Brasilgo udalerri
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Brasilgo udalerriak (portugesez: Município) Brasilgo estatuen administrazio-dibisioak dira. Gaur egun, Brasilek 5.568 udalerri ditu, eta, beraz, udalerriko batez besteko biztanleria 34.361 da.[1] Batez beste, Brasilgo estatu batek 214 udalerri ditu. Roraima da zatiketa gutxien dituen estatua, 15 udalerrirekin; Minas Gerais, berriz, estatu zatituena da, 853 udalerrirekin. Barruti Federala ezin da udalerritan banatu; horregatik, bere lurraldea eskualde administratibo batzuek osatzen dute. Barruti Federaleko gobernuak zuzenean administratzen ditu eskualde horiek. Gobernuak estatuen eta udalerrien eskumen konstituzional eta legalak ditu, eta, aldi berean, haien ondoriozko betebehar guztiak bere gain hartzen ditu.[2]
1988ko Brasilgo Konstituzioak udalerriak Federazioaren zati gisa hartzen ditu, eta ez soilik estatuen azpizati gisa. Udalerri bakoitzak tokiko gobernu autonomo bat du, eta berau osatzen dute alkateak (herriak lau urterako zuzenean aukeratua), eta organo legegile batek (Udal Ganbera, herriak ere zuzenean hautatua). Hauteskunde hauek aldi berean izaten dira herrialde osoan, adibidez, 2012ko urriaren 7an egin ziren. Udalerri bakoitzak bere legeak onartzeko eta zergak biltzeko ahalmen konstituzionala du, eta gobernu federalaren eta estatalaren funtsak ere jasotzen ditu.[2][3] Hala ere, udal-gobernuek ez dute botere judizialik, eta estatu-mailan edo maila federalean baino ez daude antolatuta auzitegiak. Estatuaren, edo eskualdearen, botere judizialaren azpizatiketa bat banakako udalerri bati dagokio edo zenbait udalerriri.
Udal administrazioaren egoitzari hiri deitzen zaio, biztanleriari, arloari edo instalazioei buruzko legea kontuan hartu gabe. Hiriak udalerriaren izen bera du. Udalerriak, administrazio-xedeetarako soilik, barrutitan bana daitezke (normalean, udalerri berriak barruti horietatik sortzen dira). Beste toki batzuk herriak dira, baina ez dute inolako legezko edo erregelamenduzko eraginik.
Udalerriak zatitu edo fusionatu egin daitezke Estatuaren mugen barruan udalerri berriak sortzeko, baldin eta tartean diren udalerrietako jendeak plebiszitu batean hori egiteko nahia adierazten badu.[2] Hala ere, horiek Konstituzio Federala bete behar dute, eta berariaz debekatuta dago Estatuaren barrendegirik eratzea edo estatutik sezesioa egitea beste batekin bat egiteko.[2]
Udalerriak
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Erreferentziak
[aldatu | aldatu iturburu kodea]- ↑ Brasil. Dados gerais. 2021.
- ↑ a b c d Brazilian Federal Constitution. Presidency of the Republic.
- ↑ Brazilian Federal Constitution. v-brazil.com.
- ↑ Txantiloi:Cita web