Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2009
The article reviews main theoretical and empirical approaches to intergroup emotions. Intergroup ... more The article reviews main theoretical and empirical approaches to intergroup emotions. Intergroup Emotions Theory and the Theory of Subjective Essentialism are discussed, as well as the results of research on intergroup emotions and prejudice, intergroup fear, guilt, anger and gloating. The question is raised about the discussion areas in studying the intergroup emotions.
What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? T... more What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents...
Abstract Prevention efforts for child sexual abuse (CSA) have focused on programming for children... more Abstract Prevention efforts for child sexual abuse (CSA) have focused on programming for children through schools while few parent-based programs are available in the community. Research over the past few decades show that parents lack access to such programs and aren't actively discussing CSA concepts with their children and continue to possess incorrect knowledge about risks. This study aims to analyze parents’ attitudes toward CSA, and their engagement in discussions about CSA with children. Three hundred and two parents completed an online survey. This study employed a concurrent mixed methods research design. Descriptive data analysis focused on exploring the relationships between socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about sexual abuse prevention, and communication about sexual abuse prevention. Qualitative analysis focused on exploring parents’ needs in the context of CSA prevention education. While parents engaged in such discussions, they still desired more information from trusted sources and needed developmentally appropriate materials. Parents reported the need for education through courses, trainings, and/or support groups. The prevention concepts parents talked to their children about differed based on the gender of the child, as well as the marital status of the parent. Single parents discussed less CSA concepts than married. White/Non-Latinx parents were more educated about sexual abuse compared to Latinx parents and talked to their children more about prevention concepts. Parents also discussed CSA with girls more compared to boys.
Abstract Prevention efforts for child sexual abuse (CSA) have focused on programming for children... more Abstract Prevention efforts for child sexual abuse (CSA) have focused on programming for children through schools while few parent-based programs are available in the community. Research over the past few decades show that parents lack access to such programs and aren't actively discussing CSA concepts with their children and continue to possess incorrect knowledge about risks. This study aims to analyze parents’ attitudes toward CSA, and their engagement in discussions about CSA with children. Three hundred and two parents completed an online survey. This study employed a concurrent mixed methods research design. Descriptive data analysis focused on exploring the relationships between socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about sexual abuse prevention, and communication about sexual abuse prevention. Qualitative analysis focused on exploring parents’ needs in the context of CSA prevention education. While parents engaged in such discussions, they still desired more information from trusted sources and needed developmentally appropriate materials. Parents reported the need for education through courses, trainings, and/or support groups. The prevention concepts parents talked to their children about differed based on the gender of the child, as well as the marital status of the parent. Single parents discussed less CSA concepts than married. White/Non-Latinx parents were more educated about sexual abuse compared to Latinx parents and talked to their children more about prevention concepts. Parents also discussed CSA with girls more compared to boys.
In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequali... more In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individ...
Aim/Purpose: Multiple emotional and cognitive resources are needed for graduate students to overc... more Aim/Purpose: Multiple emotional and cognitive resources are needed for graduate students to overcome stress associated with balancing studies and personal life. This research aimed to explore the difficulties, which graduate student-mothers face while balancing school and parenting, and describe mechanisms of the balancing process. Background: Graduate student-mothers need to structure their time so that they can equally distribute their energy between their children and graduate school work. Mothers face challenges in balancing graduate school and parenting, making choices between school and family responsibilities. This paper addresses the perceptions and experiences of graduate student-mothers who navigate coping with multiple role responsibilities. Methodology: Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with eight graduate student-mothers who studied at a research-intensive university. Thematic analysis was used to explore the process of balancing graduate school and mothe...
Competency-based training and professional development is critical to the clinical research enter... more Competency-based training and professional development is critical to the clinical research enterprise. Understanding research coordinators’ perspectives is important for establishing a common core curriculum. The purpose of this study was to describe participants’ perspectives regarding the impact of online and classroom training sessions. 27 participants among three institutions, completed a two-day classroom training session. 10 novice and seven experienced research coordinators participated in focus group interviews. Grounded theory revealed similarities in novice and experienced coordinator themes including Identifying Preferences for Instruction and Changing Self Perceptions. Differences, seen in experienced participants, focused on personal change, in the theme of Re-Assessing Skills. Infrastructure and cultural issues were evident in their theme, Promoting Leadership and Advocacy. Novice participants recommended ways to improve training via their theme of Making Programmatic...
Providing school-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention programs ensures that the majority of ... more Providing school-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention programs ensures that the majority of children will participate in programming. Since many parents may feel ill equipped to have such discussions with their children, programs offered in education settings can bring awareness to this issue. A sample of mothers (N = 268) from across the United States completed an online survey related to their experiences with and attitudes toward school-based CSA prevention programs. Most mothers (70%) had no exposure to prevention programs during their childhood, but the majority (95%) had a positive attitude toward programming for their children. Most mothers believed that offering CSA prevention in schools was important and could provide a safety net. Mothers desired programming that was age appropriate, involved parents and was activity based. These results can help inform schools’ prevention programming.
Providing educational programs designed to promote clinical research coordinators' (CRCs'... more Providing educational programs designed to promote clinical research coordinators' (CRCs') implementation of competency skills is essential to workforce development; however, little is known about how programs address CRCs' needs. The purpose of this study was to assess CRCs' experiences in a six-month course. Using focus group methods, six participants revealed how the training assisted them in daily work. The findings supported previous study results, and led to the identification of two competencies which are missing from the existing Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency framework domains of "Communication and Teamwork" and "Leadership and Professionalism." The authors explain why these competencies are important for coordinators. The authors also discuss the instrumentality of qualitative research to ensure that competency domains reflect the needs of those for whom they are developed.
Intensive parenting attitudes describe parents' views on child-rearing. Currently, Intensive ... more Intensive parenting attitudes describe parents' views on child-rearing. Currently, Intensive Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (IPAQ) is the only measure widely used in the field of family psychology and counseling to assess intensive parenting attitudes. However, it was developed from and validated with samples of predominately White mothers, which raises questions about its validity and generalizability to fathers and parents of other racial groups. The purpose of this study was to address this issue and assess the measurement invariance of the IPAQ with the data collected from both mothers and fathers of three racial groups (White, Black, and Asian Americans). Results indicated that measurement invariance of the IPAQ scale was not supported across gender and race, suggesting that the scale should be used with caution with different gender and racial groups. Recommendations were made to improve the scale and future studies to enhance the psychometric properties of the IPAQ were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The COVID-19 pandemic affected people across the life span, including children and adolescents. T... more The COVID-19 pandemic affected people across the life span, including children and adolescents. This study focuses on exploring the lived experiences of children and adolescents in the United States during the pandemic. We interviewed 12 children and adolescents in April 2020 and identified four themes: (a) change in school environment, (b) connection, (c) creative celebrations, and (d) hope. We discuss limitations, recommendations for future research, and implications for counseling.
Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics, 2009
The article reviews main theoretical and empirical approaches to intergroup emotions. Intergroup ... more The article reviews main theoretical and empirical approaches to intergroup emotions. Intergroup Emotions Theory and the Theory of Subjective Essentialism are discussed, as well as the results of research on intergroup emotions and prejudice, intergroup fear, guilt, anger and gloating. The question is raised about the discussion areas in studying the intergroup emotions.
What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? T... more What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract the predominant themes and concepts in each culture zone. The results yielded specific types of ideal-parent beliefs in five parenting culture zones: being “responsible and children/family-focused” for Asian parents, being “responsible and proper demeanor-focused” for African parents, and being “loving and responsible” for Hispanic-Italian parents. Although the most important themes and concepts were the same in the final two zones—being “loving and patient,” there were subtle differences: English-speaking, European Union, and Russian parents...
Abstract Prevention efforts for child sexual abuse (CSA) have focused on programming for children... more Abstract Prevention efforts for child sexual abuse (CSA) have focused on programming for children through schools while few parent-based programs are available in the community. Research over the past few decades show that parents lack access to such programs and aren't actively discussing CSA concepts with their children and continue to possess incorrect knowledge about risks. This study aims to analyze parents’ attitudes toward CSA, and their engagement in discussions about CSA with children. Three hundred and two parents completed an online survey. This study employed a concurrent mixed methods research design. Descriptive data analysis focused on exploring the relationships between socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about sexual abuse prevention, and communication about sexual abuse prevention. Qualitative analysis focused on exploring parents’ needs in the context of CSA prevention education. While parents engaged in such discussions, they still desired more information from trusted sources and needed developmentally appropriate materials. Parents reported the need for education through courses, trainings, and/or support groups. The prevention concepts parents talked to their children about differed based on the gender of the child, as well as the marital status of the parent. Single parents discussed less CSA concepts than married. White/Non-Latinx parents were more educated about sexual abuse compared to Latinx parents and talked to their children more about prevention concepts. Parents also discussed CSA with girls more compared to boys.
Abstract Prevention efforts for child sexual abuse (CSA) have focused on programming for children... more Abstract Prevention efforts for child sexual abuse (CSA) have focused on programming for children through schools while few parent-based programs are available in the community. Research over the past few decades show that parents lack access to such programs and aren't actively discussing CSA concepts with their children and continue to possess incorrect knowledge about risks. This study aims to analyze parents’ attitudes toward CSA, and their engagement in discussions about CSA with children. Three hundred and two parents completed an online survey. This study employed a concurrent mixed methods research design. Descriptive data analysis focused on exploring the relationships between socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge about sexual abuse prevention, and communication about sexual abuse prevention. Qualitative analysis focused on exploring parents’ needs in the context of CSA prevention education. While parents engaged in such discussions, they still desired more information from trusted sources and needed developmentally appropriate materials. Parents reported the need for education through courses, trainings, and/or support groups. The prevention concepts parents talked to their children about differed based on the gender of the child, as well as the marital status of the parent. Single parents discussed less CSA concepts than married. White/Non-Latinx parents were more educated about sexual abuse compared to Latinx parents and talked to their children more about prevention concepts. Parents also discussed CSA with girls more compared to boys.
In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequali... more In Western countries, recent decades have witnessed a revolution toward gender equality. Inequalities have been greatly reduced in areas such as education or employment. Because inequalities lead to distress, this development has largely benefited women. One notable exception is the realm of parenting, which has remained rife with inequalities even in the most egalitarian countries. We hypothesized that experiencing inequality in parenting when one holds egalitarian values and raising a child in a country characterized by a high level of gender equality in other areas, increases mothers’ psychological distress in the specific area of parenting. Multilevel modeling analyses computed among 11,538 mothers from 40 countries confirmed this prediction: high egalitarian values at the individual level and high gender equality at the societal level are associated with higher burnout levels in mothers. The associations hold beyond differences in sociodemographic characteristics at the individ...
Aim/Purpose: Multiple emotional and cognitive resources are needed for graduate students to overc... more Aim/Purpose: Multiple emotional and cognitive resources are needed for graduate students to overcome stress associated with balancing studies and personal life. This research aimed to explore the difficulties, which graduate student-mothers face while balancing school and parenting, and describe mechanisms of the balancing process. Background: Graduate student-mothers need to structure their time so that they can equally distribute their energy between their children and graduate school work. Mothers face challenges in balancing graduate school and parenting, making choices between school and family responsibilities. This paper addresses the perceptions and experiences of graduate student-mothers who navigate coping with multiple role responsibilities. Methodology: Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews with eight graduate student-mothers who studied at a research-intensive university. Thematic analysis was used to explore the process of balancing graduate school and mothe...
Competency-based training and professional development is critical to the clinical research enter... more Competency-based training and professional development is critical to the clinical research enterprise. Understanding research coordinators’ perspectives is important for establishing a common core curriculum. The purpose of this study was to describe participants’ perspectives regarding the impact of online and classroom training sessions. 27 participants among three institutions, completed a two-day classroom training session. 10 novice and seven experienced research coordinators participated in focus group interviews. Grounded theory revealed similarities in novice and experienced coordinator themes including Identifying Preferences for Instruction and Changing Self Perceptions. Differences, seen in experienced participants, focused on personal change, in the theme of Re-Assessing Skills. Infrastructure and cultural issues were evident in their theme, Promoting Leadership and Advocacy. Novice participants recommended ways to improve training via their theme of Making Programmatic...
Providing school-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention programs ensures that the majority of ... more Providing school-based child sexual abuse (CSA) prevention programs ensures that the majority of children will participate in programming. Since many parents may feel ill equipped to have such discussions with their children, programs offered in education settings can bring awareness to this issue. A sample of mothers (N = 268) from across the United States completed an online survey related to their experiences with and attitudes toward school-based CSA prevention programs. Most mothers (70%) had no exposure to prevention programs during their childhood, but the majority (95%) had a positive attitude toward programming for their children. Most mothers believed that offering CSA prevention in schools was important and could provide a safety net. Mothers desired programming that was age appropriate, involved parents and was activity based. These results can help inform schools’ prevention programming.
Providing educational programs designed to promote clinical research coordinators' (CRCs'... more Providing educational programs designed to promote clinical research coordinators' (CRCs') implementation of competency skills is essential to workforce development; however, little is known about how programs address CRCs' needs. The purpose of this study was to assess CRCs' experiences in a six-month course. Using focus group methods, six participants revealed how the training assisted them in daily work. The findings supported previous study results, and led to the identification of two competencies which are missing from the existing Joint Task Force for Clinical Trial Competency framework domains of "Communication and Teamwork" and "Leadership and Professionalism." The authors explain why these competencies are important for coordinators. The authors also discuss the instrumentality of qualitative research to ensure that competency domains reflect the needs of those for whom they are developed.
Intensive parenting attitudes describe parents' views on child-rearing. Currently, Intensive ... more Intensive parenting attitudes describe parents' views on child-rearing. Currently, Intensive Parenting Attitudes Questionnaire (IPAQ) is the only measure widely used in the field of family psychology and counseling to assess intensive parenting attitudes. However, it was developed from and validated with samples of predominately White mothers, which raises questions about its validity and generalizability to fathers and parents of other racial groups. The purpose of this study was to address this issue and assess the measurement invariance of the IPAQ with the data collected from both mothers and fathers of three racial groups (White, Black, and Asian Americans). Results indicated that measurement invariance of the IPAQ scale was not supported across gender and race, suggesting that the scale should be used with caution with different gender and racial groups. Recommendations were made to improve the scale and future studies to enhance the psychometric properties of the IPAQ were discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The COVID-19 pandemic affected people across the life span, including children and adolescents. T... more The COVID-19 pandemic affected people across the life span, including children and adolescents. This study focuses on exploring the lived experiences of children and adolescents in the United States during the pandemic. We interviewed 12 children and adolescents in April 2020 and identified four themes: (a) change in school environment, (b) connection, (c) creative celebrations, and (d) hope. We discuss limitations, recommendations for future research, and implications for counseling.
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