Diseño de Zapata Aislada
Diseño de Zapata Aislada
Diseño de Zapata Aislada
DATOS:
MD,ML
1.- DIMENSIONAMIENTO DE LA ZAPATA PD, PL
Cálculo del peralte de la zapata (hc )
b
qm=qa−g ht −g chc-s/c qm = 2.24 kg/cm²
t
t
T
Cálculo del área de la zapata ( Az )
Donde:
Pu = 1.4 x 180000 + 1.7 x 100000 3.63 kg/cm2 Pu = Carga Ultima
Wnu= 350 x 370
=
Azap
Lv = 5.00 cm
T −t r.e = 7.50 cm
Lv=
2 Øb ( 3/4") = 1.91 cm (Suponiendo varillas Ø3/4")
d= 60.59 cm ( d = hc - Øb - r.e. )
Vdu=( WnuxB)(Lv-d) Vdu = -8,060.55 kg
Vc=0 .53 √ f'c bd Ø= 0.85 (Coef. De reduccion por corte)
bo = 2 x ( t + d ) + 2 x ( b + d ) =
bo = 362.36
2m +2n β Dmayor
c= Dmenor , β
c ≤2→Vc=1 . 06 √ f ' c bo d
cm (perimetro de los
Vu≤ØVc; Ø=0 . 85
planos de falla)
Vc = 0.27 * 2 + 4 * f 'c^.5 * bo * d = 1.06 * f 'c^.5 * bo * d
b c
Vc = 515,425.46 kg Vc= 337,253.69 Kg
ØVc = 438,111.64 kg ØVc= 286,665.64 Kg
ØVc > Vdu OK!
b c = lado mayor columna ( t ) bc = 1
lado menor columna ( b ) d/2
n = b+d
b
B
d/2
m=t+d m = 90.59
t
n=t+b n = 90.59
bo = 2*m + 2*n Vu = 1.1 x f'c x bo x d m = t+d
Vu = Øvc OK ! Vu = 337,253.69 kg
Øvc = 286,665.64 kg T
As tranv = As * T
B T = 40 ree = 7.50 cm
As mín = 0.0018 * B * d B = 40 cm Øb ( 3/4") = 1.91 2cm
As > As mín OK !! d = 60.59 2cm2
a = 5.01 cm (Valor Asumido)
Aøb 2 Aøb ( 3/4" ) = 2.85 cm2
# Varilla ( n ) = As # Varilla ( n ) = 0
Aøb Espaciam = -23.09
As transv = 0.01 cm2 0 Ø 3/4" @ -23.09 cm
Espaciam = B - 2*r.e - Øb
n -1 Aøb ( 3/4" ) = 2.85
# Varilla ( n ) = 1
Espaciam = #DIV/0!
Asmin = 2.88 cm2 1 Ø 3/4" @ #DIV/0!cm
ld = Øb * fy * a * b * g * l < Lv1
3.54 * f 'c^.5 * C + Kr
Øb
Lv1 = Lv - r.e.e
Asc = 2 * Astrv
( b +1) b= 1.00 Øb (3/4") = 1.91 C = 8.50
g= 0.80 r.e.e = 7.50 ktr = 0
b = Lado mayor Zapata l= 1.00 fy = 4200
Lado menor Zapata a= 1.00 f'c = 210 2.5 q = ( C+kt r )/ Øb
Aøb
# Varilla ( n ) = As Longitud de desarrollo en tracción q= 10.41
Aøb
Espaciam = B - 2*r.e.e - Øb Lv1 = -2.50 cm q >= 2.5 ,PONER 2.5 !!
n -1 Ld = 50.04 cm q < 2.5 ,PONER q !!
Ld < Lv1 AUMENTAR EL T !!
Espaciamiento del Refuerzo
Asc = 0.01 cm2
45 cm
> -23.09 OK !!
3xh 120 cm
Diseñar la zapata combinada que soportara las columnas mostradas en la figura. La capacidad portante del suelo es
qa = 2 kg/cm2Considere fy = 4200 kg/cm2 y f'c = 210 kg/cm2 para la cimentacion . F'c = 280 kg/cm2 en las columnas.
1 2 g m h t = 101.00
b1
b2
t1 t2 hc = 54.00
4.55 m 1.40
Tomar ht = 101.00 cm
Rs = 99 Tn
P1s = 35 Tn
Lz / 2 P2s = 64 Tn
e = Lz / 2 - Xo Rs = 99 Tn
Lz / 6 Xo = 301.21 cm
e < Lz/6
q1,2 = Rs * 1 ± 6 * e Lz = 625.00 cm
Lz Lz Lz / 2 = 312.50 cm
e= 11.29 cm
Lz / 6= 104 cm
Página 5 de 39
L = 2 x Xo L= 602 cm
B= 101 cm
B =(P1s +P2s) tomamos B = 85 cm
qn x L
Como S/C = 500 kg/cm², Verificamos las presiones del suelo - ADICIONAL ( q 1,2 )
+e Mo = 0 20 20 30 30
+e Mo = 0 20 20 30 30
V 55311.978 kg
1241.15 kg
+ +
+ 1.6297 m
-
- -
-8688.022 kg
-33758.85 kg
kg - m
-27385.1
M
-
-
+
+ +
124.12 kg - m
6081.62 kg - m
Vc = 1396870.757 kg Vc = 1412870 kg
ØVc = 1187340.143 kg ØVc = 1200939 kg
Vc = 948492.49 kg Vc = 1106949 kg
ØVc = 806218.62 kg ØVc = 940906.79 kg
Vu < ØVc CUMPLE !! Vu < ØVc CUMPLE !!
Página 7 de 39
X x qn - P1 = 0
P1 qn x X^2 _ P1 x X
X= X = 5.64 m Mu = Mu = -91699.11 kg - m
qn 2
m
m
Calculo de As :
Mu = 91699.11 kg - m
qn x ( L )^2
Mu = Mu = 6081.61 kg - m
2
L= 1.91 m 1.4 14 Ø 5/8"@ 22cm
Calculo de As :
Mu = 6081.61 kg - m
1.205 1.91
Página 8 de 39
Pu Pu
qn = qn = 1.68 kg/cm2 qn = qn = 1.91 kg/cm2
Az Az
As = 2.2 cm2 Aøb ( 3/4" ) = 2.85 cm2 As = 4.34 cm2 Aøb ( 3/4" ) = 2.85 cm2
# Varilla ( n ) = 11 # Varilla ( n ) = 18
Espaciam = 10.00 cm Espaciam = 10.00 cm
As mín = 32.54 cm2 11 Ø 3/4" @ 10 cm As mín = 51.57 cm2 ### Ø 3/4" @ 10 cm
24 Ø3/4"@ 11cm
18 Ø 3/4"@ 10cm
ld = Øb * fy * a * b * g < * Lv1
l
3.54 * f 'c^.5 * C + Kr
Øb Ld = 71 cm Ld1 = 46 cm
Lv1 = Lv - r.e.e
Aøb ( 3/4" ) = 2.85 cm2 Ø 3/8" para refuerzo principal Ø =< 3/4"
# Varilla ( n ) = 25 Ø 1/2" para refuerzo principal Ø > 3/4"
Espaciam = 10.00 cm con espaciamiento maximo de 45 cm.
25 Ø 3/4" @ 10 cm 0.2
Página 10 de 39
DATOS:
Zapata Acero
f ' c = 175 kg/cm² fy= 4200 kg/cm² S/C = 500 kg/m²
Columna Suelo
f ' c = 210 kg/cm² Df = 1.60 m Lc = 550 cm
b1 = 50 cm g m= 1800 kg/m³ db = 1.91 cm
t1 = 50 cm g c= 2400 kg/m³
b2 = 40 cm qa = 2.00 kg/cm²
t2 = 50 cm db = 1.91 cm
ZAPATA EXTERIOR:
ht = Df - hc = ht = 101 cm
P1xe ( PD + PL ) x e ( 50 + 30 ) x 1000 x 57
P'2 = = = == 9249.49
L Lc - e 550 - 57
=
P'2 = 9249.49kg
Ps P1 + P' 2
Az = Az = = 54868.437 cm2
qn qn
b -t P'1 = 9431
nuevo e = e = 58
2 2 P'2 = 54980
A = 2 x( b )^2 = 54980 b = 166
b= 165 tomamos
t=2b t= 330
ZAPATA EXTERIOR:
ht = Df - hc = ht = 100 cm
P1xe ( PD + PL ) x e ( 40 + 24 ) x 1000 x 50
P'2 = = = = = 9486
L Lc - e 550 - 50
P'2 = 9486.00kg
Ps P2 + P' 2
Az = Az = = 36743 cm2
qn qn
b -t P'1 = 9486
nuevo e = e = 71
2 2 P'2 = 44743
A = 2 x( b )^2 = 44743 b = 150
Lc 550 SECCION
h= = h = 79 cm
7 7 50 x 80
P1
b= b = 47 cm
31 x Lc
As > Asmin OK !!
Página 13 de 39
Pu Pu
qn = qn = #DIV/0! kg/cm2 qn = #DIV/0!
Az Az
Columna Exterior
Para la sección A columna = 50 x 50 = 2500 cm² ( COLUMNA )
ld = Øb * fy * a * * b* * *g * l < Lv1
3.54 * f 'c^.5 * C + Kr
Øb
Lv1 = Lv - r.e.e
Página 14 de 39
Asc = 2 * Astrv
( b +1) b= 1.00 Øb (5/8") = 1.59 C = 8.50
g= 0.80 r.e.e = 7.50 ktr = 0
b = Lado mayor Zapata l= 1.00 fy = 4200
Lado menor Zapata a= 1.00 f'c = 175 2.5 q = ( C+kt r )/ Øb
Aøb
# Varilla ( n ) = As Longitud de desarrollo en tracción q=
Aøb
Espaciam = B - 2*r.e.e - Øb Lv1 = 38.13 cm q >= 2.5 ,PONER 2.5 !!
n -1 Ld = 46 cm q < 2.5 ,PONER q !!
Ld < Lv1 AUMENTAR EL T !!
Espaciamiento del Refuerzo
45 cm
As1 =
> OK !!
3xh 0 cm
d/2
6 Ø 1"@ 7cm d/2
14 Ø 5/8"@ 22cm
14 Ø 5/8"@ 18cm
12 Ø 5/8"@ 12cm
Página 15 de 39
cm2
3
3
Página 16 de 39
kg
#DIV/0! kg
8 cm
( Valor Asumido )
18 cm
4
2.85 cm2
10.00 cm2
OK !!
Página 17 de 39
8.50
q = ( C+kt r )/ Øb
10.09
S/C= 450
g m1= 1700 KS
0.9
Y'
A B C D
0.2
1 2 3
E F 4.5
Y
9.8
4 5 6
X
G H
4.5
7 8 9
I L 0.6
O J K X'
DATOS
COLUMNA PD (ton) PL (ton) Pu F'c = 210 kg/cm2
1 45 25 70 Fy = 4200 kg/cm2
2 60 30 90 g c= 2400 kg/m3
3 60 30 90 qa = 1.4 kg/cm2
4 60 30 90 Ks = 1 kg/cm3
5 100 40 140 S/C= 450 Kg/m2
6 70 30 100 gm1= 1700 kg/m3
7 60 30 90
8 70 30 100
9 60 30 90
585 275 860
l= 4 3Ks E=15000*√F'c
Et3
AREA DE LOSA
A= B * L = 113.68 m2 B= 11.6 m.
L= 9.8 m.
Entonces :
q = ( Pu/a ) + - ( MyX / Iy ) + - ( MxY / Ix )
Donde :
Pu= 1286500 kg.
ENTONCES:
q= 1286500 + - 1286500x + - 5146000y
(980)(1160) 1.275*1011 9.098*1010
3.-PROCESAMOS LA TABLA
q<=qn SI CUMPLE
COLUMNA 5
Vu = Pu - (qnu * m * n)
n= 40 + d
d/2
m = 40 + d
Vc=1.1√F'c*bo*d
Igualamos : Vu = f Vc
Vc=1.1√210*4(40+d)
fVc=
n = 40 +d/2
COLUMNA 2
Vu = Pu - (qnu * m * n)
Vu= 1.4*60000 +1.7*30000 -1.167*(40+d)*(40+d/2) m = 40 +d
COLUMNA 1
Vc=1.1√F'c*bo*d Vu = Pu - (qnu * m * n)
Vc=1.1√210*(120+2d)d
fVc=
m = 40 +d/2
Vc=1.1√F'c*bo*d
Vc=1.1√210*2(40+d/2)d
fVc= 1083.95d +13.55d2
Igualamos Vu=fVc
13.83d2 + 1130.63d - 103633 =0
Si d = 55
ht = 65
l= 4 3Ks E=15000*√F'c
Et3
FRANJA q q prom. b L P SP CP F
A 1.167 1.1566 245 1160 P1 375500.0 352098 0.938
B 1.164 P2 1
C 1.159 P3
D 1.156
E 1.153
F 1.141
E 1.153 1.1332 450 1160 P4 492000.00 541765.2 1.101
F 1.141 P5
H 1.114 P6
G 1.126
G 1.126 1.1084 285 1160 P7 419000.00 392713 0.937
H 1.114 P8 1
I 1.108 P9
J 1.106
K 1.100
L 1.097
A 1.167 1.1372 290 980 P1 375500.00 349351 0.930
B 1.164 P4 1
J 1.106 P7
I 1.108
G 1.126
E 1.153
B 1.164 1.1322 540 980 P2 492000.00 545580 1.109
C 1.159 P5
J 1.106 P8
K 1.100
C 1.159 1.1277 330 980 P3 419000.00 391849 0.935
D 1.156 P6
F 1.141 P9
H 1.114
K 1.100
L 1.097
Efectuamos el diseño de la losa considerando por cuestiones academicas una sola franja central EFGH, en primer lugar
determinamos el diagrama de fuerzas cortantes y momentos flectores a partir del modelo estructural.
q1 = b x (qe + qg)
2
Vu < ØVc OK
Refuerzo superior :
22489412 20614568
Mu = 22489412 kg -cm
a= 5 cm
(-) (-)
AS = 111.21 cm2
a= 5.81 cm
AS = 112.06 cm2
102000 7512000 918000 ( 23 Ø 1" @ 20 cm )
Refuerzo Inferior :
Mu = 7512000 kg -cm
a= 1.94 cm
AS = 36.11 cm2
a= 5.81 cm
AS = 37.43 cm2
1 2 3 4
5.05m
5 6 7 8
4.80m
9 10 11 12 20.00m
4.80m
13 14 15 16
4.80m
17 18 19 20
0.55m
17.45m
CUADRO DE CARGAS
Toneladas
COLUMNA
PD PL
1 40 15
2-3 60 30
4 50 25
5 - 9 - 13 70 30
6 - 7 140 70
10 - 11 160 75
14 - 15 160 85
8 - 12 - 16 90 40
17 80 35
18 - 19 85 40
20 100 45
SOLUCION
Ks = 8 kg/cm³ m= 0.25
A= 20.00*17.45 m2
A= 349.00 m2
Método a usar
3 x Ks
l= √
4
E x t³
550 cm
Lc = { 480 cm
Si 1.75 METODO
Lc <
l Þ RIGIDO
1.75 METODO
Lc > l Þ FLEXIBLE
Tabulando :
t l 1,75/l
10 0.018228569 96 ® METODO FLEXIBLE 0
20 0.010838772 161 ® METODO FLEXIBLE 0
30 0.007996715 219 ® METODO FLEXIBLE 0
40 0.006444772 272 ® METODO FLEXIBLE 0
50 0.005451614 321 ® METODO FLEXIBLE 0
60 0.004754875 368 ® METODO FLEXIBLE 0
70 0.004235738 413 ® METODO FLEXIBLE 0
0
CALCULO DE LA PRESION NETA
Asumiendo
t= 50.00 cm
qn = qa - gt x ht - gc x hc - s/c
qn = 0.931 kg/cm²
Vu = Pu - qn x m x n
Vc = 1,1 √ f'c x bo x d
COLUMNA 1
50
50 + d/2
50
50 + d/2
Vc = 31.881 x ( 50 d + 0,50 d² )
ø Vc = 27.099 x ( 50 d + 0,50 d² ) (b )
d² + 101,70 d - 5745,46 = 0
® d= 40.43 cm NO OK !
COLUMNA 2 - 3
50
50 + d/2
50
50 + d
Vc = 15.941 x ( 150 d + 2 d² )
d² + 76,27 d - 4813,25 = 0
® d= 41.03 cm NO OK !
COLUMNA 4
50
50 + d/2
50
50 + d
Vu = 1,4 x 50000 + 1,7 x 25000 - 0,931 x (50 + d) x (50 + d/2)
Vc = 15.941 x ( 150 d + 2 d² )
d² + 76,27 d - 3996,97 = 0
® d= 35.7 cm OK !
COLUMNA 5 - 9 - 13
50
50
50 + d
50 + d/2
Vu = 1,4 x 70000 + 1,7 x 30000 - 0,931 x (50 + d) x (50 + d/2)
Vc = 15.941 x ( 150 d + 2 d² )
d² + 76,27 d - 5321,16 = 0
® d= 44.18 cm NO OK !
COLUMNA 6 - 7
50 50 + d
50
50 + d
Vc = 1,10 √ 210 x 4 x ( 50 + d ) x d
Vc = 15.941 x ( 200 d + 4 d² )
d² + 50,84 d - 5671,86 = 0
® d= 54.07 cm NO OK !
COLUMNA 10 - 11
50
50 + d
50
50 + d
Vc = 1,10 √ 210 x 4 x ( 50 + d ) x d
Vc = 15.941 x ( 200 d + 4 d² )
d² + 50,84 d - 6333,97 = 0
® d= 58.13 cm NO OK !
COLUMNA 14 - 15
50 50 + d
50
50 + d
Vc = 1,10 √ 210 x 4 x ( 50 + d ) x d
Vc = 15.941 x ( 200 d + 4 d² )
d² + 50,84 d - 6642,34 = 0
® d= 59.95 cm NO OK !
COLUMNA 8 - 12 - 16
50
50 + d
50
50 + d
Vc = 1,10 √ 210 x 4 x ( 50 + d ) x d
Vc = 15.941 x ( 200 d + 4 d² )
d² + 50,84 d - 3476,93 = 0
® d= 38.79 cm OK !
COLUMNA 17
50
50
50 + d
50 + d/2
Vu = 1,4 x 80000 + 1,7 x 35000 - 0,931 x (50 + d) x (50 + d/2)
Vc = 15.941 x ( 150 d + 2 d² )
d² + 76,27 d - 6137,44 = 0
® d= 49.00 cm NO OK !
COLUMNA 18 - 19
50 50 + d
50
50 + d
Vc = 1,10 √ 210 x 4 x ( 50 + d ) x d
Vc = 15.941 x ( 200 d + 4 d² )
d² + 50,84 d - 3349,95 = 0
® d= 37.79 cm OK !
COLUMNA 20
50
50 + d
50
50 + d
Vc = 1,10 √ 210 x 4 x ( 50 + d ) x d
Vc = 15.941 x ( 200 d + 4 d² )
d² + 50,84 d - 3885,07 = 0
® d= 41.89 cm NO OK !
Þ t= 70 cm
qn = 0.916 kg/cm²
COLUMNA 14 - 15
50 50 + d
50
50 + d
Vc = 1,10 √ 210 x 4 x ( 50 + d ) x d
Vc = 15.941 x ( 200 d + 4 d² )
ø Vc = 13.549 x ( 200 d + 4 d² ) (b)
d² + 50,83 d - 6644,83 = 0
® d= 59.97 cm OK !
® t= 70.00 cm.
3.-PROCESAMOS LA TABLA
FRANJA q q prom. b L P SP CP F
A 1.167 1.1566 245 1160 P1 626450000.0 313389348 0.500
B 1.164 P2 1
C 1.159 P3
D 1.156
E 1.153
F 1.141
E 1.153 1.1332 450 1160 P4 626450000.00 313520765.2 0.500
F 1.141 P5 1
H 1.114 P6
G 1.126
G 1.126 1.1084 285 1160 P7 626450000.00 313408213 0.500
H 1.114 P8 1
I 1.108 P9
J 1.106
K 1.100
L 1.097
A 1.167 1.1372 290 980 P1 0.00 161600.8567 0.500
B 1.164 P4 1
J 1.106 P7
I 1.108
G 1.126
E 1.153
B 1.164 1.1322 540 980 P2 626450000.00 313524580 0.500
C 1.159 P5
J 1.106 P8
K 1.100
C 1.159 1.1277 330 980 P3 626450000.00 313407349 0.500
D 1.156 P6
F 1.141 P9
H 1.114
K 1.100
L 1.097
DISEÑO DE PILOTES
Estracto Duro
Fy Ld = 44 cm hc = Ld + 15 hc =
ld = 0 . 08 *db*
√ F'c Se toma hc =
Ld = 0.004 x db x fy Ld = 32 cm
Az = 3.60 3.60
Az = 4.1 4.1
Q = Ef Qf + Qp
Ef = (1 - tan ^ - 1 x ( D/d ) ) x( ( n^3 -1 ) x m^3 + (m^3 - 1 ) x n^3)/ (90 x m^3 x n^3) =
Datos
kg/m3
kg/m2
kg/cm2
kg/cm2
kg/m2
cm
59 cm
60 cm
s su capacidad de carga.
Tan x = 0.324919696
Tan x1= 0.476975533
Z2 = 6.6
Nq = 55
180000 kg
Tan x = 0.324919696
Tan x1= 0.476975533
Z2 = 6.6
Nq = 55
180000
0.73