PROBLEMA 28.10. La reacción A → B tiene lugar en dos reactores en serie.

Los
reactores están bien mezclados, pero no en estado estable. El balance de masa de estado
no estable para cada tanque de agitado de los reactores es el siguiente:
d CA 1 1
= ( CA 0−CA 1 ) −k CA 1=f 1(CA )
dt τ 1

d CB 1 −1
= CB 1+ k CA 1=f 2(CA , CB )
dt τ 1 1

d CA 2 1
= ( CA 1−CA 2 )−k CA 2=f 3(CA ,CA 2)
dt τ 1

d CB 2 1
= ( CB 1−CB 2 ) +k CA 2=f 4 (CB , CA , CB )
dt τ 1 2 2

Donde CA0 = concentración de A en la entrada del primer reactor, CA1 = concentración

de A a la salida del primer reactor (y en la entrada del segundo), CA2 = concentración
de A en la salida del segundo reactor. CB1 = concentración de B en la salida del primer
reactor (y en la entrada del segundo), CB2 = concentración de B en el segundo reactor, τ
= tiempo de residencia de cada reactor y k = tasa constante para la reacción de A para
producir B. Si CA0 es igual a 20, encuentre las concentraciones de A y B en ambos
reactores durante sus primeros 10 minutos de operación. Utilice k = 0.12/min y τ = 5
min, y suponga que las condiciones iniciales de todas las variables dependientes son
cero.
Solución:
Para CA1 tenemos que su EDO solo depende de la CA 1, por lo cual el modelado de la
función mediante el método de Runge Kutta en cuarto orden se ejemplifica de la
siguiente manera, todos estos valores corresponden para t1 = 0.5 min. CA1(0) = 0
1
K 1 (CA )=f 1 (CA ,)
= ( 20−0 )−0.12∗0=4
1 1 (0 )
5
1
K 2 (CA )=f K ∗h
= ¿
1
(
1 CA 1 (0) + 1
2 ) 5
1
K 3 (CA ) =f K ∗h
= ¿
1
(
1 CA1 (0) + 2
2 ) 5
1
K 4 (CA )=f 1( CA + K 3∗h)
= ( 20−(0+0.5) )−0.12∗( 0+0.5)=3.407
1 1 ( 0)
5

( K 1 (CA ) +2∗K 2(CA ) +2∗K 3 (CA ) + K 4 (CA ) )∗h

CA 1 (1) =CA 1(1) + 1 1 1 1
=1.84819
6

1
 i t (min) K1 K2 K3 K4 CA1 (real) CA1 (RK)
0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000
1 0.5 4.000 3.680 3.706 3.407 1.84820 1.84819
2 1 3.409 3.136 3.158 2.903 3.42314 3.42312
3 1.5 2.905 2.672 2.691 2.474 4.76521 4.76518
4 2 2.475 2.277 2.293 2.108 5.90884 5.90882
5 2.5 2.109 1.940 1.954 1.797 6.88339 6.88336
6 3 1.797 1.654 1.665 1.531 7.71384 7.71381
7 3.5 1.532 1.409 1.419 1.305 8.42150 8.42147
8 4 1.305 1.201 1.209 1.112 9.02453 9.02451
9 4.5 1.112 1.023 1.030 0.947 9.53840 9.53838
10 5 0.948 0.872 0.878 0.807 9.97629 9.97627
11 5.5 0.808 0.743 0.748 0.688 10.34944 10.34942
12 6 0.688 0.633 0.638 0.586 10.66741 10.66739
13 6.5 0.586 0.540 0.543 0.500 10.93837 10.93835
14 7 0.500 0.460 0.463 0.426 11.16927 11.16925
15 7.5 0.426 0.392 0.394 0.363 11.36603 11.36601
16 8 0.363 0.334 0.336 0.309 11.53369 11.53368
17 8.5 0.309 0.284 0.286 0.263 11.67657 11.67655
18 9 0.264 0.242 0.244 0.224 11.79832 11.79830
19 9.5 0.225 0.207 0.208 0.191 11.90206 11.90205
20 10 0.191 0.176 0.177 0.163 11.99047 11.99046

Las siguientes EDO son multivariables por lo cual se tendrán que considerar las
pendientes de las otras variables además de la variable principal:
Para CB1: CB1(0) = 0
−1
K 1 (CB )=f 2 (CA ;CB 1( 0))
= ∗0+0.12∗0=0.000
1 1( 0 )
5
K 2 (CB )=f K 1(CA )∗h K 1(CB )∗h
=0.120
1
(
2 CA 1 (0) +
2
1
;CB 1( 0)
2
1

)
K 3 (CB )=f K 2(CA )∗h
=0.104
h
1
(
2 CA 1 (0) +
2
1
; CB2 (0) K 2 CB ¿ ¿ ¿
1
2 )
K 4 (CB )=f 2( CA
1 1 (0 ) + K 3( CA )∗h ;CB 1( 0) K 3(CB )∗h )
=0.212
1 1

( K 1 (CB ) +2∗K 2(CB ) +2∗K 3(CB ) + K 4 (CB ) )∗h

CA 1 (1) =CA 1(1) + 1 1 1 1
=0.05506
6

2
 i t (min) K1 K2 K3 K4 CB1 (real) CB1 (RK)
0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000
1 0.5 0.000 0.120 0.104 0.212 0.05511 0.05506
2 1 0.211 0.302 0.290 0.371 0.20236 0.20226
3 1.5 0.370 0.439 0.429 0.489 0.41858 0.41845
4 2 0.488 0.538 0.530 0.573 0.68493 0.68478
5 2.5 0.572 0.607 0.600 0.629 0.98620 0.98602
6 3 0.629 0.651 0.646 0.664 1.31014 1.30995
7 3.5 0.664 0.676 0.672 0.682 1.64700 1.64681
8 4 0.681 0.686 0.683 0.685 1.98910 1.98891
9 4.5 0.685 0.684 0.682 0.679 2.33042 2.33022
10 5 0.679 0.673 0.671 0.664 2.66633 2.66614
11 5.5 0.664 0.655 0.653 0.643 2.99334 2.99316
12 6 0.643 0.632 0.631 0.618 3.30890 3.30872
13 6.5 0.618 0.605 0.604 0.591 3.61118 3.61101
14 7 0.590 0.576 0.575 0.561 3.89897 3.89880
15 7.5 0.561 0.545 0.545 0.530 4.17154 4.17138
16 8 0.530 0.514 0.514 0.498 4.42853 4.42839
17 8.5 0.498 0.483 0.483 0.467 4.66991 4.66977
18 9 0.467 0.452 0.452 0.437 4.89584 4.89571
19 9.5 0.437 0.422 0.422 0.407 5.10669 5.10657
20 10 0.407 0.392 0.393 0.378 5.30294 5.30283

Para CA2: CA2(0) = 0

1
K 1 (CA )=f 3 ( CA ; CA2 (0) )
= ( 0−0 ) −0.12∗0=0.000
2 1 (0 )
5
K 2 (CA )=f K 1(CA )∗h K 1 (CA )∗h
=0.200
2
(
3 CA1 (0 )+
2
1
;CA 2(0 )
2
2

)
K 3 (CA ) =f K 2(CA )∗h K 2(CA )∗h
=0.168
2
(
3 CA1 (0 )+
2
1
;CA 2(0 )
2
2

)
K 4 (CA )=f 3 (CA
2 1 ( 0) +K 3 (CA )∗h; CA2 (0) K 3 (CA )∗h )
=0.344
1 2

( K 1 (CA ) +2∗K 2(CA ) +2∗K 3 (CA ) + K 4 (CA ) )∗h

CA 1 (1) =CA 1(1) + 2 2 2 2
=0.08997
6

3
 i t (min) K1 K2 K3 K4 CA2 (real) CA2 (RK)
0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000
1 0.5 0.000 0.200 0.168 0.344 0.08995 0.08997
2 1 0.341 0.484 0.459 0.583 0.32409 0.32413
3 1.5 0.581 0.680 0.660 0.744 0.65782 0.65787
4 2 0.743 0.807 0.792 0.845 1.05657 1.05662
5 2.5 0.844 0.882 0.870 0.900 1.49381 1.49387
6 3 0.899 0.917 0.908 0.920 1.94945 1.94951
7 3.5 0.919 0.922 0.916 0.914 2.40849 2.40854
8 4 0.914 0.906 0.901 0.890 2.85996 2.86001
9 4.5 0.890 0.874 0.871 0.853 3.29606 3.29611
10 5 0.853 0.832 0.830 0.808 3.71148 3.71152
11 5.5 0.808 0.783 0.782 0.757 4.10278 4.10282
12 6 0.757 0.731 0.730 0.704 4.46803 4.46806
13 6.5 0.704 0.677 0.677 0.650 4.80637 4.80639
14 7 0.650 0.623 0.623 0.596 5.11777 5.11779
15 7.5 0.596 0.570 0.570 0.544 5.40280 5.40282
16 8 0.544 0.519 0.519 0.495 5.66246 5.66248
17 8.5 0.495 0.471 0.471 0.448 5.89801 5.89803
18 9 0.448 0.425 0.426 0.404 6.11092 6.11092
19 9.5 0.404 0.383 0.384 0.364 6.30271 6.30272
20 10 0.364 0.344 0.345 0.326 6.47499 6.47500

Para CB2: CB2(0) = 0

1
K 1 (CB )=f 4 ( CB ; CA2 (0) ; CB2(0 ))
= ( 0−0 ) +0.12∗0=0.000
2 1 (0 )
5
K 2 (CB )=f K 1(CB )∗h K 1 (CA )∗h K 1( CB )∗h
=0.000
2
(
4 CB1 (0 )+
2
1
;CA2 (0 )
2
2
;CB 2( 0)
2
2

)
K 3 (CB )=f K 1(CB )∗h K 1(CA )∗h K 1( CB )∗h
=0.012
2
(
4 CB 1(0 )+
2
;CA 2(0 )
1

2
;CB 2( 0)
2

2
2

)
K 4 (CB )=f 4 (CB
2 1 ( 0) +K 1(CB )∗h ;CA 2 (0) K 1 (CA ∗h ;CB 2(0 ) K 1(CB )∗h )
=0.019
1 )
2 2

( K 1 (CB ) +2∗K 2(CB ) +2∗K 3(CB ) + K 4 (CB ) )∗h

CA 1 (1) =CA 1(1) + 2 2 2 2
=0.00361
6

4
 i t (min) K1 K2 K3 K4 CB2 (real) CB2 (RK)
0 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00000 0.00000
1 0.5 0.000 0.000 0.012 0.019 0.00363 0.00361
2 1 0.021 0.041 0.049 0.073 0.02638 0.02634
3 1.5 0.074 0.106 0.111 0.145 0.08093 0.08087
4 2 0.146 0.186 0.188 0.228 0.17450 0.17443
5 2.5 0.229 0.271 0.272 0.314 0.31031 0.31023
6 3 0.314 0.357 0.357 0.398 0.48863 0.48854
7 3.5 0.398 0.439 0.438 0.477 0.70768 0.70758
8 4 0.477 0.514 0.513 0.548 0.96428 0.96417
9 4.5 0.548 0.582 0.580 0.611 1.25438 1.25426
10 5 0.611 0.640 0.637 0.664 1.57345 1.57333
11 5.5 0.664 0.688 0.686 0.708 1.91675 1.91662
12 6 0.708 0.727 0.725 0.742 2.27955 2.27941
13 6.5 0.742 0.757 0.755 0.768 2.65730 2.65716
14 7 0.768 0.778 0.776 0.785 3.04571 3.04557
15 7.5 0.785 0.791 0.790 0.795 3.44083 3.44068
16 8 0.794 0.798 0.796 0.797 3.83906 3.83892
17 8.5 0.797 0.797 0.796 0.794 4.23722 4.23708
18 9 0.794 0.791 0.790 0.786 4.63249 4.63235
19 9.5 0.786 0.781 0.780 0.773 5.02245 5.02231
20 10 0.773 0.766 0.765 0.757 5.40503 5.40490