Iec 62660 2 2010

IEC 62660-2
®
Edition 1.0 2010-12
INTERNATIONAL
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iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing
(standards.iteh.ai)
Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques – IEC 62660-2:2010
Partie 2: Essais de fiabilité et de traitement abusif
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/3f684bd9-027c-49ed-b10c-5cab8b64bf82/iec-
62660-2-2010
IEC 62660-2:2010
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IEC 62660-2
®
Edition 1.0 2010-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE colour
inside

Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
(standards.iteh.ai)
Éléments d’accumulateurs lithium-ion pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques – IEC 62660-2:2010
Partie 2: Essais de fiabilité et de traitement abusif
62660-2-2010
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE PRICE CODE
CODE PRIX S
ICS 29.220.20, 43.120 ISBN 978-2-88912-302-5
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
–2– 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .................................................................................................................. 4
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 6
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................... 7
2 Normative references ................................................................................................ 7
3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................ 7
4 Test conditions ......................................................................................................... 8
4.1 General ........................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Measuring instruments...................................................................................... 9
4.2.1 Range of measuring devices .................................................................. 9
4.2.2 Voltage measurement ............................................................................ 9
4.2.3 Current measurement ............................................................................ 9
4.2.4 Temperature measurements ................................................................... 9
4.2.5 Other measurements ........................................................................... 10
4.3 Tolerance ...................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Test temperature............................................................................................ 10
5 Electrical measurement ........................................................................................... 10
5.1 General charge conditions .............................................................................. 10
5.2 Capacity ........................................................................................................ 10
5.3 SOC adjustment ............................................................................................. 11
6 (standards.iteh.ai)
Reliability and abuse tests ....................................................................................... 11
6.1 Mechanical test .............................................................................................. 11
IEC 62660-2:2010
6.1.1 Vibration ............................................................................................ 11
6.1.2 Mechanical shock ................................................................................ 12
6.1.3 Crush .................................................................................................
62660-2-2010 13
6.2 Thermal test .................................................................................................. 14
6.2.1 High temperature endurance ................................................................ 14
6.2.2 Temperature cycling ............................................................................ 15
6.3 Electrical test ................................................................................................. 18
6.3.1 External short circuit ............................................................................ 18
6.3.2 Overcharge ........................................................................................ 19
6.3.3 Forced discharge ................................................................................ 19
7 Description of test results ........................................................................................ 20
Annex A (informative) Selective test conditions............................................................... 21
Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell..................................................... 9

Figure 2 – PSD of acceleration vs. frequency .................................................................. 12
Figure 3 – Example of crush test .................................................................................... 14
Figure 4 – BEV current profile for temperature cycling ...................................................... 16
Figure 5 – SOC level over all test cycles – BEV application .............................................. 17
Figure 6 – HEV current profile for temperature cycling...................................................... 18
Table 1 – Discharge conditions ...................................................................................... 11

Table 2 – Values for PSD and frequency ......................................................................... 12
62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 –3–
Table 3 – Mechanical shock test – parameters ................................................................ 13

Table 4 – Temperatures and time duration for temperature cycling .................................... 15
Table 5 – Temperatures and time duration for temperature cycling .................................... 16
Table 6 – Test steps and BEV current profile ................................................................... 17
Table 7 – Test steps and HEV current profile................................................................... 18
Table A.1 – Capacity test conditions ............................................................................... 21

(standards.iteh.ai)
IEC 62660-2:2010
62660-2-2010
–4– 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION

OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnic al Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization c omprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promot e
international co-operation on all questions conc erning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technic al c ommittees; any IEC National Committee interested
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined b y
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agr eements of IEC on technic al matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National C ommittees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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Publications is accurate, IEC c annot be held responsible for the way in which they are us ed or for an y
misinterpr etation by any end us er.
(standards.iteh.ai)
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC P ublications
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between any IEC Publication and the corr esponding national or regional public ation shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformit y
IEC 62660-2:2010
assessment services and, in s ome areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for an y
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
62660-2-2010
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts an d
members of its technical c ommittees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
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expens es arising out of the publication, use of, or relianc e upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative ref erences cited in this publication. Use of the ref erenced publications is
indispens able f or the corr ect application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62660-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21:
Secondary cells and batteries.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
21/727/FDIS 21/731/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 62660 series, published under the general title Secondary lithium-ion
cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles, can be found on the IEC website.
62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 –5–
The committee has decided that the contents of this amendment and the base publication will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.

(standards.iteh.ai)
IEC 62660-2:2010
62660-2-2010
–6– 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010
INTRODUCTION
The commercialisation of electric road vehicles including battery, hybrid and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles has been accelerated in the global market, responding to the global concerns
on CO 2 reduction and energy security. This, in turn, has led to rapidly increasing demand for
high-power and high-energy density traction batteries. Lithium-ion batteries are estimated to
be one of the most promising secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric vehicles. In the
light of rapidly diffusing hybrid electric vehicles and emerging battery and plug-in hybrid
electric vehicles, a standard method for testing reliability and abuse requirements of lithium-
ion batteries is indispensable for securing a basic level of safety and obtaining essential data
for the design of vehicle systems and battery packs.
This standard is to specify reliability and abuse testing for automobile traction lithium-ion cells
that basically differ from the other cells including those for portable and stationary
applications specified by the other IEC standards. For automobile application, it is important
to note the usage specificity; i.e. the designing diversity of automobile battery packs and
systems, and specific requirements for cells and batteries corresponding to each of such
designs. Based on these facts, the purpose of this standard is to provide a basic test
methodology with general versatility, which serves a function in common primary testing of
lithium ion cells to be used in a variety of battery systems. For the requirements for cells differ
depending on the system designs of battery pack or vehicle, and should be evaluated by the
users, this standard does not provide any pass-fail criteria for the tests, but specifies a
standard classification of descriptions for test results.

This standard is associated with ISO 12405-1-and ISO 12405-2 1.
IEC 62660-1 specifies the(standards.iteh.ai)

performance testing of lithium-ion cells for electric vehicle
application.
IEC 62660-2:2010
62660-2-2010
———————
1 Under c onsideration.
62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 –7–
SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION

OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62660 specifies test procedures to observe the reliability and abuse
behaviour of secondary lithium-ion cells used for propulsion of electric vehicles including
battery electric vehicles (BEV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).
The objective of this standard is to specify the standard test procedures and conditions for
basic characteristics of lithium-ion cells for use in propulsion of battery and hybrid electric
vehicles. The tests are indispensable for obtaining essential data on reliability and abuse
behaviour of lithium-ion cells for use in various designs of battery systems and battery packs.
This standard provides standard classification of description of test results to be used for the
design of battery systems or battery packs.

NOTE 1 The reliability and abus e tests for the electrically connected lithium-ion cells may be performed with
referenc e to this standard.
(standards.iteh.ai)
NOTE 2 The test specification for lithium-ion battery packs and systems is defined in ISO 12405-1 and
ISO 12405-2 (under consideration).
2 Normative references IEC 62660-2:2010

The following referenced documents are 62660-2-2010
indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-482, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Part 482: Primary and secondary
cells and batteries
IEC 60068-2-64 , Environmental testing – Part 2-64: Tests – Test Fh: Vibration, broadband
random and guidance
IEC 61434, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
Guide to the designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards
ISO 16750-3, Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and
electronic equipment – Part 3: Mechanical loads
ISO 16750-4, Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and
electronic equipment – Part 4: Climatic loads
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-482 and the
following apply.
–8– 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010
3.1
battery electric vehicle
BEV
electric vehicle with only a traction battery as power source for vehicle propulsion
3.2
hybrid electric vehicle
HEV
vehicle with both a rechargeable energy storage system and a fuelled power source for
propulsion
3.3
rated capacity
quantity of electricity C 3 Ah (ampere-hours) for BEV and C 1 Ah for HEV declared by the
manufacturer
3.4
reference test current
It
current in amperes which is expressed as
I t (A) = C n (Ah)/ 1 (h)
where
C n is the rated capacity of the cell ;
n is the time base (hours).

(standards.iteh.ai)
3.5
room temperature
temperature of 25 °C ± 2 K IEC 62660-2:2010
3.6 62660-2-2010
secondary lithium ion cell
secondary single cell whose electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction
reactions of lithium ions between the anode and the cathode
NOTE 1 The secondary cell is a basic manufactured unit providing a source of electrical energy by direct
conversion of chemic al energy. The cell c onsists of electrodes, separators, electrolyte, container and terminals,
and is designed to be charged electrically.
NOTE 2 In this standard, cell or sec ondary c ells means the sec ondary lithium ion cell to be used for the
propulsion of electric road vehicles.
3.7
state of charge
SOC
available capacity in a battery expressed as a percentage of rated capacity
4 Test conditions
4.1 General
The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.
62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 –9–
4.2 Measuring instruments
4.2.1 Range of measuring devices
The instruments used shall enable the values of voltage and current to be measured. The
range of these instruments and measuring methods shall be chosen so as to ensure the
accuracy specified for each test.
For analogue instruments, this implies that the readings shall be taken in the last third of the
graduated scale.
Any other measuring instruments may be used provided they give an equivalent accuracy.
4.2.2 Voltage measurement
The resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 1 M W/V.
4.2.3 Current measurement
The entire assembly of ammeter, shunt and leads shall be of an accuracy class of 0,5 or
better.
4.2.4 Temperature measurements

The cell temperature shall be measured by use of a surface temperature measuring device
capable of an equivalent scale definition and accuracy of calibration as specified in 4.2.1. The
(standards.iteh.ai)
temperature should be measured at a location which most closely reflects the cell
temperature. The temperature may be measured at additional appropriate locations, if
necessary.
IEC 62660-2:2010
The examples for temperature measurement are shown in Figure 1. The instructions for
temperature measurement specified by the manufacturer shall be followed.
62660-2-2010
Prismatic or flat cell Cylindrical cell
Temperature measuring device
Cell Cell Cell
Insulating material
IEC 2861/10
Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell

– 10 – 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010
4.2.5 Other measurements
Other values including capacity and power may be measured by use of a measuring device,
provided that it complies with 4.3.
4.3 Tolerance
The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual
values, shall be within these tolerances:
a) ±0,1 % for voltage;

b) ±1 % for current;
c) ±2 K for temperature;
d) ±0,1 % for time;
e) ±0,1 % for mass;
f) ±0,1 % for dimensions.
These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement technique used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
4.4 Test temperature

If not otherwise defined, before each test the cell shall be stabilized at the test temperature
for a minimum of 12 h. This period can be reduced if thermal stabilization is reached. Thermal
stabilization is considered to be reached if after one interval of 1 h, the change of cell
(standards.iteh.ai)
temperature is lower than 1 K.
Unless otherwise stated in this standard, cells shall be tested at room temperature using the
method declared by the manufacturer.IEC 62660-2:2010
62660-2-2010
5 Electrical measurement
5.1 General charge conditions
Unless otherwise stated in this standard, prior to electrical measurement test, the cell shall
be charged as follows.
Prior to charging, the cell shall be discharged at room temperature at a constant current
described in Table 1 down to a end-of-discharge voltage specified by the manufacturer. Then,
the cell shall be charged according to the charging method declared by the manufacturer at
room temperature.
5.2 Capacity
Capacity of cell shall be measured in accordance with the following steps.
Step 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 5.1.
After recharge, the cell temperature shall be stabilized in accordance with 4.4.
Step 2 – The cell shall be discharged at specified temperature at a constant current I t (A) to
the end-of-discharge voltage that is provided by the manufacturer. The discharge current and
temperatures indicated in Table 1 shall be used.
NOTE In addition to Table 1, specific test conditions may be s elected based on the agreement between the
manufacturer and the customer. Selective test conditions are shown in Table A.1 in Annex A.
62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 11 –
The method of designation of test current I t is defined in IEC 61434.
Table 1 – Discharge conditions
Discharge current
A
Temperature
BEV application HEV application
°C
0
25 1/3 It 1 It
45
Step 3 – Measure the discharge endurance duration until the specified end-of-discharge
voltage is reached, and calculate the capacity of cell expressed in Ah up to three significant
figures.
5.3 SOC adjustment
The test cells shall be charged as specified below. The SOC adjustment is the procedure to
be followed for preparing cells to the various SOCs for the tests in this standard.
Step 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 5.1.

Step 2 – The cell shall be left at rest at room temperature in accordance with 4.4.
(standards.iteh.ai)
Step 3 – The cell shall be discharged at a constant current according to Table 1 for (100 –
n)/100 ´ 3 h for BEV application and (100 – n)/100 ´ 1 h for HEV application, where n is SOC
(%) to be adjusted for each test. IEC 62660-2:2010
6 Reliability and abuse tests 62660-2-2010
For all the tests specified in this clause, the test installation shall be reported including fixing
and wiring of the cell.
6.1 Mechanical test
6.1.1 Vibration
This test is performed to characterize cell responses to vibration assumed in the use of
vehicle.
6.1.1.1 Test
The test shall be performed as follows.
a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application, and to 80 % for HEV application in
accordance with 5.3.
b) Perform the test referring to IEC 60068-2-64 random vibration. Use test duration of 8 h for
each plane of the test cell.
c) The r.m.s. acceleration value shall be 27,8 m/s 2 . The power spectrum density (PSD) vs.
frequency is shown in Figure 2 and Table 2. The maximum frequency shall be 2 000 Hz.
– 12 – 62660-2 Ó IEC:2010
100
10
10
) /Hz)
[(m/s²)²/Hz
2 2
PSD ((m/s
11
PSD
0,1
0,1
0,01
0,01
1 10 100 11000
000 10 000
10000

Frequency (Hz)
Frequency [Hz]
IEC 2877/10
(standards.iteh.ai)
Figure 2 – PSD of acceleration vs. frequency
IEC 62660-2:2010
Table 2 – Values for PSD and frequency
Frequency 62660-2-2010 PSD
Hz (m/s2) 2 /Hz
10 20
55 6,5
180 0,25
300 0,25
360 0,14
1 000 0,14
2 000 0,14
6.1.1.2 Test results
The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:
· cell voltage and capacity at the beginning and at the end of the test;
· conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in
Clause 7.
6.1.2 Mechanical shock
This test is performed to characterize cell responses to mechanical shocks assumed in the
use of vehicle.
62660-2 Ó IEC:2010 – 13 –
6.1.2.1 Test
a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application and to 80 % for HEV application in
b) Perform the test in accordance with ISO 16750-3 as shown in Table 3. Acceleration from
the shock in the test shall be applied in the same direction as the acceleration of the
shock that occurs in the vehicle. If the direction of the effect is not known, the cell shall be
tested in all six spatial directions.
Table 3 – Mechanical shock test – parameters
Pulse shape half-sinusoidal

Acceleration 500 m/s2
Duration 6 ms
Number of shocks 10 per test direction
NOTE If more severe test parameters are requested by any regulation, such test conditions may be applied.
6.1.2.2 Test results
The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:
· iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

cell voltage and capacity at the beginning and at the end of the test;
· conditions of cell at the end of test in accordance with the description specified in 7.
6.1.3 Crush
(standards.iteh.ai)
This test is performed to characterize cell responses to external load forces that may cause
deformation.
IEC 62660-2:2010
6.1.3.1 Test 62660-2-2010
a) Adjust the SOC of cell to 100 % for BEV application and 80 % for HEV application in
b) The cell shall be placed on an insulated flat surface and be crushed with a crushing tool of
round or semicircular bar, or sphere or hemisphere with a 150 mm diameter. It is
recommended to use the round bar to crush a cylindrical cell, and the sphere for a
prismatic cell (see Figure 3). The force for the crushing shall be applied in direction nearly
perpendicular to a layered face of positive and negative electrodes inside cell. The
crushing tool shall be selected so that the cell is deformed nearly in proportion to the
increase of crushing force.
c) The force shall be released when an abrupt voltage drop of one-third of the original cell
voltage occurs, or a deformation of 15 % or more of initial cell dimension occurs, or the
force of 1 000 times the weight of cell applied. The cells remain on test for 24 h or until the
case temperature declines by 20 % of the maximum temperature rise, whichever is the
sooner.

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® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission

Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell..................................................... 9

Table 1 – Discharge conditions ...................................................................................... 11

Table 3 – Mechanical shock test – parameters ................................................................ 13

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION

Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

The text of this standard is based on the following documents:

FDIS Report on voting

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

IEC 62660-1 specifies the(standards.iteh.ai)

SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION CELLS FOR THE PROPULSION

Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

2 Normative references IEC 62660-2:2010

3 Terms and definitions

I t (A) = C n (Ah)/ 1 (h)

n is the time base (hours).

4.2 Measuring instruments

4.2.1 Range of measuring devices

4.2.2 Voltage measurement

The resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 1 M W/V.

4.2.3 Current measurement

4.2.4 Temperature measurements

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

Prismatic or flat cell Cylindrical cell

Temperature measuring device

Cell Cell Cell

Figure 1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell

4.2.5 Other measurements

a) ±0,1 % for voltage;

4.4 Test temperature

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

5.1 General charge conditions

Capacity of cell shall be measured in accordance with the following steps.

Step 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 5.1.

The method of designation of test current I t is defined in IEC 61434.

Table 1 – Discharge conditions

5.3 SOC adjustment

Step 1 – The cell shall be charged in accordance with 5.1.

6.1 Mechanical test

The test shall be performed as follows.

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

6.1.1.2 Test results

The following shall be measured and recorded as test results:

6.1.2 Mechanical shock

The test shall be performed as follows.

Table 3 – Mechanical shock test – parameters

Pulse shape half-sinusoidal

6.1.2.2 Test results