This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration... more This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration and implementation of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Benin, with a focus on the case of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières”. By analyzing the historical background of forest management systems in Benin, we highlighted two major turning points. The first relates to the creation and autocratic management of protected forests, which took place from 1940 to 1990. The second change took place after the Rio conference in 1992, and this emphasized the importance of local communities in natural resources management. Moreover, the results of our strategic analysis of stakeholders involved in the specific case of Participatory Forest Management Plan (PFMP) of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières” showed that it is important to emphasize on active community participation while designing a participatory management plan and for decision making at the implementation stage. We also observed that alliances between foresters and timber loggers are likely to hinder the achievement of the PFM objectives.
Achieving food security remains a pressing challenge for small-scale farmers, especially in sub-S... more Achieving food security remains a pressing challenge for small-scale farmers, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Ongoing climate change, invasive noxious weeds, and crop pests further exacerbate the situation. Optimizing traditional cropping systems for sustainable yields and climate-resilient production is imperative in order to address this challenge. The pre-Columbian milpa system of intercropping maize with companion crops such as beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and squash (Cucurbita spp.) is one effective system that has been shown to produce outstanding yields per unit area compared to monoculture systems. The Push-Pull Technology developed in East Africa, based on the use of repellent and trap companion plants intercropped with maize (and to a lesser extent sorghum), is seen to be similarly effective in minimizing the impact of major pests on yields, including striga weed (Striga spp.), maize stemborers, and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Although both...
Changing environmental conditions often impose stressful growing conditions in plant communities.... more Changing environmental conditions often impose stressful growing conditions in plant communities. Until now, morphological plasticity, i.e. polymorphic growth physiognomies of plants, has not been sufficiently studied as a pivotal strategy for the whole ecosystem adaptation to environmental stress. We consider mangrove ecosystems as suitable models to provide insights on this subject. In the thesis, I investigate the ecological significance of tree morphological plasticity in the structural development and the dynamics of mangrove forests. I conducted field experiments in two regions located on both sides of the Amazon River mouths i.e. in French Guiana and North Brazil. Forest inventories were carried out in contrasting mangrove stands in both regions. The thesis combines empirical analysis of field data, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and mechanistic, individual-based computer simulations. We published results that proved the TLS-based analysis of individual tree structure usef...
Changing environmental conditions often impose stressful growing conditions in plant communities.... more Changing environmental conditions often impose stressful growing conditions in plant communities. Until now, morphological plasticity, i.e. polymorphic growth physiognomies of plants, has not been sufficiently studied as a pivotal strategy for the whole ecosystem adaptation to environmental stress. We consider mangrove ecosystems as suitable models to provide insights on this subject. In the thesis, I investigate the ecological significance of tree morphological plasticity in the structural development and the dynamics of mangrove forests. I conducted field experiments in two regions located on both sides of the Amazon River mouths i.e. in French Guiana and North Brazil. Forest inventories were carried out in contrasting mangrove stands in both regions. The thesis combines empirical analysis of field data, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and mechanistic, individual-based computer simulations. We published results that proved the TLS-based analysis of individual tree structure usef...
The efficacies of some indigenous herbal dyes for use in
staining plant materials were examined ... more The efficacies of some indigenous herbal dyes for use in
staining plant materials were examined to obtain non-toxic, eco-friendly
and cheap stains for use in plant histology. Dye extracts from Bixa
orellana, Curcuma domestica, Lonchocarpus cyanescens and Pterocarpus
osun were used to stain wood sections using the existing standard
staining procedures with little modification. All the extracts had affinity
for the fibre and vessel elements except the extract from L. cyanescens.
The extracts from C. domestica and B. orellana had higher selectivity
than those of P. osun for fibre. From the results of the absorbance curves,
each of the dye extracts from all speciese had minimum of two peaks,
indicating that they had two or more colour imparting chromophores
except dye extract from C. domestica. All the dye extracts were acidic
with pH range of 3.77 to 6.77. Therefore, this study shows that dye extracts
from B. orellana, C. domestica and P. osun could be solitarily or in
combination with artificial dyes for plant histological staining.
Keywords: herbal dyes; indigenous herbs; ecofriendly stains; histological
staining; wood sections
This study was carried out to examine the efficacy of Strict Nature Reserves (SNR) as a means of ... more This study was carried out to examine the efficacy of Strict Nature Reserves (SNR) as a means of biodiversity conservation. This was achieved by assessing the status of the forest in terms of tree species diversity, abundance and growth yield. Data were collected from four plots of one hectare size each, randomly located in the forest. In each plot, all tree species (dbh ≥ 10 cm) were identified and their height, diameter at breast height (dbh) and diameters at the top, middle and base were measured. There were 387 stems ha-1, belonging to 94 tropical hardwood species, 80 genera and 30 families in the SNR. The most abundant species and family were Celtis zenkeri of Ulmaceae family (41 stems ha-1) and Sterculiaceae (10 species), respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index (3.75) and evenness (0.82) and other diversity indices were very high, indicating that the forest is a potential biodiversity hotspot. The indices compared favourably with several protected areas that are biodiversity ho...
Marine ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented degradation rates higher than any other ecosyste... more Marine ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented degradation rates higher than any other ecosystem on the planet, which in some instances are up to 4 times those of rainforests. Mangrove ecosystems have especially been impacted by compounded anthropogenic pressures leading to significant cover reductions of between 35 and 50% (equivalent to 1–2% loss pa) for the last half century. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that peri-urban mangroves suffering from compounded and intense pressures may be experiencing higher degradation rates than the global mean (and/or national mean for Kenya) using Mombasa mangroves (comprising Tudor and Mwache creeks) as a case study. Stratified sampling was used to sample along 22 and 10 belt transects in Mwache and Tudor respectively, set to capture stand heterogeneity in terms of species composition and structure in addition to perceived human pressure gradients using proximity to human habitations as a proxy. We acquired SPOT (...
2015 is declared as the Mangrove Year by the CNRS-INEE (www.cnrs.fr) and the IRD (www.ird.fr), tw... more 2015 is declared as the Mangrove Year by the CNRS-INEE (www.cnrs.fr) and the IRD (www.ird.fr), two leading French research institutes on natural ecosystems. As a contribution to this initiative, we prepared the directory of persons conducting scientific works on mangroves from French research laboratories, national or local organizations and private agencies. We collated the countries of study and the fields of expertise developed by each person. PhD and post-doctoral students are also included in this database since we consider them as the people of the future. It is our strong belief that sharing the basic data of these specialists constitutes pivotal information for strengthening national and international scientific works dedicated to knowledge acquisition on mangroves ecosystems and coasts. It is the only way we have to claim the necessity of mangrove preservation worldwide. So, we hope that this directory could be linked to others built in other mangrove countries.
Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability
This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration... more This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration and implementation of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Benin, with a focus on the case of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières”. By analyzing the historical background of forest management systems in Benin, we highlighted two major turning points. The first relates to the creation and autocratic management of protected forests, which took place from 1940 to 1990. The second change took place after the Rio conference in 1992, and this emphasized the importance of local communities in natural resources management. Moreover, the results of our strategic analysis of stakeholders involved in the specific case of Participatory Forest Management Plan (PFMP) of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières” showed that it is important to emphasize on active community participation while designing a participatory management plan and for decision making at the implementation stage. We also observed that allianc...
This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration... more This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration and implementation of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Benin, with a focus on the case of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières”. By analyzing the historical background of forest management systems in Benin, we highlighted two major turning points. The first relates to the creation and autocratic management of protected forests, which took place from 1940 to 1990. The second change took place after the Rio conference in 1992, and this emphasized the importance of local communities in natural resources management. Moreover, the results of our strategic analysis of stakeholders involved in the specific case of Participatory Forest Management Plan (PFMP) of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières” showed that it is important to emphasize on active community participation while designing a participatory management plan and for decision making at the implementation stage. We also observed that alliances between foresters and timber loggers are likely to hinder the achievement of the PFM objectives.
Achieving food security remains a pressing challenge for small-scale farmers, especially in sub-S... more Achieving food security remains a pressing challenge for small-scale farmers, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Ongoing climate change, invasive noxious weeds, and crop pests further exacerbate the situation. Optimizing traditional cropping systems for sustainable yields and climate-resilient production is imperative in order to address this challenge. The pre-Columbian milpa system of intercropping maize with companion crops such as beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and squash (Cucurbita spp.) is one effective system that has been shown to produce outstanding yields per unit area compared to monoculture systems. The Push-Pull Technology developed in East Africa, based on the use of repellent and trap companion plants intercropped with maize (and to a lesser extent sorghum), is seen to be similarly effective in minimizing the impact of major pests on yields, including striga weed (Striga spp.), maize stemborers, and the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Although both...
Changing environmental conditions often impose stressful growing conditions in plant communities.... more Changing environmental conditions often impose stressful growing conditions in plant communities. Until now, morphological plasticity, i.e. polymorphic growth physiognomies of plants, has not been sufficiently studied as a pivotal strategy for the whole ecosystem adaptation to environmental stress. We consider mangrove ecosystems as suitable models to provide insights on this subject. In the thesis, I investigate the ecological significance of tree morphological plasticity in the structural development and the dynamics of mangrove forests. I conducted field experiments in two regions located on both sides of the Amazon River mouths i.e. in French Guiana and North Brazil. Forest inventories were carried out in contrasting mangrove stands in both regions. The thesis combines empirical analysis of field data, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and mechanistic, individual-based computer simulations. We published results that proved the TLS-based analysis of individual tree structure usef...
Changing environmental conditions often impose stressful growing conditions in plant communities.... more Changing environmental conditions often impose stressful growing conditions in plant communities. Until now, morphological plasticity, i.e. polymorphic growth physiognomies of plants, has not been sufficiently studied as a pivotal strategy for the whole ecosystem adaptation to environmental stress. We consider mangrove ecosystems as suitable models to provide insights on this subject. In the thesis, I investigate the ecological significance of tree morphological plasticity in the structural development and the dynamics of mangrove forests. I conducted field experiments in two regions located on both sides of the Amazon River mouths i.e. in French Guiana and North Brazil. Forest inventories were carried out in contrasting mangrove stands in both regions. The thesis combines empirical analysis of field data, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and mechanistic, individual-based computer simulations. We published results that proved the TLS-based analysis of individual tree structure usef...
The efficacies of some indigenous herbal dyes for use in
staining plant materials were examined ... more The efficacies of some indigenous herbal dyes for use in
staining plant materials were examined to obtain non-toxic, eco-friendly
and cheap stains for use in plant histology. Dye extracts from Bixa
orellana, Curcuma domestica, Lonchocarpus cyanescens and Pterocarpus
osun were used to stain wood sections using the existing standard
staining procedures with little modification. All the extracts had affinity
for the fibre and vessel elements except the extract from L. cyanescens.
The extracts from C. domestica and B. orellana had higher selectivity
than those of P. osun for fibre. From the results of the absorbance curves,
each of the dye extracts from all speciese had minimum of two peaks,
indicating that they had two or more colour imparting chromophores
except dye extract from C. domestica. All the dye extracts were acidic
with pH range of 3.77 to 6.77. Therefore, this study shows that dye extracts
from B. orellana, C. domestica and P. osun could be solitarily or in
combination with artificial dyes for plant histological staining.
Keywords: herbal dyes; indigenous herbs; ecofriendly stains; histological
staining; wood sections
This study was carried out to examine the efficacy of Strict Nature Reserves (SNR) as a means of ... more This study was carried out to examine the efficacy of Strict Nature Reserves (SNR) as a means of biodiversity conservation. This was achieved by assessing the status of the forest in terms of tree species diversity, abundance and growth yield. Data were collected from four plots of one hectare size each, randomly located in the forest. In each plot, all tree species (dbh ≥ 10 cm) were identified and their height, diameter at breast height (dbh) and diameters at the top, middle and base were measured. There were 387 stems ha-1, belonging to 94 tropical hardwood species, 80 genera and 30 families in the SNR. The most abundant species and family were Celtis zenkeri of Ulmaceae family (41 stems ha-1) and Sterculiaceae (10 species), respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index (3.75) and evenness (0.82) and other diversity indices were very high, indicating that the forest is a potential biodiversity hotspot. The indices compared favourably with several protected areas that are biodiversity ho...
Marine ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented degradation rates higher than any other ecosyste... more Marine ecosystems are experiencing unprecedented degradation rates higher than any other ecosystem on the planet, which in some instances are up to 4 times those of rainforests. Mangrove ecosystems have especially been impacted by compounded anthropogenic pressures leading to significant cover reductions of between 35 and 50% (equivalent to 1–2% loss pa) for the last half century. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that peri-urban mangroves suffering from compounded and intense pressures may be experiencing higher degradation rates than the global mean (and/or national mean for Kenya) using Mombasa mangroves (comprising Tudor and Mwache creeks) as a case study. Stratified sampling was used to sample along 22 and 10 belt transects in Mwache and Tudor respectively, set to capture stand heterogeneity in terms of species composition and structure in addition to perceived human pressure gradients using proximity to human habitations as a proxy. We acquired SPOT (...
2015 is declared as the Mangrove Year by the CNRS-INEE (www.cnrs.fr) and the IRD (www.ird.fr), tw... more 2015 is declared as the Mangrove Year by the CNRS-INEE (www.cnrs.fr) and the IRD (www.ird.fr), two leading French research institutes on natural ecosystems. As a contribution to this initiative, we prepared the directory of persons conducting scientific works on mangroves from French research laboratories, national or local organizations and private agencies. We collated the countries of study and the fields of expertise developed by each person. PhD and post-doctoral students are also included in this database since we consider them as the people of the future. It is our strong belief that sharing the basic data of these specialists constitutes pivotal information for strengthening national and international scientific works dedicated to knowledge acquisition on mangroves ecosystems and coasts. It is the only way we have to claim the necessity of mangrove preservation worldwide. So, we hope that this directory could be linked to others built in other mangrove countries.
Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability
This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration... more This chapter encompasses a literature survey and strategic analysis to understand the elaboration and implementation of Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Benin, with a focus on the case of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières”. By analyzing the historical background of forest management systems in Benin, we highlighted two major turning points. The first relates to the creation and autocratic management of protected forests, which took place from 1940 to 1990. The second change took place after the Rio conference in 1992, and this emphasized the importance of local communities in natural resources management. Moreover, the results of our strategic analysis of stakeholders involved in the specific case of Participatory Forest Management Plan (PFMP) of the “Forêt des Trois Rivières” showed that it is important to emphasize on active community participation while designing a participatory management plan and for decision making at the implementation stage. We also observed that allianc...
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Papers by Adewole Olagoke
staining plant materials were examined to obtain non-toxic, eco-friendly
and cheap stains for use in plant histology. Dye extracts from Bixa
orellana, Curcuma domestica, Lonchocarpus cyanescens and Pterocarpus
osun were used to stain wood sections using the existing standard
staining procedures with little modification. All the extracts had affinity
for the fibre and vessel elements except the extract from L. cyanescens.
The extracts from C. domestica and B. orellana had higher selectivity
than those of P. osun for fibre. From the results of the absorbance curves,
each of the dye extracts from all speciese had minimum of two peaks,
indicating that they had two or more colour imparting chromophores
except dye extract from C. domestica. All the dye extracts were acidic
with pH range of 3.77 to 6.77. Therefore, this study shows that dye extracts
from B. orellana, C. domestica and P. osun could be solitarily or in
combination with artificial dyes for plant histological staining.
Keywords: herbal dyes; indigenous herbs; ecofriendly stains; histological
staining; wood sections
staining plant materials were examined to obtain non-toxic, eco-friendly
and cheap stains for use in plant histology. Dye extracts from Bixa
orellana, Curcuma domestica, Lonchocarpus cyanescens and Pterocarpus
osun were used to stain wood sections using the existing standard
staining procedures with little modification. All the extracts had affinity
for the fibre and vessel elements except the extract from L. cyanescens.
The extracts from C. domestica and B. orellana had higher selectivity
than those of P. osun for fibre. From the results of the absorbance curves,
each of the dye extracts from all speciese had minimum of two peaks,
indicating that they had two or more colour imparting chromophores
except dye extract from C. domestica. All the dye extracts were acidic
with pH range of 3.77 to 6.77. Therefore, this study shows that dye extracts
from B. orellana, C. domestica and P. osun could be solitarily or in
combination with artificial dyes for plant histological staining.
Keywords: herbal dyes; indigenous herbs; ecofriendly stains; histological
staining; wood sections