Papers by Louisa J . M . Jansen
Sustainability, 2023
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative... more This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
Sustainability, 2020
Tenure governance is a complex and multi-dimensional issue that requires cross-sectoral and holis... more Tenure governance is a complex and multi-dimensional issue that requires cross-sectoral and holistic approaches, gathering the resources, information and expert skills of a variety of actors while exploring innovative, polycentric multi-stakeholder governance arrangements to address collective action challenges. To do this, multi-stakeholder partnerships are formed where public and private partners pool their resources and competencies to address mutual goals more effectively. A coherent theoretical framework to analyze multi-stakeholder partnerships as part of multi-stakeholder governance is presented based on internal conditions and the external environment. The paper expands existing frameworks to analyze multi-stakeholder partnerships through introducing a new element the deliberative capacity, a decisive success factor for the effectiveness of multi-stakeholder partnerships for multi-stakeholder transformative governance at the national level. Moreover, the practical applicability of this expanded framework is illustrated in a real case example in South Africa. This country-driven, inclusive multi-stakeholder partnership process, which integrates a variety of actors in collective decision-making on the land reform process as part of a multi-stakeholder governance process, is used as an illustration of the above framework. Such a partnership linked to multi-stakeholder governance is the key instrument to attain agreement and recognition for the dedicated implementation and monitoring of the 'Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security' (VGGT). The investment made by the different stakeholders in this organically constituted partnership may add to a greater transformative potential in the VGGT implementation and monitoring process, and the probability that the situation on the ground will change sustainably given the explicit linkage to national governance arrangements.
Sustainability, 2020
The dynamics of current global challenges-like food and nutrition security, environmental degrada... more The dynamics of current global challenges-like food and nutrition security, environmental degradation, climate change, and emergencies-reduce the availability of and/or access to natural resources, and thereby underline the urgency of achieving transformational changes in the governance of tenure. This is increasingly required to bring the greatest good to the most people, in line with human rights. The globally applicable "Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security" (VGGT) were developed to promote responsible tenure governance. The importance of instituting effective monitoring for the implementation of the VGGT at the country level in order to ensure that they have an impact on the ground is well accepted. However, little progress has been made to date. This paper explores plural perspectives on monitoring by the different stakeholders involved because of the multi-dimensional nature of the VGGT implementation, and because tenure governance is a complex system. Allowing space for multiple views means leaving no one's view behind. It is proposed to map the multiple pathways of change to achieve responsible tenure governance in a causal framework using the concept of theories of change. A pluralistic approach will entail different theories of change operating simultaneously, which will provide an inclusive and comprehensive tool for monitoring by showing the preferred pathways of progress on the ground, and by contributing to future trajectories.
In Romania, the government's objective of development of the rural economy and increase of agricu... more In Romania, the government's objective of development of the rural economy and increase of agricultural productivity has not been capitalised to date. The 1991 land reform redrew the landscape of decision making by empowering lower rather than higher-level authorities to implement the law and it shaped the options for future development. It led, on the one hand, to the creation of a very large group of elder (semi-) subsistence farmers that is important by their number, the area they farm, the lack of additional financing sources they may access and the level of poverty they experience. On the other hand, the pre land reform bimodal production system was continued: the (semi-) subsistence farms coexist with few large farms. All these farmers have found solutions to the problems of fragmentation of farms and land using informal approaches where formal ones were impractical. However, a long-term solution for the creation of competitive agriculture needs to enable the transfer of s...
The recognition of customary tenure systems and responsible land-based investments that safeguard... more The recognition of customary tenure systems and responsible land-based investments that safeguard legitimate tenure rights and right holders are the interconnected main themes for mainstreaming the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (VGGT) in Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar and Viet Nam. This study aims at providing an assessment of the legal frameworks in the four countries to analyse whether safeguards for legitimate tenure rights and tenure right holders can be identified in legal provisions applicable to decisions related to land-based investments in agriculture. The
assessment also aims at informing and supporting ongoing processes of policy and legal reform in the four countries, as well as the work of organizations that provide support to these processes.
Harmonisation of land-use class sets should consider both space and time, as the objective should... more Harmonisation of land-use class sets should consider both space and time, as the objective should include harmonisation of land-use change in order to analyse environmental processes and problems. Existing systems make only a limited contribution to data harmonisation and data standardisation as they contain many inconsistencies in the adherence to the fundamental principles of classification and use a variety of
International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 2004
This glossary comprises terminology and definitions related to integrated natural resources plann... more This glossary comprises terminology and definitions related to integrated natural resources planning and management. Different definitions are provided if such are used by different sectors to enhance mutual understanding.
Programmes for the mapping and monitoring of natural areas generally encounter, sooner or later, ... more Programmes for the mapping and monitoring of natural areas generally encounter, sooner or later, the following methodological questions: “what classes shall we use to map / monitor our natural areas?” and “how do the classes used to map / monitor natural areas in country (or study) X relate to those used in country (or study) Y?”. This paper explores, in a generic context, some of the issues involved in answering the above questions. It focuses upon the solutions provided through the implementation of a standardised, classifier-based classification system for legend generation. This is illustrated by the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) that has been developed and adopted by the FAO/UNEP Africover project. Results are presented from use of the LCCS for analysis and comparison of five Nordic land cover related class sets.
Despite the demand for environment and natural resources information, many existing maps and digi... more Despite the demand for environment and natural resources information, many existing maps and digital databases do not meet multi-user requirements. One of the main causes, though underestimated, is the type of classification or legend used to describe basic information such as land cover. Classifications and legends are generally not comparable with one another and, very often, are single project-oriented or take a narrow sectoral approach. Despite the fact that there are many classification systems existent throughout the world, there is no single internationally accepted land cover classification system. FAO has developed a new universally applicable Land Cover Classification System, within the framework of the Africover Program, to meet specific user-requirements and created for mapping exercises, independent of the scale or means used to map. The classification uses a set of independent diagnostic criteria that allow correlation with existing classifications and legends so this ...
La méthode de cartographie proposée a été mise au point pour la section de la planification de l'... more La méthode de cartographie proposée a été mise au point pour la section de la planification de l'utilisation des terres au Ministère de l'agriculture et des coopératives au Swaziland dans le cadre du projet FAO/PNUD/Gouvernement du Swaziland SWA/89/001 'Land Use Planning for Rational Utilization of Land and Water Resources'. L'objectif de cette méthode est de fournir une base, dans le cadre de l'utilisation des terres, pour l'évaluation du degré de dégradation et d'érosion actuelle des sols au Swaziland. Une pression démographique accrue sur des ressources naturelles limitées requiert une répartition équilibrée entre les secteurs agricoles et les installations urbaines. Dans la situation actuelle il est impératif de limiter, voire de diminuer la dégradation des ressources en sols. La présente méthode est centrée sur la description des phénomènes d'érosion dans le paysage ; elle se base sur des observations détaillées. Une ou plusieurs observatio...
Land cover data are a valuable source of information to assess the natural resources in a country... more Land cover data are a valuable source of information to assess the natural resources in a country and as a basis for environmental planning. Interpretation of satellite imagery provides a tool to quickly gain an overview over a large area. Analyses of resulting data land cover should be based upon a sound examination of the data quality and the classes represented in order to analyse future trajectories. In the context of natural resources management and food security, a study was undertaken using the FAO/UNEP “Land Cover Classification System” (LCCS) that provides not only a method for classification but also a systematic procedure for the comparison of classes and a functional ordering of classes that facilitates land cover change analysis. The changes that occur are grouped into land cover modifications and conversions in order to examine the trends per class and per land cover domain. In this case study the results are presented of the land cover change analysis, carried out uti...
Despite the high demand for environment and natural resources information, many existing maps and... more Despite the high demand for environment and natural resources information, many existing maps and digital databases are not specifically developed to meet the various user requirements. One of the main causes, though generally underestimated, is the type of classification or legend used to describe basic information such as land cover and land use. Many of the existing classifications are generally not comparable with one another and are very often single project oriented or taking a sectoral approach. Though many classification systems exist throughout the world, there is no single internationally accepted land cover or land use classification system. The FAO developed a new Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) to try to address this situation. This system is a comprehensive standardized a-priori classification system, designed to meet specific user requirements and to assure a high geographic accuracy. The classification takes a parametric approach and uses a set of well-define...
Mapping and monitoring of land cover contributes to a better understanding of the environment and... more Mapping and monitoring of land cover contributes to a better understanding of the environment and its dynamics. Increasingly remote sensing is used as tool to collect such land cover data. In order to be able to integrate and harmonise data on regional and global scales harmonisation of approaches and standardisation of methodologies is needed. The proposed establishment of a Global Land Cover Network would play a key role in the strategies to be followed for harmonisation and standardisation. FAO and UNEP organised an Expert Consultation to draw on the collective knowledge of the participants for advice on the development of an operational strategy for the proposed network. Furthermore, a contribution to the increased awareness to the Land Cover Classification System was made as the methodology with the potential of becoming the referential standard: it provides a neutral terminology, is flexible and can be used as a system to bridge between existing nomenclatures.
The peri-urban zone of Dakar and its satellite villages increasingly suffer from the impact of de... more The peri-urban zone of Dakar and its satellite villages increasingly suffer from the impact of demographic pressure. The agricultural production in this region makes a major contribution to the food security situation but with the expected population growth this production should be further intensified or the cultivated surface should drastically increase to continue to secure food demands. Better knowledge of the types and location of (peri-) urban agriculture and how these evolved with time may support further improvements in production and better preservation of these areas. In this context within the ‘Projet de formation en gestion des ressources naturelles et sécurité alimentaire’ executed by the Centre de suivi écologique (CSE) and the Istituto Agronomico per l’Oltremare (IAO)1, a land-cover change study was executed for the period 1978-1999. The study shows that the main land-cover changes involved extension of artificial surfaces (e.g., urbanisation), conversion of (semi-) n...
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Papers by Louisa J . M . Jansen
assessment also aims at informing and supporting ongoing processes of policy and legal reform in the four countries, as well as the work of organizations that provide support to these processes.
assessment also aims at informing and supporting ongoing processes of policy and legal reform in the four countries, as well as the work of organizations that provide support to these processes.
Almost all farmers indicated that selling land would be the last resort because they see land as part of their socio-cultural identity and livelihoods, and something to pass on to the next generation. This is in line with the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security, which acknowledge that land has "social, cultural, spiritual, economic, environmental and political value". All farmers were deeply concerned that if the economic downturn persists, they might be forced to sell this highly prized asset.
Immediate and longer-term interventions are needed in order to stop the downward spiral. Short-term interventions need to channel material aid to the poorest households, government could prioritise the expansion of low-cost productive agricultural loans and address the rising cost of farm inputs, as well as assist by subsidizing the cost of key farming inputs. Longer-term responses include education, both in the form of education of households, as well as education to enhance job opportunities for the next generation.