Soluciones Al Problema Del Proceso Iterativo (Circularidad) para Determinar El WACC Cuando Los Flujos Son Finitos y Variables
Soluciones Al Problema Del Proceso Iterativo (Circularidad) para Determinar El WACC Cuando Los Flujos Son Finitos y Variables
Soluciones Al Problema Del Proceso Iterativo (Circularidad) para Determinar El WACC Cuando Los Flujos Son Finitos y Variables
Ernesto Guevara
Luis Chávez-Bedoya, PhD
Abril 2023
Outline
Motivación
Objetivos
Metodologı́a
Ecuaciones fundamentales
Fórmula explı́cita para el WACC
Equivalencia entre WACC y VPA
Conclusiones
Motivación
Motivación
Dt−1 V AI
Ket = Kut + (Kut − Kdt ) × − (Kut − Xt ) × t−1 (5)
Et−1 Et−1
Fórmula general para Ket
Dt−1 V AI
Ket = Kut + (Kut − Kdt ) × − (Kut − Xt ) × t−1 (5)
Et−1 Et−1
D
Ke = Ku + × (Ku − Kd) × (1 − T )
E
que corresponde a la fórmula de Modigliani y Miller (1963)
Fórmula explı́cita para el WACC
Et−1 Dt−1
WACCt = × Ket + × Kdt × (1 − T ) (7)
Vt−1 Vt−1
Et−1 Dt−1
WACCt = × Ket + × Kdt × (1 − T ) (7)
Vt−1 Vt−1
AI + AI + V + FCL
(Kut − Xt ) × Vt−1 t t t
Vt−1 =
1 + Kut
Fórmula explı́cita para el WACC
AI + AI + V + FCL
(Kut − Xt ) × Vt−1 t t t
Vt−1 =
1 + Kut
Las fórmulas anteriores aparecen en Mejı́a y Vélez Pareja (2011)
Equivalencia entre WACC y VPA
U AIt + VtAI
Vt−1 = Vt−1 +
1 + Xt
U AI
= Vt−1 + Vt−1
Equivalencia entre WACC y VPA
U AIt + VtAI
Vt−1 = Vt−1 + (8)
1+X
| {z t }
| {z } | {z }
VP apalancado VP sin apalancar
VP escudos fiscales
Equivalencia entre WACC y VPA
U AIt + VtAI
Vt−1 = Vt−1 + (8)
1+X
| {z t }
| {z } | {z }
VP apalancado VP sin apalancar
VP escudos fiscales
La fórmula del VPA ha sido derivada a partir del valor del negocio
en t − 1, i.e., tal resultado se ha demostrado a partir de la fórmula
explı́cita del WACCt dada por Mejı́a y Vélez Pareja (2011)
Equivalencia entre WACC y VPA
U AIt + VtAI
Vt−1 = Vt−1 + (8)
1+X
| {z t }
| {z } | {z }
VP apalancado VP sin apalancar
VP escudos fiscales
La fórmula del VPA ha sido derivada a partir del valor del negocio
en t − 1, i.e., tal resultado se ha demostrado a partir de la fórmula
explı́cita del WACCt dada por Mejı́a y Vélez Pareja (2011)
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
Aplicación - Ahorros impositivos
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
Aplicación - Ahorros impositivos
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
Aplicación - WACC
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
Aplicación - WACC
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
Aplicación - WACC
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
Finalmente, V0 es igual a:
FCL1 + V1 10, 600.00 + 37, 212.78
V0 = = = 42, 272.61
1 + WACC1 1 + 13.11%
Aplicación - VPA
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
U
V 41,398.49 36,594.28 30,917.48 24,245.92 16,140.35 0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5
FCL 10,600.00 10,800.00 11,000.00 11,500.00 18,400.00
D 21,000.00 17,275.00 13,326.00 9,140.00 4,703.00 0.00
AI 378.00 310.95 239.87 164.52 84.65
V AI 874.12 618.50 394.14 209.45 74.26 0.00
V 42,272.61 37,212.78 31,311.62 24,455.38 16,214.61 0.00
WACC 13.11% 13.16% 13.23% 13.33% 13.48%
U
V 41,398.49 36,594.28 30,917.48 24,245.92 16,140.35 0.00