do c) Have
Fill in each blank space with the correct auxiliary verb:
4. ___ you normally read before you go to bed? 10. ___ your grandmother live in Spain?
1. ___ he as mean as people say?
a) Do b) Are c) Have a) Is b) Does c) Has
a) Is b) Does c) Has
5. ___ I look tired? Answers
2. ___ he know how to cook well?
a) Do b) Am c) Have 1) a 2) b 3) a 4) c 5) c 6) a 7) a 8) c 9) b 10) b
a) Is b) Does c) Has
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Causative structures 1 a) to pack b) packing c) pack 3. Are you going to ___ like this?
There are two basic causative structures — an active 8. Why don’t you ___ with my friends? a) let him to suffer b) allow him suffer c) let him suffer
one (ex: ‘I had Mike fix my computer’, ‘I let him go there’),
and a passive one (ex: ‘I had my computer fixed’). The a) let me to go out b) let me go out c) let mego to 4. Jimmy is dead. The mafia boss ___.
causative is often used with the following verbs: to have,
to let, to make, to get. 9. I had my wallet ___ yesterday. a) had killed b) had him killed c) had him to be killed
1. The sunshine made me ___ of our trip to Mexico. a) stolen b) stole c) to steal 5. Julie will not let her daughter ___ the boy from
across the street.
a) think b) to think c) thinking 10. I had Juan ___ yesterday.
a) marry b) to marry c) married
2. I had my hair ___ last night. a) to fix my door b) fix my door c) fixed my door
6. I had the wall ___ when I was renovating my
a) trim b) trimmed c) trimming Answers apartment.
3. I’m going to ___ after the concert. 1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) b a) to be knocked down b) knocked down c) knock down
a) have me picked up b) have him to pick me up c) 7. I ___ her and apologize.

have him pick me up Causative structures 2
a) made him to call b) made him called c) made him
4. He is going to ___ next week. There are two basic causative structures — an active call
one (ex: ‘I had Mike fix my computer’, ‘I let him go there’),
a) have fixed his car b) have his car fixed c) have his and a passive one (ex: ‘I had my computer fixed’). The 8. I have ___ many times.
car fix causative isoften used with the following verbs: to have,
to let, to make, to get. a) my heart broken b) had my heart broken c) had my
5. Susan had ___. heart broke
1. I’m going to have Mike ___ my computer to see what
a) the windows cleaned b) the windows clean c) the is wrong. 9. The authorities ___ as soon as they found out she
windows be cleaned was there illegally.
a) look at b) to look at c) looked at
6. I’ll let you ___ my car. a) had her deported b) have her deport c) had her to
2. One of my wisdom teeth really hurt, so I went to the be deported
a) to drive b) drive c) driving dentist to have it ___.
10. I had some tests ___, but they didn’t find anything.
7. Hey, do you want me to help you ___ ? a) remove b) removed c) to be removed
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a) done b) to be done c) have done a) let him say b) let him to say c) let him said 2. If I run into her, I ___ her that you’re looking for her.
(to tell) a) would tell b) tell c) will tell
Answers 6. The movie ___ sad.
3. If you ___ that again, I will call the police. (to do) a)
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) a a) made to feel b) made him feel c) made him to feel to do b) do c) will do
7. I get my ___ from my other address. 4. He would never have asked her out on a date if she
Causative structures 3 ___ him first. (to kiss) a) hadn’t kissed b) didn’t kiss c)
a) mail forward b) mail to forward c) mail forwarded will not kiss
There are two basic causative structures — an active
one (ex: ‘I had Mike fix my computer’, ‘I let him go there’), 8. Have your assistant ___ these letters immediately! 5. If you were her, what ___ ? (to do) a) would you do b)
and a passive one (ex: ‘I had my computer fixed’). The did you do c) do you do
causative is often used with the following verbs: to have, a) to send b) to be sent c) send
to let, to make, to get. 6. If she hadn’t gone to England, she ___ Orlando
9. He ___ yesterday. Bloom. (to meet) a) would not meet b) did not meet c)
1. She ___ that he wouldn’t tell anyone. would not have met
a) had his hair cut b) had his hair to be cut c) had hair
a) made him promised b) made him promise c) to be cut 7. If it doesn’t start snowing, we ___ this evening. (to go
promised to make skiing) a) won’t go skiing b) wouldn’t go skiing c) don’t
10. The professor ___ early. go skiing
2. Does your tooth still hurt? Yes, I have to get a
dentist ___ soon. a) to let the students leave b) let the student leave c) 8. If you had saved some money earlier, you ___ broke
let the student to leave right now. (to be) a) would not have been b) will not be
a) look at it b) to get it looked at c) to look at it c) are not
Answers
3. I ___ a couple of days ago. 9. If I ___ at the airport so late, I would not have missed
1) b 2) c 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) c 8) c 9) a 10) b my flight. (to arrive) a) didn’t arrive b) hadn’t arrived c)
a) had my bike to be fixed b) had my bike fix c) had my would not arrive
bike fixed
Conditional tenses 10. If you buy one t-shirt, you ___ the second one free
4. I will not ___ with this! (to get).
For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the verb.
a) allow you get away b) let you get away c) to let you a) will have gotten b) would get c) get
get away 1. If I ___ you, I would apologize to her right away. (to
be) a) was b) were c) have been
5. Don’t ___ these things about you!
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Answers 9. If I ___ you were coming, I would have prepared 6. ___ it was really hot outside, I wore shorts.
lunch. (to know) a) knew b) had known c) will know
1) b 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) c a) Although b) Since c) Unless
10. If I were you, I ___ to the beach instead of going to
work. (to go) a) will have gone b) will go c) would go 7. He has always done well on exams. This time, ___, he
Conditional tenses (part 2) failed.
Answers
For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the a) however b) accordingly c) moreover
verb. 1) a 2) b 3) c 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) c
8. I won’t be able to borrow any more money ___ I pay
1. If I lose my job, I ___ for a new one. (to look) a) will off some of my previous debts.
look b) would look c) look Conjunctions
a) but b) until c) although
2. If she hadn’t told me to stay, I ___. (to go) a) will go b) Choose the conjunction which fits best.
would have gone c) would go 9. ___ he wasn’t a good player, he had a great game.
1. I haven’t really studied for this exam, ___ I feel a
3. She ___ to come to the party if she had known that little nervous. a) Since b) Because c) Although
her exboyfriend would be there. (toagree) a) would not
agree b) did not agree c) would not have agreed a) so b) unless c) but 10. The little girl slept ___ her father played the guitar.
4. If you come tonight, I ___ enchiladas. (to make) a) 2. I told him not to come, ___ he came anyway. a) while b) therefore c) until
will make b) would make c) will have made
a) since b) unless c) but Answers
5. If I were him, I ___ that job. (to take) a) would take b)
did take c) will take 3. Do not do anything ___ you hear from him first. 1) a 2) c 3) a 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) c 10) a
6. He will never speak to me again if he ___ what a) unless b) since c) therefore

happened. (to find out) a) will have found out b) finds Conjunctions (part 2)
out c) would find out 4. ___ I was really tired, I took a nap for 15 minutes.
Choose the correct conjunction for each sentence:
7. Our cat ___ you if you rub her belly. (to bite) a) will a) Although b) Since c) Unless
bite b) would bite c) would have bitten 1. I will go to the concert, but ___ you go as well.
5. ___ she likes to play basketball, her favorite sport is
8. I ___ you if I hadn’t thought it was important. (to tell) tennis. a) only if b) unless
a) will not tell b) wouldn’t have told c) would not tell
a) While b) Because c) Since 2. I brought along a sandwich, ___ I get hungry.
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a) therefore b) in case Answers a) so many b) so much
3. ___ she calls me, I feel very happy. 1) a 2) b 3) b 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) b 8) b 9) a 10) a 8. I would like ___ time to think about this.
a) So that b) Whenever a) a little b) a few

Count or non-count nouns?
4. Take this photo, ___ you can remember me. 9. I would like ___ hamburger.
For each sentence, fill in the blank with the correct
a) while b) so that response. a) some b) a
5. I will not talk to him ___ he apologizes for what he 1. I went to the tourist office to get ___ information. 10. I have to buy ___ furniture for my new apartment.
did.
a) a few b) a little a) some b) a
a) until b) because
2. Kids today spend so ___ time on the internet! Answers
6. I’ll find you, ___ you are.
a) much b) many 1) a little 2) much 3) amount 4) much 5) a few 6) many
a) where b) wherever 7) so many 8) a little 9) a 10) some
3. He has a good job and makes a large ___ of money.
7. She spoke ___ she knew what she was talking about,
but she didn’t. a) amount b) number Count or non-count nouns? (part 2)
a) although b) as if 4. OK, let’s do it! But hurry up I don’t have ___ time! For each sentence, fill in the blank with the correct
response.
8. ___ the police arrived, we had to end the party. a) much b) many
1. I have to buy a lot of ___ for my new apartment.
a) Until b) Once 5. I only know ___ people in this city.
a) furniture b) furnitures
9. I couldn’t figure out ___ he said what he said. a) a little b) a few
2. He brought up a lot of interesting ___ during the
a) why b) once 6. Mary always tells me that she wants to have ___ lecture.
children.
10. I bought you a birthday card ___ I like you. a) point b) points
a) much b) many
a) because b) why 3. After the party there was a lot of ___.
7. There are ___ things that I want to say to you.
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a) garbage b) garbages Count or non-count nouns? (part 3) 9. I have to buy some apples and some ___.
4. Thank you so much for all the ___ ! For each sentence, fill in the blank with the correct a) rice b) rices
response.
a) applause b) applauses 10. I left my ___ at the airport.
1. What kind of ___ do you want to talk about?
5. Your ___ are due on September 15th. a) luggage b) luggages
a) thing b) things
a) essay b) essays Answers
2. What kind of ___ would you like me to buy?
6. I went to the market and bought a lot of ___. 1) things 2) milk 3) cheese 4) information 5)
a) milk b) milks experiences 6) capitals 7) anger 8) oranges 9) rice 10)
a) fruit b) fruits luggage
3. I ate many kinds of ___ yesterday.
7. There are so many different type of ___ in the world.
a) cheese b) cheeses Count or non-count nouns? (part 4)
a) people b) peoples
4. Do you have some ___ for me? For each sentence, fill in the blank with the correct
8. He has one of the most expensive ___ on the market. response.
a) information b) informations
a) computer b) computers 1. I have ___ courage than you.
5. I had many horrifying ___ during my travels in Haiti.
9. I have to cut my ___ today. a) less b) fewer
a) experience b) experiences
a) hair b) hairs 2. ___ of my courage comes from my upbringing.
6. Do you know all the ___ of the world?
10. I can’t stand the ___ in this city. a) Much b) Many
a) capital b) capitals
a) traffic b) traffics 3. ___ of the new immigrants to Los Angeles come from
7. He had a lot of ___ in him. Mexico.
Answers
a) anger b) angers a) Many b) Much
1) furniture 2) points 3) garbage 4) applause 5) essays
6) fruit 7) people 8) computers 9) hair 10) traffic 8. What did you buy? I bought some ___. 4. There is ___ immigration to Canada now than there
used to be.
a) orange b) oranges
Стр. 18
a) less b) fewer is countable (by writing c) or noncountable (by writing n Did or made?
c). ex: The boy has a lot of clothing __nc__.
5. I only know ___ people in this city. Fill in each blank space with the correct response.
1. This restaurant has the worst food ___ I’ve ever
a) a little b) a few eaten. 1. James ___ his homework yesterday.
6. Hey! I asked for ___ donut and you gave me a muffin! 2. We have to buy furniture ___ for our new house. a) did b) made
a) a b) some 3. Many hospitals in this city ___ don’t have modern 2. Mary ___ the dishes after breakfast today.
equipment.
7. In the past month, we have noticed ___ progress in a) did b) made
your ability to speak. 4. I generally don’t like to give advice ___ about
matters of love. 3. My brother ___ the beds this morning.
a) many b) much
5. Most women ___ in my family wear lots of jewelry. a) did b) made
8. He left ___ his clothing at his girlfriend’s house.
6. The grace ___ with which she danced made me cry. 4. I called the doctor and ___ an appointment for
a) some b) a couple of Tuesday evening.
7. It takes a lot of patience to deal with prisoners ___.
9. Wow, there’s so ___ grass in your yard! a) did b) made
8. I asked him to send me information ___ about
a) much b) many California wines. 5. I ___ a cake for your birthday!
10. ___ of the students come from abroad. 9. The truth ___ is that I no longer want to live with a) did b) made
that man.
a) much b) many 6. I ___ the exercises you gave me — would you like to
10. It took great courage for the boy to admit to check them?
Answers stealing money ___ from his brother.
a) did b) made
1) less 2) Much 3) Many 4) less 5) a few 6) a 7) much 8) Answers
some 9) much 10) many 7. Fiona ___ a good job helping us clean up.
1) nc 2) nc 3) c 4) nc 5) c 6) nc 7) c 8) nc 9) nc 10) nc
a) did b) made
Count or non-count nouns? (part 5)
8. I felt really bad when I ___ that mistake in class
For each blank space, write whether the preceding noun today.
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a) did b) made a) will talk b) will be talking 1. Tomorrow I ___ (paint) all day.
9. The babysitter ___ the phone call around 5 PM. 5. This time tomorrow I ___ (swim) in the ocean. a) will be painting b) will paint
a) did b) made a) will swim b) will be swimming 2. By the time we get there, the store ___ (close).
10. She washed the clothes but her husband ___ the 6. I ___ (see) you at 7. a) will close b) will have closed
ironing.
a) will have seen b) will see 3. I ___ (see) you tomorrow at 3:00 PM.
a) did b) made
7. By the time the guests arrive, I ___ (clean) the room. a) will see b) see
Answers
a) will have cleaned b) will clean 4. After we finish this video, I ___ (see) all of this
1) did 2) did 3) made 4) made 5) made 6) did 7) did 8) director’s movies.
made 9) made 10) did 8. I decided that I ___ (become) a doctor.
a) will see b) will have seen
a) will be becoming b) will become
Future tenses (part 1) 5. Can I come over in an hour? No, I ___ (clean) the
9. I ___ (travel) for the next month. house.
Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence:
a) will travel b) will be traveling a) will clean b) will be cleaning
1. By the time I’m 60, I ___ (lose) all my hair.
10. I’m really tired today — I ___ (do) my exercises 6. This time next week, I ___ (drink) wine in Argentina.
a) will have lost b) will lose tomorrow.
a) will be drinking b) will drink
2. I won’t be able to talk to you in 15 minutes because a) will do b) will be doing
I ___ (do) my homework. 7. She doesn’t realize what kind of person he is, but she
Answers ___ (find out).
a) will do b) will be doing
1) a 2) b 3) a 4) a 5) b 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) a a) will be finding out b) will find out
3. By the time I get home, my wife ___ (eat) the whole
cake. 8. She insulted me. I ___ (speak) to her again!
Future tenses (part 2)
a) will have eaten b) will be eating a) will never speak b) will have never spoken
4. I ___ (talk) to my son about his poor test results. 9. If he continues drinking so fast, he ___ (drink) the
Стр. 20
whole bottle by midnight. Gerund or infinitive? (part 2) a) to steal b) stealing
a) will have drunk b) will be drinking Fill in each space with either the gerund (‘-ing’) or the 3. Bill enjoys ___ mystery novels.
infinitive (to...) form of the verb. Example: «I love walking
10. She ___ (tell) me when her birthday is. in the park (walk)» a) to read b) reading
a) will not be telling b) won’t tell 1. Sometimes ___ the truth can be difficult. (tell) 2. I 4. I plan ___ to college in the fall.
don’t understand why you have ___ so much. (swear) 3.
Answers Don’t forget ___ the lights when you leave the room. a) to go b) going
(to turn off) 4. You need ___ your hair. It’s getting very
1) a 2) b 3) a 4) b 5) b 6) a 7) b 8) a 9) a 10) b long. (cut) 5. Stop ___ him and let him finish saying 5. I plan on ___ to college in the fall.
what he wants to say. (interrupt) 6. Hey, do you want
___ to the movies tonight? (go) 7. Hey, how about ___ to a) to go b) going
Gerund or infinitive? see a movie tonight? (go ) 8. I’m not interested in ___
an expensive car. (buy) 9. It’s true that ___ English can 6. I suggested ___ to a restaurant after the movie.
Fill in each space with either the gerund (‘-ing’) or the be fun. (learn) 10. I suggest ___ a vacation. (take)
infinitive (to...) form of the verb. Example: «I love walking a) to go b) going
in the park (walk)» Answers
7. The doctor wants ___ with you.
1. You are not allowed ___ on the airplane. (smoke) 2. 1) telling 2) to swear 3) to turn off 4) to cut 5)
I couldn’t help ___ when he tripped! (laugh) 3. I enjoy interrupting 6) to go 7) going 8) buying 9) learning 10) a) to speak b) speaking
___ to clubs. (go) 4. She expects people ___ her, but she taking
never helps anyone! (help) 5. My doctor advised me 8. I really miss ___ as a flight attendant.
___ smoking. (quit) 6. Please stop ___. I can hear you
fine! (shout) 7. I don’t feel like ___. Let’s go out to a Gerund or Infinitive? (part 3) a) to work b) working
restaurant. (cook) 8. Would you mind ___ the window?
It’s very hot in here. (open) 9. My remote control Fill in each space with either the gerund (‘-ing’) OR the 9. The little boy’s teacher asked ___ with his mother.
doesn’t work. Try ___ the batteries. (change) 10. In Los infinitive (to...) form of the verb:
Angeles, ___ is not allowed in any building. (smoke) a) to talk b) talking
1. When I mentioned ___ married, she didn’t say
Answers anything. 10. I don’t mind ___ with your cat. I love cats.
1) to smoke 2) laughing 3) going 4) to help 5) to quit a) getting b) to get a) playing b) to play

6) shouting 7) cooking 8) opening 9) changing 10)
smoking 2. If he keeps ___ things from work, he’s going to get
fired.
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Answers 7. I learned ___ French while I was living in 5. He told me that he had ___ all the work himself. (to
Switzerland. do) a) done b) did
1) b 2) b 3) b 4) a 5) b 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) a 10) a
a) to speak b) speaking 6. Have you ___ yet today? (to eat) a) ate b) eaten
Gerund or infinitive? 4 8. I remember ___ her at the beach last week. 7. My father has ___ me to talk to you. (to forbi d) a)
forbidden b) forbade
Fill in each space with either the gerund (‘-ing’) OR the a) to see b) seeing
infinitive (to...) form of the verb. Example: ‘Reading in the 8. I ___ him stealing that woman’s purse. (to catch) a)
dark is difficult.’ OR ‘Don’t forget to brush your teeth.’ 9. Don’t forget ___ your mother! caught b) catched
1. ___ is bad for your health. a) to call b) calling 9. He must have ___ 8 beers last night. (to drink) a)
drank b) drunk
a) To smoke b) Smoking 10. She promised ___ to the theater with me.
10. I ___ down and broke my arm.
2. What do you want ___ tonight? a) to go b) going
a) fallen b) fell
a) to do b) doing Answers
Answers
3. Her daughter decided ___ a veterinarian. 1) b 2) a 3) a 4) b 5) a 6) a 7) a 8) b 9) a 10) a
1) b 2) b 3) a 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) b
a) to become b) becoming
Irregular verbs (part 1)
4. I have decided on ___ a veterinarian. Irregular verbs (part 2)
a) to become b) becoming Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence:
1. He ___ to get very angry. (to begin) a) begun b) began
5. I hope ___ to Brazil this summer. 1. I ___ a tire on the way to work. (to blow) a) blew b)
2. I ___ my glasses when I fell. (to break) a) broken b) blown
a) to travel b) traveling broke
2. We have ___ to the seaside resort many times. (to
6. The man from Venezuela appears ___ the best dancer 3. Those kids have ___ five windows playing baseball. drive) a) drove b) driven
in the group. (to break) a) broken b) broke
3. I haven’t ___ a bike in three years. (to ride) a) rode b)
a. to be b) being 4. I have ___ studying French. (to begin) a) begun b) ridden
began
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4. Someone has ___ 10 books from the library. (to steal) than girls. Answers
a) stolen b) stole
a) a b) the c) no article 1) c 2) c 3) c 4) b 5) b 6) a 7) a 8) c 9) c 10) a
5. Godzilla ___ up and began attacking the city. (to rise)
a) rose b) rised 3. Bill enjoys reading ___ mystery novels.
Articles: mixed articles exercise 2
6. The song that she ___ was very pretty. (to sing) a) a) a b) the c) no article
sung b) sang For each blank space, choose the proper article (a, an, the,
4. ___ girl that I told you about is standing over there. or no article):
7. I have ___ her many emails, but I’ve never received a
response. (to write) a) written b) wrote a) A b) The c) no article 1. He eats a lot of ___ meat.
8. I ___ out those shoes long ago. (to wear) a) worn b) 5. Where did you go last night? We went to ___ a) a b) the c) no article
wore restaurant that you recommended.
2. ___ food that you cooked was very good!
9. He said that he ___ two aspirins last night. (to take) a) a b) the c) no article
a) taken b) took a) A b) The c) no article
6. He is ___ really good person.
10. My father used to ___ across the lake regularly. (to 3. ___ Cell phones do not cause cancer.
swim) a) swim b) swam a) a b) the c) no article
a) A b) The c) no article
Answers 7. My brother is ___ expert at fixing cars.
4. He has always been ___ very good boy.
1) a 2) b 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) a a) an b) the c) no article
a) a b) the c) no article
8. ___ Paris is a beautiful city.
Articles: mixed articles exercise 1 5. Let’s go to ___ beach.
For each blank space, choose the proper article (a, an, the, a) a b) the c) no article
or no article): 9. My ___ teacher’s name is William.
6. Let’s play ___ volleyball.
1. I love living in this ___ city. a) a b) the c) no article
a) a b) the c) no article 10.We got our son ___ dog for Christmas.
7. What would you like for ___ breakfast?
2. Generally speaking, ___ boys are physically stronger a) a b) the c) no article
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a) an b) the c) no article 4. I can’t live on ___ 500 dollars a month. or no article):
8. He knows how to treat ___ lady. a) a b) the c) no article 1. Denver is located at the foot of ___ Rocky Mountains.
a) a b) the c) no article 5. Someone call ___ policeman! a) a b) the c) no article
9. I’ve been waiting for ___ long time. a) a b) the c) no article 2. Toronto is located on ___ Lake Ontario.
a) a b) the c) no article 6. Someone call ___ police! a) a b) the c) no article
10. ___ only jazz musician I like is Miles Davis. a) a b) the c) no article 3. San Diego is located near ___ Mexican border.
a) A b) The c) no article 7. He is ___ real American hero. a) a b) the c) no article
Answers a) a b) the c) no article 4. Let’s go to ___ Mexico.
1) c 2) b 3) c 4) a 5) b 6) c 7) c 8) a 9) a 10) b 8. I don’t like ___ dogs, but I like my brother’s dog. a) a b) the c) no article
a) a b) the c) no article 5. ___ Nile is the longest river in the world.

9. I haven’t seen him in ___ five years. a) A b) The c) no article
For each blank space, choose the proper article (a, an, the,
or no article): a) a b) the c) no article 6. ___ Sahara is the world’s biggest desert.
1. They usually spend their holidays in ___ mountains. 10. Kobe Bryant is ___ basketball player. a) A b) The c) no article
a) a b) the c) no article a) a b) the c) no article 7. I spoke with ___ Chinese film director that I told you
about.
2. Los Angeles has ___ ideal climate. Answers
a) an b) the c) no article 1) b 2) a 3) b 4) c 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) c 9) c 10) a
8. Do you speak ___ Chinese?
3. This is ___ best Mexican restaurant in the country.
Articles: mixed articles exercise 4 a) a b) the c) no article
For each blank space, choose the proper article (a, an, the, 9. I need ___ bottle of water.
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a) a b) the c) no article 6. I don’t know at all = I don’t have ___ clue. a) should b) can
10. Spain is one of ___ largest European countries. a) a b) the c) no article 2. You’ve been driving all day — You ___ be exhausted!
a) a b) the c) no article 7. I have ___ idea! a) should b) must
Answers a) an b) the c) no article 3. You ___ smoke so much. It’s bad for your health.
1) b 2) c 3) b 4) c 5) b 6) b 7) b 8) c 9) a 10) b 8. ___ tea in my cup is too hot to drink. a) can’t b) shouldn’t
a) A b) The c) no article 4. Hey I’m lost -___ you help me?

9. The US President lives in ___ White House. a) Can b) Should
For each blank space, choose the proper article (a, an, the,
or no article): a) a b) the c) no article 5. You have such a beautiful voice — You ___ sing for
us!
1. I moved to ___ USA when I was 15 years old. 10. My parents live in ___ white house.
a) should b) can
a) a b) the c) no article a) a b) the c) no article
6. I know he speaks five languages, but ___ he speak
2. I can spell as well as ___ most students. Answers Arabic?
a) a b) the c) no article 1) b 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) b 6) a 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) a a) should b) can
3. He is ___ most famous actor I know. 7. That looks very expensive. It ___ have cost a fortune!
Basic modals exercise 1
a) a b) the c) no article a) should b) must
For each sentence, choose the modal (should, can, must)
4. Hurry up. We don’t have ___ lot of time. that is most appropriate. NB: In American English, «must» 8. I ___ believe that you failed your test!
often sounds old-fashioned and/or bossy — it’s more
a) a b) the c) no article natural inmost cases to say «have to» as in «You have to a) can’t b) shouldn’t
be at the airport at 9» not «You must be at the airport at
5. I live around here = I live in ___ neighborhood. 9». 9. I’m on my way. I ___ be there in about 10 minutes.
a) a b) the c) no article 1. She looks pretty sick — I think she ___ go to a doctor. a) should b) can
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10. I’m sorry — I ___ afford that. a) shouldn’t b) can’t Mixed verb tenses
a) can’t b) shouldn’t 5. Isn’t that Charlie’s umbrella? Yes, he ___ have left it For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the verb.
here
Answers 1. John ___ in San Diego for the past 3 years (and he
yesterday. still lives there).
1) a 2) b 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) b 8) a 9) a 10) a
a) should b) must a) lived b) was lived c) has lived
Basic modals exercise 2 6. ___ I borrow your pen for a minute? 2. My brother ___ in San Diego up until last year.
For each sentence, choose the modal (should, can, must) a) Can b) Should a) was lived b) was living c) has lived
that is most appropriate. NB: InAmerican English, «must»
often sounds old-fashioned and/or bossy — it’s more 7. ___ you speak Japanese? No, I can’t. 3. I worked as a graphic designer before I ___ to
natural in most cases to say «have to» as in «You have to England.
be at the airport at 9» not «You must be at the airport at a) Can b) Must
9». a) came b) have come c) did come
8. It’s late. I ___ get going.
1. This ___ be dangerous if you don’t have the right 4. ___ reading the paper yet?
equipment. a) can b) should
a) Were you finished b) Have you finished c) Are you
a) should b) can 9. I saw that pen this morning… it ___ be around here finishing
somewhere.
2. You ___ yell at your parents. It’s not nice. 5. I ___ in love three times in my life.
a) must b) can
a) shouldn’t b) can’t a) was being b) was c) have been
10. I ___ understand what he’s saying.
3. I ___ have seen that movie eight times. 6. I ___ in love with Mary, but she left me for another
a) shouldn’t b) can’t man.
a) must b) can
Answers a) have been b) was being c) was
4. I can’t allow you to hang around here = I ___ have
you hanging 1) b 2) a 3) a 4) b 5) b 6) a 7) a 8) b 9) a 10) b 7. Frank ___ tennis for three years when he was at
school.
around here.
a) played b) has played c) was play
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8. ___ me last night? a) has called b) call c) was calling Mixed verb tenses (part 3)
a) Have you called b) Did you call c) Were you called 5. I ___ (want) to go swimming but the water was too For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the verb.
cold.
9. I was at the club yesterday, but I ___ you. 1. I ___ for seven hours last night.
a) have wanted b) wanted c) am want
a) haven’t seen b) did not saw c) did not see a) was slept b) slept c) has slept
6. I ___ (be) able to sleep well for a week now.
10. I ___ this upset in many years! 2. I ___ that you were here.
a) didn’t was b) was not c) haven’t been
a) haven’t been b) was not c) was not being a) wasn’t knowing b) didn’t knew c) didn’t know
7. When I first saw her, she ___ (stan d) on the balcony.
Answers 3. When I came to this city, I ___ anyone.
a) was standing b) has stood c) has been standing
1) c 2) b 3) a 4) b 5) c 6) c 7) a 8) b 9) c 10) a a) haven’t known b) didn’t know c) wasn’t knowing
8. Really? You moved to a new apartment? How long
___ (live) there? 4. You know where I live — I ___ in the same place for
Mixed verb tenses (part 2) the past three years.
a) have you been living b) did you live c) did you living
For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the verb. a) have been living b) had lived c) was living
9. Every time I see that movie, it ___ (make) me cry.
1. I ___ (take) a shower when you called. 5. You ___ my brother, have you?
a) has made b) made c) makes
a) was taking b) took c) was taken a) haven’t seen b) didn’t see c) didn’t saw
10. I ___ (stop) smoking three years ago.
2. My brother ___ (have) never been to Europe until he 6. Where ___ last night?
went there last year. a) have stopped b) have been stopping c) stopped
a) have you gone b) did you went c) did you go
a) has b) had c) hadn’t Answers
7. I ___ in bed when I heard the accident outside.
3. Diane ___ (feel) very sick but she decided to go out 1) a 2) b 3) a 4) c 5) b 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) c 10) c
anyway. a) was lying b) lay c) have lain
a) was feeling b) has been feeling c) has felt 8. Did you just ___ me a liar?
4. He ___ (call) her all night. a) call b) called c) have called
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9. She is a mean person. I don’t like ___ to her. 7. The movie that we ___ last Monday was really awful. sitting c) did sit
(to see) a) have seen b) saw c) were seeing
a) talk b) talking c) have talk 6. He claimed that he had never seen that man, but I
8. He ___ his granddaughter daily. (to call) a) calling b) know that ___.
10. I don’t know how ___. calls c) is calling
a) he did b) hehad c) he was
a) dance b) dancing c) to dance 9. I read the book that you gave me — could you ___ me
another one? (to len d) a) to lend b) will lend c) lend 7. What ___ to her about last night? (to speak) a) have
Answers you spoken b) you spoke c) did you speak
10. He ___ her if she hadn’t waved to him. (to see) a)
1) b 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) c didn’t see b) would not have seen c) will not have seen 8. What have you been doing all day? ___ TV? (to
watch) a) watch b) watching c) have watched
Answers
Mixed verb tenses (part 4) 9. She ___ lunch when someone rang the doorbell.
1) a 2) b 3) a 4) c 5) c 6) a 7) b 8) b 9) c 10) b (to prepare) a) was preparing b) prepared c) has been
For each sentence, choose the correct form of the verb. preparing
1. By the time I got to the hotel, ___ any rooms left. (to Mixed verb tenses (part 5) 10. She never ___ when someone leaves her a message.
be) a) there weren’t b) there hadn’t been c) there isn’t (to call back) a) has called back b) calls back c) will call
For each sentence, choose the correct form of the verb. back
2. I was afraid to ask her out because she ___ me
before. (to reject) a) was rejecting b) had rejected c) 1. I never ___ you that I loved her, I only said that I Answers
rejected liked her. (to tell) a) told b) have told c) was telling
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) b
3. I ___ to music when she came in. (to listen) a) was 2. I ___ to Greece until Sally and I went there last
listening b) listened c) have been listening summer. (to be) a) have never been b) had never been
c) was never being Phrasal verbs («to get…»)
4. What have you been doing? I ___ a lot. (to work) a)
have worked b) worked c) have been working 3. By the time I’m 50, I ___ a million dollars. (to make) For each sentence, choose which phrasal verb fits best.
a) will make b) would make c) will have made
5. Last night I ___ that I was living in China. (to dream) 1. The river’s current is very strong. It will be hard to
a) dreamed b) have dreamed c) dreamt 4. I want ___ the exercises for advanced students. (to ___.
try) a) try b) to try c) to have tried
6. I don’t know why you insist on ___ to Cambodia. (to a) get across b) get in c) get around
go) a) going b) to go c) to be going 5. Hey, you ___ at the computer all day. You should
really take a break. (to sit) a) have been sitting b) were 2. You really need a car in this city to ___.
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a) get by b) get around c) get on Answers 8. I though the movie was going to end, but it just ___.
3. She had a hard time after the break-up, but then she 1) a 2) b 3) c 4) a 5) c 6) b 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) c a) dragged in b) dragged on c) dragged into
decided to ___ with her life.
9. I’m really tired because I ___ at 5 AM this morning.
a) get along b) get in c) get on Phrasal verbs (part 2)
a) got up b) got around c) got on
4. My girlfriend’s mother and I don’t ___ at all. For each sentence, choose which phrasal verb fits best.
10. Friends can help you to ___ a difficult time in your
a) get along b) get on c) get in 1. My car ___ on the freeway. life.
5. It’s OK. Don’t worry. You’ll ___ this. a) broke through b) broke up c) broke down a) get around b) get by c) get through
a) get along b) get on c) get through 2. The thief managed to ___ the police barricade. Answers
6. The museum? You should ___ at the third stop. a) break through b) break in c) break on 1) c 2) a 3) c 4) a 5) c 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) a 10) c
a) get through b) get off c) get on 3. My girlfriend and I ___ last month.
Phrasal verbs (part 3)
7. As soon as he ___ the horse, I knew that he had never a) broke through b) broke in c) broke up
been on one before. For each sentence, choose which phrasal verb fits best.
4. Hey, ___ the girl with the red hair. She’s very pretty.
a) got on b) got around c) got in 1. How do you ___ the rise in crime this year?
a) check out b) check in c) check at
8. I ___ my old couch and need to buy a new one. a) account for b) account in c) account to
5. ___ ! Things will get better.
a) got rid b) got rid of c) got off 2. Do you feel like playing soccer? = Are you ___ some
a) Cheer on b) Cheer at c) Cheer up soccer?
9. I’m really tired because I ___ at 5 AM this morning.
6. The police are trying to ___ on drunk drivers. a) up for b) up to c) up with
a) got around b) got up c) got on
a) crack up b) crack down c) crack through 3. My girlfriend and I ___ last month.
10. Friends can help you to ___ a difficult time in your
life. 7. He is so funny! He really cracks me ___. a) broke through b) broke in c) broke up
a) get around b) get by c) get through a) up b) around c) on 4. If you’re telling someone to ___, you’re telling them
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to relax. Phrasal verbs (part 4) Phrasal verbs (part 5)

a) calm out b) calm down c) calm in For each sentence, fill in the blank with the correct Fill in the proper preposition for each phrasal verb:
preposition.
5. This is the time of year when stores ___ their prices, 1. It’s not polite to come ___ (= enter) without knocking.
so you can get good deals. 1. You gained some weight = You put ___ a few pounds.
2. I told her a joke to cheer her ___. (= to make her
a) mark on b) mark through c) mark down 2. Don’t tell anyone about it = Keep it ___ yourself. happier).
6. My girlfriend and I had a big fight yesterday, but we 3. Have you been in contact with Sarah? = Have you 3. Please write ___ your email address.
___ almost immediately. heard ___ Sarah?
4. You can count ___ me.
a) made up b) made in c) made on 4. I’ve been spending time with her = I’ve been
hanging ___ with her. 5. I look ___ to seeing you soon.
7. When I ___ on my life, I don’t regret a single thing.
5. Please take care of my little sister = Please look ___ 6. Don’t hang ___ the phone.
a) look back b) look down c) look through my little sister.
7.I woke___ at 7.
8. ___ the grass! Can’t you see the sign? 6. He disappointed me = He let me ___.
8. We have to get ___ at the next stop.
a) Keep out b) Keep on c) Keep off 7. You can trust me = You can count ___ me.
9. The frog turned ___ (= became) a prince.
9. The other runners had a hard time ___ with him 8. We often eat in restaurants = We often eat ___.
during the race. 10. I’m sorry it didn’t work ___. (= it wasn’t successful)
9. I can’t understand why you would say that = I can’t
a) keeping out b) keeping on c) keeping up figure ___ why you would say that. Answers
10. He will ___ doing it until you tell him to stop. 10. He is planning something = He is up ___ something. 1) in 2) up 3) down 4) on 5) forward 6) up 7) up 8) off
9) into 10) out
a) keep on b) keep in c) keep to Answers
Answers 1) on 2) to 3) from 4) out 5) after 6) down 7) on 8) out Plural form of nouns

9) out 10) to
1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) c 6) a 7) a 8) c 9) c 10) a Fill in each blank space with the correct plural form of
the noun. (ex. tree — trees):
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1. fish — PLURAL: ___ 4. uncle — PLURAL: ___ 4. My friend ___ work is from Japan.
2. child — PLURAL: ___ 5. mouse — PLURAL: ___ a) at b) in c) around
3. toothbrush — PLURAL: ___ 6. house — PLURAL: ___ 5. I wake up ___ 6 AM every morning.
4. woman — PLURAL: ___ 7. tooth — PLURAL: ___ a) around b) on c) in
5. man — PLURAL: ___ 8. life — PLURAL: ___ 6. Thank you ___ telling me about this.
6. toy — PLURAL: ___ 9. tomato — PLURAL: ___ a) in b) by c) for
7. exercise — PLURAL: ___ 10. sheep — PLURAL: ___ 7. Who did you buy this ___ ?
8. fly — PLURAL: ___ Answers a) from b) on c) in
9. foot — PLURAL: ___ 1) agencies 2) mothers 3) libraries 4) uncles 5) mice 6) 8. The factory workers have been ___ strike since
houses 7) teeth 8) lives 9) tomatoes 10) sheep January.
10. furniture — PLURAL: ___
a) on b) in c) about
Answers Prepositions
9. ___ you and me, I don’t think he’s a very good teacher.
1) fish 2) children 3) toothbrushes 4) women 5) men 6) Choose the correct preposition for each sentence.
toys 7) exercises 8) flies 9) feet 10) furniture a) Through b) Between c) Among
1. I’m off for two weeks ___ August.
10. Did you do it ___ purpose? No, it was an accident!
Plural form of nouns (part 2) a) on b) in c) at
a) by b) in c) on
Fill in each blank space with the correct plural form of 2. The dog is asleep ___ the tree.
the noun. (ex. tree — trees): Answers
a) over b) against c) under
1. agency — PLURAL: ___ 1) b 2) c 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) c
3. I have lived in this apartment ___ 2001.
2. mother — PLURAL: ___
a) in b) since c) at
3. library — PLURAL: ___
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Prepositions (part 2) a) about b) on c) in 7. The most expensive stores are located ___ Fifth
Avenue.
Choose the correct preposition for each sentence. 8. She is, ___ a doubt, the best student in the class
8. If someone is always busily moving around, you can
1. It’s ___ time you told him the truth! a) outside b) without c) about say they’re « ___ the go».
a) on b) in c) about 9. ___ our visit to Japan, we saw a lot of interesting 9. I didn’t like her ___ first, but we ended up becoming
places. friends.
2. The soccer player was ejected because he had done
something that was ___ the rules. a) While b) During c) Through 10. I hate standing ___ line. I’m very impatient.
a) against b) without c) outside 10. ___ the year, I’ve spoken to her five times. Answers
3. Another way of saying ‘old-fashioned’ is ‘ ___ the a) In b) During c) Throughout 1) on 2) at 3) on 4) in 5) at 6) in 7) on 8) on 9) at 10) in

times’.
Answers
a) beside b) behind c) outside Prepositions (on, at in — part 2)
1) c 2) a 3) b 4) a 5) c 6) a 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) c
4. You shouldn’t pick ___ him just because he’s For each sentence, fill in the blank with either on, at, or
different. in.
Prepositions (on, at in)
a) on b) to c) with 1. I didn’t like Tom when I met him, but ___ time we
For each sentence, fill in the blank with either on, at, or became friends.
5. Being a nurse is hard work, especially if you’re ___ in.
call all the time. 2. Do it right away! = Do it ___ once!
1. Howard was late again — He never comes ___ time.
a) in b) with c) on 3. We bought these clothes ___ sale.
2. I have a lot of things to do ___ work today.
6. The animal hospital? It’s somewhere ___ that big 4. There are lots of handsome men ___ the navy.
blue building. 3. We bought these clothes ___ sale.
5. Hey didn’t I see you ___ Julie’s party. What’s your
a) around b) about c) on 4. What did you learn ___ class today? name?
7. She’s the kind of girl who knows everything ___ 5. Hey didn’t I see you ___ the Killers concert? 6. I usually don’t work ___ weekends.
everyone.
6. Children! Don’t play ___ the street! It’s dangerous! 7. I know you’re my friend, but ___ times you behave
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like you weren’t. a) NO PREPOSITION b) on c) in 5. commands (ex. come!) become infinitive (ex. to come)
Choose the best response:
8. She has everything under control = She is ___ top of 6. I saw her ___ the fourth of July.
things. 1. ‘He will come tomorrow.’ She told me that he ___
a) NO PREPOSITION b) on c) in tomorrow.
9. There was a fire ___ one of the empty apartments.
7. I saw her ___ last week. a) is coming b) will come c) would come
10. I have very bad vision, especially ___ night.
a) NO PREPOSITION b) on c) in 2. ‘I see the clouds.’ He told me that she ___ the clouds.
Answers
8. I saw her ___ the mall in Glendale. a) sees b) is seeing c) saw
1) in 2) at 3) on 4) in 5) at 6) on 7) at 8) on 9) in 10) at
a) NO PREPOSITION b) at c) to 3. ‘My mother is taking the bus to work tomorrow.’ He
told me that his mother ___ the bus to
Preposition or no preposition? 9. We are planning to go ___ Santa Monica beach this
afternoon. work tomorrow.
For each sentence, fill in the blank with the correct
response. a) NO PREPOSITION b) at c) to a) is taking b) was taking c) will take
1. I am going ___ home in about half an hour. 10. We are planning to go ___ swimming this afternoon. 4. ‘I will call you.’ I told her that I ___ her.
a) NO PREPOSITION b) to c) at a) NO PREPOSITION b) at c) to a) will call b) would call c) would have called
2. I’ve been ___ work for the past two hours. Answers 5. ‘I have been there.’ She told me that she ___ there.
a) NO PREPOSITION b) to c) at 1) NO PREPOSITION 2) at 3) NO PREPOSITION 4) to 5) a) had been b) has been c) was

NO PREPOSITION 6) on 7) NOPREPOSITION 8) at 9) to
3. I’m going ___ camping this weekend. 10) NO PREPOSITION 6. ‘I will be studying tomorrow.’ I told him that I ___
tomorrow.
a) NO PREPOSITION b) to c) at
Reported speech 1 a) will be studying b) would be studying c) will study
4. I have to go ___ work in about ten minutes.
With reported speech, the pattern is the following: 1. 7. ‘Open the window!’ He asked me ___ the window.
a) NO PREPOSITION b) to c) at simple present becomes simple past 2. future tenses
becomes conditional 3. present continuous becomes a) to open b) open c) opened
5. I saw Sarah on the street ___ yesterday. past continuous 4. present perfect becomes past perfect
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8.’I am happy.’ She told me that she ___ happy. a) would visit us b) will visit us c) visits us 9. ‘I have been to that bar.’ He told me that he ___ to
that bar.
a) has been b) is c) was 2. ‘I talk to my brother every day.’ He told me that he ___
to his brother. a) had been b) will have been c) is being
9. ‘I have seen that movie.’ He told me that he ___ that
movie. a) was talking b) talked c) is talking 10. ‘I am writing an email to my girlfriend.’ He told me
that he ___ an email to his girlfriend.
a) had seen b) will have seen c) has seen 3. ‘My friend will help me study.’ She told me that her
friend ___ her study. a) is writing b) was writing c) writes
10. ‘I am flying to India tomorrow.’ He told me that he
___ tomorrow. a) will help b) helps c) would help Answers
a) is flying b) was flying c) will fly 4. ‘Mary is living in Miami.» My friend told me that 1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) b
Mary ___ in Miami.
Answers
a) lives b) was living c) is living Simple past or past continuous?
1) c 2) c 3) b 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) c 9) a 10) b
5. ‘I have seen that movie.» She told me that she ___ Choose which verb tense (simple past or past continuous)
that movie. fits better.
Reported speech 2
a) had seen b) has seen c) saw 1. I ___ and I didn’t hear you come in.
With reported speech, the pattern is the following:
6. ‘I will be in Paris next week.’ I told him that I ___ in a) was sleeping b) slept
1. simple present becomes simple past Paris next week.
2. I ___ to see her twice, but she wasn’t home.
2. future tenses becomes conditional a) will be b) would be c) am
a) was coming b) came
3. present continuous becomes past continuous 7. ‘Turn off the light!’ He asked me ___ the light.
3. What ___ ? I was watching TV.
4. present perfect becomes past perfect a) to turned off b) turn off c) to turn off
a) did you do b) were you doing
5. commands (ex. come!) become infinitive (ex. to 8.’I am a good dancer.’ She told me that she ___ a good
come) Choose the best response: dancer. 4. Robin Hood was a character who ___ from the rich
and gave to the poor.
1. ‘She will visit us next week.» She told me that she a) is b) was c) will be
___ next week. a) stole b) was stealing
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5. Hey, did you talk to her? Yes, I ___ to her 1. I ___ volleyball in several months. a) have gone out b) went out
a) was talking b) talked a) haven’t played b) didn’t play 10. I ___ to work every day this week.
6. I ___ home very late last night. 2. I ___ you at the party last night. a) have walked b) walked
a) came b) was coming a) haven’t seen b) didn’t see Answers
7. How long ___ the flu? 3. Jack’s sister ___ her friend in London last year. 1) haven’t played 2) didn’t see 3) visited 4) haven’t told
5) didn’t tell 6) have lived 7) havelived 8) lived 9) went
a) did you have b) were you having a) has visited b) visited out 10) have walked
8. ___ a good time in Brazil? Yes, I had a blast! 4. I ___ in a small town in Italy.
Simple past
a) Were you having b) Did you have a) have been born b) was born
Fill in each blank space with the simple past tense of the
9. We ___ breakfast when she walked into the room. 5. You ___ her, have you? verb in parentheses.
a) had b) were having a) haven’t told b) didn’t tell Yesterday I (to have) ___ a really bad day. I (to wake) ___
up at 9 o’clock because I (to forget) ___ to set my alarm
10. Last month I decided to buy a new car, and today I 6. You ___ her, did you? clock the night before. I (get) ___ up as fast as I (can)
finally ___ it. ___ and I (to put) ___ on some clothes. I ran into the
a) haven’t told b) didn’t tell kitchen and (to make) ___ myself a cup of coffee. Then
a) bought b) was buying I ___ (to drink) the coffee very fast and I (to run) ___ to
7. I ___ in Los Angeles for five years (and I still live my car. It (to be) ___ a terrible morning!
Answers there).
Answers
1) was sleeping 2) came 3) were you doing 4) stole 5) a) have lived b) lived
talked 6) came 7) did you have 8) Didyou have 9) were 1) had 2) woke 3) forgot 4) got 5) could 6) put 7) made
having 10) bought 8. I ___ in Los Angeles for five years (but I no longer 8) drank 9) ran 10) was
live there).
Simple past or present perfect? a) have lived b) lived Simple present or present continuous?
Choose which verb tense (simple past or present perfect) 9. My girlfriend and I ___ three times last week. Choose which verb tense (simple present or present
fits better. continuous) fits better.
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1. I always ___ my best. 10. Don’t talk so loudly — Brian ___ to sleep. 6. Is there ___ evidence that he’s guilty?
a) try b) am trying a) tries b) is trying a) some b) any
2. I’m sorry, ___ to me? Answers 7. I haven’t seen her for ___ time now.
a) are you talking b) did you talk 1) try 2) are you talking 3) am going 4) do you normally a) some b) any
eat 5) leaves 6) we’re eating 7) didyou have 8) Are you
3. I ___ to the mountains this weekend. having 9) were having 10) is trying 8. Our order is due to arrive ___ day now.
a) go b) am going a) some b) any

Some or any?
4. What time ___ lunch? 9. Have you seen my notebook? I can’t find it ___.
Fill in each blank space with the correct response.
a) do you normally eat b) are you normally eating a) somewhere b) anywhere
1. I went to the tourist office to get ___ information.
5. I have to go to bed early tonight because my train 10. I haven’t shown you ___ of my photos yet.
___ at 6:00 AM tomorrow morning. a) some b) any
a) some b) any
a) is leaving b) leaves 2. The woman said they didn’t have ___ more
applications. Answers
6. We normally eat lunch at noon, but today ___ at 1.
a) some b) any 1) some 2) any 3) Someone 4) some 5) Some 6) any 7)
a) we’re eating b) we eat some 8) any 9) anywhere 10) any
3. ___ called you last night.
7. How long ___ the flu.
a) Someone b) Anyone Some or any? (part 2)
a) did you have b) were you having
4. I need ___ time to think about this. Fill in each blank space with the correct response.
8. ___ a good time? Yes, I’m really enjoying this.
a) some b) any 1. Go buy ___ milk!
a) Are you having b) Do you have
5. ___ day we’ll be together. a) some b) any
9. We ___ breakfast when she walked into the room.
a) Some b) Any 2. I didn’t see ___ that I knew at the party.
a) had b) were having
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a) someone b) anyone Answers Whole or all?

3. ___ told me that she had a boyfriend. 1) some 2) anyone 3) Someone 4) anyone 5) some 6) Fill in each blank space with the correct response.
Any 7) anywhere 8) any 9) someone 10) anyone
a) Someone b) Anyone 1. I’ve been waiting for you my ___ life.
4. I wonder if ___ will show up at the meeting. There, they’re, their a) whole b) all
a) someone b) anyone Fill in each blank space with there, they’re or their. 2. ___ my life I’ve been waiting for you.
5. I met her ___ time last summer. 1. I really don’t want to go ___ again. a) Whole b) All
a) some b) any 2. I’m always wrong and ___ always right. 3. The storm destroyed ___ neighborhoods of the city.
6. ___ reason why you’re so upset? 3. I really think that ___ the ones who are responsible a) all b) whole
for this.
a) Some b) Any 4. She spent ___ day with her new boyfriend.
4. I fixed ___ car.
7. I don’t feel like going ___. a) the whole b) all the
5. I didn’t know ___ would be so many people here.
a) somewhere b) anywhere 5. The ___ time she was in France, she never bought a
6. You mean ___ not coming tonight? baguette.
8. It’s difficult to live without ___ money whatsoever.
7. Robert was ___ only friend. a) whole b) all
a) some b) any
8. In Los Angeles, people really love ___ cars. 6. He thinks that ___ the people in this city are poor.
9. I ran into ___ that I didn’t want to see.
9. Were ___ many people at the game? a) whole b) all
a) someone b) anyone
10. He didn’t approve of ___ way of life. 7. ___ town was destroyed by the tornado.
10. This test is so easy that ___ can pass it.
Answers a) All b) The whole
a) someone b) anyone
1) there 2) they’re 3) they’re 4) their 5) there 6) they’re 8. I can’t believe I ate ___ salad.
7) their 8) their 9) there 10) their
a) the all b) the whole
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9. I can’t believe that I ate ___ strawberries. 9. These are some of the people ___ have helped me in 8. The information was quite ___ (damaged/damaging)
the past. to his reputation.
a) all the b) the whole
10. I have no idea ___ left the lights on all night. 9. I was ___ (amusing/amuse d) by the way she acted.
10. I’ve traveled across ___ Germany.
Answers 10. Do you find this type of humor ___ (amusing/amuse
a) all of b) whole of d) ?
1) who 2) whom 3) whose 4) who 5) whom 6) whose 7)
Answers who 8) whose 9) who 10) who Answers
1) whole 2) All 3) whole 4) the whole 5) whole 6) all 7) 1) interesting 2) interested 3) boring 4) bored 5)
The whole 8) the whole 9) all the 10) all of Participles used as adjectives 1 annoying 6) annoyed 7) damaged 8) damaging 9)
amused 10) amusing
Past participles ‘-ed’ are used to describe how people
Who, whom, whose feel, while present participles ‘-ing’ are used to describe
something that causes the feelings. Choose the correct Participles used as adjectives 2
Fill in each blank space with who, whom or whose. word:
Past participles ‘-ed’ are used to describe how people
1. Could you please tell me ___ that was? 1. The movie was really ___ (interested/interesting) ! feel, while present participles ‘-ing’ are used to describe
something that causes the feelings. Choose the correct
2. The men, two of ___ were drunk, walked very slowly. 2. I thought it was a good lecture, but I wasn’t very ___ word:
(interested/interesting) in the topic.
3. The guy ___ computer I was using moved to Spain. 1. This treatment is really great. It makes me feel so ___
3. Our town is so ___ (bored/boring) ! There is nothing (relaxed/relaxing).
4. I know ___ did it. to do here.
2. I didn’t like that movie. I thought it was too ___
5. She didn’t know when the book was written, or by 4. Are you ___ (bored/boring) with that game already? (depressed/depressing).
___.
5. Have you heard her laugh? It’s so ___ (annoyed/ 3. He wasn’t ___ (satisfied/satisfying) with my response.
6. I didn’t know ___ book that was. annoying).
4. What an ___ (embarrassed/embarrassing) situation!
7. I don’t know ___ gave you that information, but it’s 6. I’m really ___ (annoyed/annoying) with one of my
inaccurate. coworkers. 5. I can’t talk anymore because I’m really ___ (tired/
tiring).
8. The police expert was able to determine ___ 7. The city was ___ (damaged/damaging) during the
fingerprints were on the knife. storm. 6. My grandmother’s ankles were ___ (swelled/swollen)
Стр. 38
from walking so much. going on a trip. 6. The tree is going to fall. ___ is going to fall.
7. Most of the fans were ___ (disappointing/disappointe 6. Am I a good student. Yes, ___ are a good student. 7. John and his girlfriend had an argument. ___ had an
d) with the concert. argument.
7. My cats are hungry. ___ are hungry.
8. This is ___ (excited/exciting) news! 8. Jim and I are the same age. ___ are the same age.
8. Mr. Jones is a good teacher. ___ is a good teacher.
9. His explanation wasn’t very ___ (convinced/ 9. My passport is in my bag. ___ is in my bag.
convincing). 9. Is Chinese a difficult language. Yes, ___ is a difficult
language. 10. My cousin George just graduated from high school.
10. The woman worked for 15 hours straight. She was ___ just graduated from high school.
___ (exhausting/exhauste d). 10. My brother and I live together. ___ live together.
Answers
Answers Answers
1) He 2) They 3) She 4) We 5) I 6) It 7) They 8) We 9) It
1) relaxed 2) depressing 3) satisfied 4) embarrassing 1) They 2) He 3) she 4) It 5) We 6) you 7) They 8) He 9) 10) He
5) tired 6) swollen 7) disappointed 8) exciting 9) it 10) We
convincing 10) exhausted
Prepositions after adjectives 1
Personal prounouns 2
Personal prounouns 1 Choose the best preposition to use in each of the
Replace the bold word(s) with the correct pronoun (I, you, sentences:
Replace the bold word(s) with the correct pronoun (I, you, we, they, it, she, or he):
we, they, it, she, or he): 1. I’m not capable ___ that type of behavior.
1. My uncle lives in Mexico City. ___ lives in Mexico City.
1. My cousin and her friend were at the mall. ___ were a) of b) in c) at
at the mall. 2. My friends aren’t coming. ___ aren’t coming.
2. Smoking is bad ___ you.
2. Peter is a little sick. ___ is a little sick. 3. Mrs. Wong is studying English. ___ is studying
English. a) at b) for c) on
3. Does your aunt know what happened? Does ___
know what happened? 4. You and I have to talk about the test. ___ have to talk 3. I’m so angry ___ this!
about the test.
4. The door is locked. ___ is locked. a) about b) with c) to
5. Can you help me? Yes, ___ can help you.
5. My friend Linda and I are going on a trip. ___ are 4. I’m so angry ___ you!
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a) about b) to c) with 1. Don’t be cruel ___ him. 10. Her test was full ___ mistakes.
5. She was dressed ___ pink. a) to b) at c) for a) with b) of c) off
a) with b) in c) on 2. I’m not being cruel! I’m always nice ___ him. Answers
6. This restaurant is famous ___ its mussels. a) at b) to c) for 1) a 2) b 3) a 4) c 5) c 6) a 7) b 8) b 9) c 10) b
a) in b) with c) for 3. I’m furious (= very angry) with him ___ doing this!
Reflexive prounouns 1
7. George is married ___ a German woman. a) for b) around c) at
Fill in each blank with the correct reflexive pronoun:
a) to b) with c) by 4. She’s not worried ___ her test.
1. You can’t do this for me — I have to do it ___.
8. Are you afraid ___ him? a) for b) with c) about
2. Why doesn’t she do it ___ ?
a) of b) to c) on 5. Your brother is really good ___ tennis.
3. He saw ___ in the mirror.
9. I’m so proud ___ you! a) with b) on c) at
4. We can’t do this ___.
a) with b) of c) to 6. Who is responsible ___ this mess?
5. They don’t like ___.
10. We’re not associated ___ that company. a) for b) about c) in
6. Are you going to the mall by ___ ?
a) along b) in c) with 7. Rome is beautiful, but it’s always crowded ___
tourists. 7. She likes to think of ___ as a good person.
Answers
a) among b) with c) by 8. I can’t see ___ doing that.
1) a 2) b 3) a 4) c 5) b 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) c
8. I’m ashamed ___ what I did. 9. They talk about ___ all the time.
Prepositions after adjectives 2 a) with b) of c) in 10. You don’t respect ___.
Choose the best preposition to use in each of the 9. I’m not really interested ___ this kind of music. Answers
sentences:
a) on b) of c) in 1) myself 2) herself 3) himself 4) ourselves 5)
Стр. 40
themselves 6) yourself 7) herself 8) myself 9) Common problems in esl — this, these, Common problems in esl — this, these,
themselves 10) yourself
there 1 there 2
Reflexive prounouns 2 Fill in the blanks with this, these, or there: Fill in the blanks with this, these, or there:
Fill in each blank with the correct reflexive pronoun: 1. Q: Who are these people? A: ___ are our best 1. Why are you talking with ___ people?
students.
1. Why can’t you guys do it ___ ? 2. I can’t see why ___ is so important.
2. ___ are many good students in our school.
2. My brother likes to talk about ___. 3. He told me that ___ were many students here.
3. Q: Who is this? A: ___ is my mother.
3. My sister bought a present for ___. 4. ___ isn’t much we can do right now.
4. ___ is a good restaurant nearby.
4. I hurt ___ while I was skiing. 5. ___ isn’t the right answer.
5. ___ book is pretty interesting.
5. He never took any classes. He taught ___. 6. I don’t know why ___ children are laughing.
6. ___ are not my shoes.
6. We made this card ___. 7. Is ___ anything I can do to help?
7. ___ aren’t any good books in the library.
7. Did they write that essay ___ ? 8. Is ___ your husband?
8. ___ books are really old.
8. The man fixed the car ___. 9. Are ___ many types of animals in this forest?
9. ___ time I’m going to win the race!
9. Let’s do it ___. 10. ___ things happen.
10. ___ isn’t what I expected.
10.I liveby ___. Answers
Answers
Answers 1) these 2) this 3) there 4) There 5) This 6) these 7)
1) these 2) there 3) this 4) there 5) this 6) these 7) there 8) this 9) there 10) These
1) yourselves 2) himself 3) herself 4) myself 5) himself there 8) these 9) this 10) this
6) ourselves 7) themselves 8) himself 9) ourselves 10)
myself Auxiliary verbs (to be, to do, to have) 3
Fill in each blank space with the correct auxiliary verb:
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1. ___ the teacher explain this properly? 10. ___ your sister living in Paris for a while? 10) We could not come last night. = We ___ come last
night.
a) Did b) Was c) Had a) Hadn’t b) Wasn’t c) Didn’t
Answers
2. ___ the professor angry? Answers
1) She’s 2) haven’t 3) doesn’t 4) We’ve 5) won’t 6) aren’t
a) Did b) Was c) Had 1) a 2) b 3) a 4) c 5) c 6) a 7) b 8) b 9) c 10) b 7) can’t 8) You’re 9) I’ve 10) couldn’t
3. ___ you spoken to him before he called you?

Contractions 1 Conditionals: the first conditional
a) Had b) Did c) Were
Rewrite each of the following sentences, substituting the structure 1
4. If you ___ told me, I would have never found out. bolded phrase with its contraction: Iam from Thailand. =
I’m from Thailand. Choose the correct response for each of the sentences:
a) didn’t b) weren’t c) hadn’t
1) She is from Germany. = ___ from Germany. 1. If you ___ greasy food, you will become fat.
5. ___ they seeing each other?
2) We have not seen that movie. = We ___ seen that a) eat b) will eat
a) Did b) Had c) Were movie.
2. If your sister goes to Paris, she ___ a good time.
6. ___ they continue seeing each other? 3) Joes does not speak Spanish. = John ___ speak
Spanish. a) has b) will have
a) Did b) Had c) Were
4) We have tried to explain this to him. = ___ tried to 3. If he ___ that, he will be sorry.
7. ___ you learn anything? explain this to him.
a) will do b) does
a) Hadn’t b) Didn’t c) Weren’t 5) I will not call them. = I ___ call them.
4. If I leave now, I ___ in New York by 8:00 PM.
8. ___ he in my American History class? 6) They are not coming here. = They ___ coming here.
a) will arrive b) arrive
a) Didn’t b) Wasn’t c) Hadn’t 7) I cannot understand her. = I ___ understand her.
5. You ___ on your test if you don’t study.
9. I realized that I ___ learned a thing (= anything). 8) You are my best friend. = ___ my best friend.
a) won’t do well b) don’t do well
a) didn’t b) wasn’t c) hadn’t 9) I have seen that man before. = ___ seen that man
before. 6. They won’t know the truth if you ___ them.
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a) won’t tell b) don’t tell were ___ by the students. (make) 10. The meeting was up
___ in the conference room. (hold)
7. If I bake a cake, ___ have some? 5. The professor told him not to talk in class. He ___ by
Answers the professor not to talk in class.
a) will you b) do you
1) told 2) disappointed 3) convinced 4) given 5) caught a) has been told b) was told c) was being told
8. If he ___ you, will you answer the phone? 6) read 7) written 8) built 9) made 10) held
6. They say that women are smarter than men. Women
a) will call b) calls ___ to be smarter than men.
The passive voice 2
9. If you don’t go to the party I ___ very upset. a) were being said b) were said c) are said
The first sentence is in the ACTIVE VOICE. Choose the
a) am b) will be most correct way of saying the same thing in the PASSIVE 7. The fire has destroyed the house. The house ___ by
VOICE: the fire.
10. If you get a haircut you ___ much better.
1. They were interviewing her for the job. She ___ for a) has been destroyed b) was being destroyed c) is
a) will look b) look the job. destroyed
Answers a) was being interviewed b) was interviewed c) has 8. She would have told you. You ___ by her.
been interviewed
1) a 2) b 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) a a) would have been told b) would be told c) were
2. Tom is writing the letter. The letter ___ by Tom. being told
The passive voice 1 a) was written b) is being written c) has been written 9. She would reject the offer. The offer ___ by her.
Each of the sentences below is in the PASSIVE VOICE. 3. Everyone understands English. English ___ by a) will have been rejected b) would be rejected c) will
Write the correct form of each verb in brackets: everyone. be rejected
1. Tom was ___ many times to stop talking in class. a) is understood b) has been understood c) was 10. This surprises me. I ___ by this.
(tell) 2. He was ___ by the movie. (disappoint) 3. He was understood
___ by his brother to go to the beach. (convince) 4. The a) would have been surprised b) will be surprised c)
present was ___ to her by her co-worker. (give) 5. The 4. The employees brought up this issue during the am surprised
thief was ___ by the police. (catch) 6. This book is being meeting. This issue ___ by the employeesduring the
___ by all the students. (rea d) 7. ‘Jitterbug Perfume’ was meeting. Answers
___ by Tom Robbins. (write) 8. A new shopping mall is
going to be ___ in Pasadena. (build) 9. Many mistakes a) has been brought up b) is brought up c) was brought 1) a 2) b 3) a 4) c 5) b 6) c 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) c
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The passive voice 3 by Juan. book. — That book was written by Henry Miller.
The first sentence is in the ACTIVE VOICE. Choose the a) are being prepared b) were being prepared c) are 1. The president gave John an award. — John ___ an
most correct way of saying the samething in the PASSIVE prepared award by the president.
VOICE:
7. His brother was telling him to calm down. He ___ to 2. Everyone saw them. — They ___ by everyone.
1. They passed me up for that position. I ___ for that calm down by his brother.
position. 3. The police brought him here. — He ___ here by the
a) is being told b) was being told c) is told police.
a) was passed up b) was being passed up c) am passed
up 8.Adogbitme. I___byadog. 4. The firefighters saved the women. — The women ___
by the firefighters.
2. By tomorrow, I will have bought the car. By tomorrow, a) was being bitten b) was bitten c) have been bitten
the car ___ by me. 5. All the students understood the explanation. — The
9. The movers have delivered the furniture. The explanation ___ by all the students.
a) was being bought b) will have been bought c) was furniture ___ by the movers.
bought 6. Mrs. Richardson filed two complaints. — Two
a) will have been delivered b) would be delivered c) complaints ___ by Mrs. Richardson.
3. John bought the Picasso painting. The Picasso has been delivered
painting ___ by John. 7. That man stole my wallet. — My wallet ___ by that
10. This city will surprise you. You ___ by this city. man.
a) was bought b) will have been bought c) is bought
a) are surprised b) will be surprised c) will have been 8. Everyone knew them. — They ___ by everyone.
4. Most students misunderstand this story. This story surprised
___ by most students. 9. A snake bit him. — He ___ by a snake.
Answers
a) was misunderstood b) has been misunderstood c) is 10. Thomas and his brother built that house. — That
misunderstood 1) a 2) b 3) a 4) c 5) c 6) a 7) b 8) b 9) c 10) b house ___ by Thomas and his brother.
5. My brother carried the groceries into room. The Answers

groceries ___ by my brother into the room. The passive voice: passive voice
1) was given 2) were seen 3) was brought 4) were
a) were being carried b) have been carried c) were sentences in thesimple past 1 saved 5) was understood 6) were filed 7) was stolen 8)
carried were known 9) was bitten 10) was built
Fill in the blanks to change each active voice sentence
6. Juan is preparing the enchiladas. The enchiladas ___ into a passive voice sentence: Henry Miller wrote that
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The passive voice: passive voice are paid 6) are trimmed 7) is set 8) are watered 9) is Past participles 2
done 10) are driven
sentences in thesimple present 1 Fill in each blank space with the correct past participle
for each verb. write — written
Everyone in the house has a task that he or she normally Past participles 1
does. Describe what everyone does, changing each active 1. bring: ___
voice sentence into a passive voice sentence: John buys Fill in each blank space with the correct past participle
the food. — The food is bought by John. for each verb. write — written 2. say: ___
1. Thomas washes the dishes. — The dishes ___ by 1. sing: ___ 3. tell: ___
Thomas.
2. know: ___ 4. drive: ___
2. Frank feeds the dogs. — The dogs ___ by Frank.
3. try: ___ 5. take: ___
3. Maria prepares the food. — The food ___ by Maria.
4. believe: ___ 6. walk: ___
4. David cleans the kitchen. — The kitchen ___ by David.
5. study: ___ 7. come: ___
5. My father pays the bills. — The bills ___ by my father.
6. see: ___ 8. paint: ___
6. The gardener trims the bushes. — The bushes ___ by
the gardener. 7. fall: ___ 9. go: ___
7. Helen sets the table. — The table ___ by Helen. 8. laugh: ___ 10. finish: ___
8. My mother waters the plants. — The plants ___ by my 9. cry: ___ Answers
mother.
10. understand: ___ 1) brought 2) said 3) told 4) driven 5) taken 6) walked
9. Arthur does the laundry. — The laundry ___ by Arthur. 7) come 8) painted 9) gone 10) finished
Answers
10. My uncle drives us to school. — We ___ to school by
my uncle. 1) sung 2) known 3) tried 4) believed 5) studied 6) Reported speech in english: commands
seen 7) fallen 8) laughed 9) cried 10) understood
Answers 1
1) are washed 2) are fed 3) is prepared 4) is cleaned 5) Complete each sentence pair by ‘reporting’ what was said
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in the first sentence. Fill in any words that are missing: Reported speech in english: mixed 6. ‘Tell me your name.’ She asked me ___ her my name.
JOHN: ‘Go away!’ John told us to go away.
tenses 3 a) tell b) to tell c) told
1. MRS. SMITH: ‘Don’t play in front of my window!’ Mrs.
Smith told us ___ Choose the best (most grammatically correct) response 7. ‘I run a successful design studio.’ Victor told the man
to complete each sentence. Remember — all of these that he ___ a successful designstudio.
2. YOUR MOTHER: ‘Come back in one hour.’ Your mother examples have the reporting verb (said, told, etc.) in the
told me ___. PAST: a) running b) was running c) ran
3. TOM: ‘Call me in the evening.’ Tom told us ___. 1. ‘My grandfather is going to cook dinner for us.’ She 8. ‘I am a good dancer.’ She told me that she ___ a good
told me that her grandfather ___ dancer.
4. YOU: ‘Come with us!’ They told Mary ___.
dinner for us. a) is b) was c) will be
5. HEATHER: ‘Don’t say that!’ HEATHER told you ___.
a) would cook b) was cooking c) cooks 9. ‘I have been to that bar.’ He told me that he ___ to
6. GEORGE: ‘Feed the cat!’ GEORGE asked his girlfriend that bar.
___. 2. ‘I loved him very much.’ My sister told me that she ___
him very much. a) had been b) will have been c) is being
7. MR. STEPHENS: ‘Buy me some milk!’ Mr. Stephens
told me ___ some milk. a) was loving b) loved c) would love 10. ‘I am writing an email to my girlfriend.’ He told me
that he ___ an email to his girlfriend.
8. VICTORIA: ‘Leave me alone!’ Victoria told her friend 3. ‘Marta is learning Vietnamese.’ He told me that Marta
___ alone. ___ Vietnamese. a) is writing b) was writing c) writes
Answers a) will learn b) is learning c) was learning Answers
1) not to play in front of her window 2) to come back 4. ‘I’ve been to Greece.’ My friend told me that he ___ to 1) a 2) b 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) c 8) b 9) a 10) b
in one hour 3) to call him in the evening 4) to come Greece.
with them 5) not to say that 6) to feed the cat 7) to buy
some milk 8) to leave heralone a) been b) had been c) was Conditionals: the second conditional
5. ‘I’ll talk to the general about this.’ The colonel said structure 1
that he ___ to the general about this.
The second conditional is used to talk about unreal
a) would talk b) will talk c) talked situations in the present (things that are impossible, that
won’t happen, etc.). Choose the correct response for each
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of the sentences: a) would go b) will go 5. If she ___ me, she would have told me.
1. If my grandfather were younger, He ___ so many 10. You wouldn’t feel so tired if you ___ more. a) didn’t believe b) wouldn’t believe
things.
a) will sleep b) slept 6. He wouldn’t say that if he ___ it.
a) wouldn’t forget b) didn’t forget
Answers a) wouldn’t mean b) didn’t mean
2. If I ___ more money, I would buy a new car.
1) a 2) b 3) a 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) b 8) b 9) a 10) b 7. I ___ on a trip around the world if I won the lottery.
a) would have b) had
a) would go b) will go
3. If she had an umbrella, she ___ wet. Conditionals: the second conditional
8. I ___ that if I were you.
a) wouldn’t get b) didn’t get structure 2
a) will not do b) would not do
4. If we ___ a car, we would get there in 30 minutes. The second conditional is used to talk about unreal
situations in the present (things that are impossible, that 9. If these walls ___ thicker, we wouldn’t hear the
a) would have b) had won’t happen, etc.). Choose the correct response for each neighbors.
of the sentences:
5. I ___ more careful if I were you. a) would be b) were
1. If his nose were smaller, he ___ very handsome.
a) would be b) were 10. If I were a millionaire, ___ a mansion.
a) would be b) was
6. If animals could talk, I wonder what they ___ ? a) I’d buy b) I’m going to buy
2. I would come if I ___ a car.
a) said b) would say Answers
a) would have b) had
7. If she ___ harder, she would make more money. 1) a 2) b 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) a
3. If she ___, she would tell him.
a) will work b) worked
a) knows b) knew Conditionals: the third conditional
8. If he changed jobs, He ___ much happier.
4. If his parents didn’t give him money, he ___ so much. structure
a) will be b) would be
a) wouldn’t go out b) didn’t go out The third conditional is used to talk about unreal
9. If it wasn’t raining, we ___ to the beach. situations in the past (things that wereimpossible, that
Стр. 47
didn’t happen, etc.). Choose the correct response for each a) hadn’t been b) wouldn’t be 5. My parents are not rich, but my aunt ___.
of the sentences:
9. If you ___ me, I wouldn’t have known about the party. a) is b) are
1. If she hadn’t told him, he ___.
a) haven’t called b) hadn’t called 6. I ___ older than my brother.
a) will never find out b) would have never found out
10. Tina would have called you if you ___ her your a) is b) am
2. I ___ this is you hadn’t asked me. number.
7. My sister and I ___ twins.
a) would never have done b) didn’t do a) would give b) had given
a) are b) am
3. If I ___ about this, I would have told you. Answers
8. That ___ a really good movie!
a) know b) had known 1) b 2) a 3) b 4) b 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) a 9) b 10) b
a) are b) is
4. If they ___ to rest they would not have been so tired.
Verbs: to be (present tense) 9. These ___ not my socks.
a) have stopped b) had stopped
Choose the correct present tense form of the verb «to be» a) is b) are
5. I ___ that he’s 38 years old if he hadn’t told me. for each sentence:
10. ___ you happy?
a) wouldn’t have guessed b) didn’t guess 1. These ___ my friends.
a) Are b) Is
6. If I hadn’t seen that movie last week, I ___ to see it a) are b) is
with you yesterday. Answers
2. Robert ___ sick.
a) would go b) would have gone 1) a 2) b 3) b 4) a 5) a 6) b 7) a 8) b 9) b 10) a
a) are b) is
7. If you ___ the money that you owe me, I would have
been able to go out last night. 3. ___ he Mexican?
a) had returned b) returned a) Aren’t b) Isn’t
8. Thomas wouldn’t have bought the jacket if it ___ on 4. His tests ___ very difficult.
sale.
a) aren’t b) isn’t
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TIEMPO VERBAL AFIRMACIÓN NEGACIÓN INTERROGACIÓN
Present Simple They have a house They don’t have a house Do they have a house
(Ellos) tienen una casa
Present Continuous He’s studying now He isn’t studying now Is he studying now?
(Él) está estudiando ahora
Past Simple They watched a film They didn’t watch a film Did they watch a film?
(Ellos) vieron una película
Past Continuous It was raining It wasn’t raining Was it raining?
Estaba lloviendo
Present Perfect You have read this book You haven’t read this book Have you read this
Has leído este libro book?
Present Perfect Continuous He has been working hard He hasn’t been working Has he been working
(Él) ha estado trabajando duro hard hard?
Past Perfect She had eaten sushi She hadn’t eaten sushi Had she eaten sushi?
(Ella) había comido sushi
Past Perfect Continuous She had been waiting for him She hadn’t been waiting for Had she been waiting
(Ella) había estado esperándolo him for him?
Future Simple He will go to the office He won’t go to the office Will he go to the office?
(Él) irá a la oficina
Future Continuous We will be travelling We won’t be travelling Will we be travelling?
Estaremos viajando
Future Perfect He will have arrived He won’t have arrived Will he have arrived?
(Él) habrá llegado
Future Perfect Continuous You will have been working You won’t have been Will you have been
Habrás estado trabajando working working?
Future “be going to” They are going to be married They aren’t going to be Are they going to be
Se van a casar married married?
http://aprendeinglessila.com/
Collocations con TO DO y con TO MAKE
TO DO
INGLÉS PRONUNCIACIÓN ESPAÑOL
To do a favour tə də ə ˈfeɪvə Hacer un favor
To do a job ə dʒɒb Hacer un trabajo
To do a number ə ˈnʌmbə Hacer un numerito
To do a talk ə ˈtɔːk Hacer una
presentación oral o dar
una conferencia
To do an exercise ən ˈeksəsaɪz Hacer un ejercicio
To do an experiment ən ɪkˈsperɪmənt Hacer un experimento
To do evil ˈː Hacer (el) mal
To do good ɡʊd Hacer (el) bien
To do harm hɑːm Lastimar
To do homework ˈhəʊmwɜːk Hacer los deberes
To do housework ˈhaʊswɜːk Hacer las tareas del
hogar
To do justice ˈdʒʌstɪs Hacer justicia
To do little ˈlɪt Hacer poco
To do much ˈmʌtʃ Hacer mucho
To do one’s best wʌnz best Hacer lo mejor posible
To do some exercise səm ˈeksəsaɪz Hacer ejercicio (físico)
To do some work səm ˈwɜːk Trabajar
To do something ˈsʌmθɪŋ Hacer algo
To do the shopping ðə ˈʃɒpɪŋ Hacer la compra
To do the washing-up o ðə ˌwɒʃɪŋ ˈʌp - ðə ˈdɪʃɪz Lavar los platos
to do the dishes
To do well wel Hacerlo bien
TO MAKE
INGLÉS PRONUNCIACIÓN ESPAÑOL

To make a bet tə ˈmeɪk ə ˈbet Apostar
To make a cake ə keɪk Hacer un pastel
To make a cancellation ə ˌkænsəˈleɪʃn Cancelar algo
To make a complaint ə kəmˈp eɪnt Hacer una queja
To make a decision ə dɪˈsɪʒn Tomar una decisión
To make a fortune ə ˈfɔːtʃuːn Hacer una fortuna
To make a hole ə həʊl Hacer un agujero
To make a list ə lɪst Hacer una lista
To make a mistake ə mɪˈsteɪk Cometer un error
To make a noise ə nɔɪz Hacer ruido
To make a proposal ə prəˈpəʊ Hacer una propuesta
To make a speech ə sp ːtʃ Hacer un discurso
To make a suggestion ə səˈdʒestʃən Hacer una sugerencia
To make a wish ə wɪʃ Pedir un deseo
To make an ən əˈpɔɪntmənt Organizar una
appointment cita/reunión
To make an effort ən ˈefət Hacer un esfuerzo
To make an exception ən ɪkˈsepʃn fɔː Hacer una excepción
(for)
To make an investment ən ɪnˈ estmənt Hacer una inversión
To make an offer ən ˈɒfə Hacer una oferta
To make certain ˈsɜːtn Asegurarse
To make faces ˈfeɪsɪz Hacer muecas
To make fun of fʌn ɒv Hacer burla de
To make money ˈmʌni Hacer dinero
To make plans plænz Hacer planes
To make progress prəˈɡres Hacer progresos
To make tea tː Preparar té
To make the bed ðə bed Hacer la cama
To make use of ˈjuːs ɒv Hacer uso de
To make war wɔː Hacer la guerra

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Delexical verbs (Delexical verbos)

Utilizamos "make" con planes, viajes y en referencia a hablar.

Otros usos de "tell":

2. Usamos "tell" cuando damos o pedimos información.

4. Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa "tell."

5. Usamos "tell" con el tiempo o la fecha.

Cuando los utilizamos como interrogativos, expresan extrañeza, sorpresa, indignación o

Whatever (Cualquier que/lo que quiera)

Whichever (Cualquiera que)

Take whichever one you like. (Coge el que te guste.)

Wherever (Dondequiera que)

Whenever (Siempre que)

Whoever/Whomever (Quienquiera que)

However (Como quiera)

However did you finish it? (¿Como lo terminaste?)

mi, mis Ésta es mi casa.

su, sus (de él) Ésta es su bicicleta.

nuestro/a, nuestros/as Éstas son nuestras maletas.

mío/s, mía/s Este libro es mío.

Los pronombres posesivos se clasifican en dos tipos según su función en la oración.

2.En función de pronombre

Nota: Estos ejemplos responden a la pregunta, "¿De quién es?.

(Pronombres posesivos y el genitivo)

2.Cuando nos referimos a cosas o lugares utilizaremos la preposición "of".

Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos delante de la hora y de fiestas.

Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con días de la semana, fechas y fiestas.

Introducing the Aptis test

Aptis is an innovative global English assessment tool from the British

Aptis doesn't test at a single level. Instead, it includes a range of questions,

Test structure............................................................................................................................................................................................................. ........................3

Aptis core test (grammar and vocabulary)..........................................................................................................................................................................5

Aptis reading test.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................9

Aptis listening test.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................15

Aptis writing test............................................................................................................................................................................................................................17

Aptis speaking test.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................27

Aptis Advanced test.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................38

How to take the online test.............................................................................................................................................................................. ........................45

Accommodations and special needs..................................................................................................................................................................................49

Reading Listening Writing Speaking

Here is the structure of the Aptis test:

Test Test design Activity Format

Word pairs or word combinations

Aptis Advanced test structure

Aptis core test (grammar and vocabulary)

Test design Description Preparation

Word usage: complete a sentence by

Word pairs or word combinations: these are

Sample grammar questions

Here are some examples:

My boss says that I ______ to ﬁnish the report by Friday.

My new computer works _____ faster than my old one.

I have worked for this company _____ I left university.

Sample vocabulary questions

Example: big = large

Complete each deﬁnition using a word from the drop-down list.

Example: big + house

Sample questions answer keys

Grammar sample questions answer key

Correct answers actually

Vocabulary sample questions answer key