This study was carried out in Yola and Mubi both of which are located in Northeastern Nigeria to ... more This study was carried out in Yola and Mubi both of which are located in Northeastern Nigeria to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts on the different manifestations of bacterial blight caused by Xam on different cotton varieties. The study was also intended to examine the reaction of these treated varieties to the disease with a view to identify the most effective plant extract. Results revealed that SAMCOT-8 and SAMCOT-12 varieties have moderate resistance to Xam haven recorded least mean incidences of vein blight, black arm, boll blight and lowest percentage boll rot and higher yield of seed cotton in both locations. Results further revealed the most effective plant extract to be A. sativum (50%) which consistently recorded the lowest mean value of 6.00 % and 9.33 % seedling blight, 4.67 % and 30.00 % vein blight, 10.66% and 10.00 % black arm, 20.66 and 12.66 boll blight and yield of 403.89 kg ha-1 and 921.25 kg ha-1 in Yola and Mubi respectively. From these findings, it ...
This study was targeted towards the determination of selected physical properties of ten sorghum ... more This study was targeted towards the determination of selected physical properties of ten sorghum varieties, compare these properties and investigate the relationship between the physical dimensions of the ten varieties as well as their relationship with moisture content. The findings of the research study could be used in the design of processing machines for wide varieties of sorghum crop that are under cultivation. Experimental location on Google Maps
Despite the recent release of several improved varieties of groundnut in Nigeria the productiviti... more Despite the recent release of several improved varieties of groundnut in Nigeria the productivities have not increase significantly due to lack of commensurate recommendation in agronomic practices. Two groundnut varieties were evaluated for their response to different plant density and phosphorus application in two locations in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria in 2012 and 2013. The groundnut were planted at density of 44444, 66667, and 133333 hills ha-1 with average of two plants per hill. Phosphorus was applied at rate of 0 or 20 kg P ha-1. P fertilizer application increased pod and haulm yields by 26% and 16% respectively in Minjibir. It increased pod and haulm yields by 62% and 27% respectively in Wudil. Pod and haulm yields, harvest index, revenue, profit and cost benefit ratio increased with increasing plant density. Samnut-24 produced pod yields that were significantly higher than Samnut-22 across treatments. Pod yields at density of 133,333 hills ha-1 was 31% higher than at...
Nigeria used to be the highest groundnut exporting country in Africa, but a combination of drough... more Nigeria used to be the highest groundnut exporting country in Africa, but a combination of drought, rosette and other diseases wiped out groundnut production in the 1970s. ICRISAT, IAR and partners have developed and released new improved high-yielding varieties with combined resistance to major biotic stresses. It is, however, necessary to disseminate these varieties with improved crop management packages on a large scale to increase and restore the profitability of groundnut cultivation in Nigeria. This handbook aims to be an effective guide to farmers on groundnut crop production and general management best practices for efficient groundnut production in Nigeria and its neighboring countries.
Low soil fertility and water shortage are major constraints to food production and food security ... more Low soil fertility and water shortage are major constraints to food production and food security in semi-arid environments. Field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons (2014 and 2015) in Nigeria. The study examined the effects of Phosphorus (P) applications on crop transpiration (ETc) water use efficiency (WUE)and agronomy phosphorus use efficiency (APUE) and sorghum productivity. The experiments were arranged in split plot design with five (5) P-fertilizerlevels(0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg P205ha-1) as the main plot and threevarieties (CSR01, ICSV400 and local) as sub-plot in four replications.Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) amongthe P levels and sorghum varieties for grain yield in both locations and seasons. P increased grain yield by 19-39% over control treatment.The highest mean yield of 3156 kg ha-1 at Minjibir and 2929 kg ha-1 at BUK indicate optimum yield was recorded at the 45 kgP205ha-1 application rate and significantly higher than P rates a...
An experiment was carried out at two diferent locations (Yola and Mubi, Nigeria) to screen twelve... more An experiment was carried out at two diferent locations (Yola and Mubi, Nigeria) to screen twelve (12) cowpea varieties for their reaction to infection by cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora canescens Ellis and Martin) disease on the field during the 2011 cropping season. The cowpea varieties tested in the study were SAMPEA-1, SAMPEA-2, SAMPEA-4, SAMPEA-5, SAMPEA-6, IFE-BROWN, SAMPEA-7, SAMPEA-8, SAMPEA-9, SAMPEA-10, SAMPEA-11 and SAMPEA-12. The incidence (%) of cercospora leaf spot was observed in both locations at varying levels with all the varieties having the incidence of 100% at 9 WAS at Yola, while SAMPEA-2, SAMPEA-10 and SAMPEA-12 had the highest incidence of 93.33-100% at 9 WAS in Mubi. The severity of the disease was also observed to be higher in Yola than Mubi, where a warm weather coupled with high relative humidity was recorded. At the peak of the disease severity (12 WAS), SAMPEA-2 gave the highest severity in Yola (83.37%), while IFE-BROWN gave the highest severity in Mu...
Determination of physical characteristics of grain of biomaterials is important in the design of ... more Determination of physical characteristics of grain of biomaterials is important in the design of harvesting, handling, and processing equipment. This helps in understanding the problem of separating grains from undesirable materials during threshing and winnowing, as well as in designing post-harvest handling equipments. Physical properties of sorghum grains from ten varieties (7 released and 3 breeding lines) were investigated under three different grain moisture content of 10%, 20% and 30% dry basis (d.b.). Results from the experiment revealed wide variation among the sorghum varieties on the physical properties measured. Arithmetic Mean Diameter ranged from 4.233 mm to 4.872 mm, while the Geometric Mean Diameter of the varieties ranged from 4.215 mm to 4.864 mm. Sphericity for the different sorghum varieties fall within the range of 0.86 to 0.96. It was also observed that the surface areas of the sorghum varieties are between 52.2 mm 2 to 70.00 mm 2. The results further showed that Aspect ratio ranged from 0.84 to 0.94 and the Angle of repose for the sorghum varieties were from 31.51 0 to 34.25 0. Result from the study revealed that, increase in moisture content led to increase in the surface area, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and angle of repose. Variety and changes in moisture content significantly affected the physical properties determined. SIGNIFICANCE: The findings of the research study presented in this paper could be used in the design of processing machines for wide varieties of sorghum crop that are under cultivation. Introduction Sorghum is one of the world's most important cereals which could be processed into flour and used for making diverse food products such as pap and porridge as well as livestock feed. The grains of some varieties are now being used in the industries for the production of biscuits, confectionaries, beverages, pharmaceutical syrups and also for making of beer in beer industries. However, it has been reported that the major constraints in producing excellent food products from sorghum is the lack of consistent supply of good quality grain
Environmental factors such as relative humidity and rainfall generally have been found to increas... more Environmental factors such as relative humidity and rainfall generally have been found to increase the incidence, rate of spread and severity of diseases thereby reducing yield of crops. Study was conducted on five cotton varieties, which were artificially inoculated with bacterial blight pathogen to determine the effects of rainfall and relative humidity on incidence and severity of angular leaf spot (ALS) and yield of seed cotton in Yola and Mubi. Results showed that the severity of ALS was higher in Yola (58.65%) at 13 WAS assumed to be due to higher relative humidity range of 76%-87% and low rainfall of 2-40.6 mm. This is assumed to have favoured disease development as against that of Mubi location which recorded lower severity (51.11%) due to lower relative humidity (42%-55%) and rainfall (37-73 mm). Results further revealed that at 13 WAS, SAMCOT-8 had low incidence (66%) and severity (39%) in Yola. This was against the much higher corresponding incidence and severity of 82% and 42% respectively that was observed in Mubi during the same period. SAMCOT-10 and SAMCOT-9 varieties were found to be highly susceptible to the disease at the same period. SAMCOT-8 recorded the highest yield of 390.00 kg • ha −1 in Yola and 868.09 kg • ha −1 in Mubi while the lowest yields of 227.17 kg • ha −1 was observed on SAMCOT-10 in Yola while 461.61 kg • ha −1 was obtained on SAMCOT-9 in Mubi. The variation in yield among these varieties might be due to the differences in their reactions to the disease. There is a need to conduct further trials in these locations to confirm the level of resistance or other aspects of these varieties to the disease.
Nigeria used to be the highest groundnut exporting country in Africa, but a combination of drough... more Nigeria used to be the highest groundnut exporting country in Africa, but a combination of drought, rosette and other diseases wiped out groundnut production in the 1970s. ICRISAT, IAR and partners have developed and released new improved high-yielding varieties with combined resistance to major biotic stresses. It is, however, necessary to disseminate these varieties with improved crop management packages on a large scale to increase and restore the profitability of groundnut cultivation in Nigeria. This handbook aims to be an effective guide to farmers on groundnut crop production and general management best practices for efficient groundnut production in Nigeria and its neighboring countries.
This study was carried out in Yola and Mubi both of which are located in Northeastern Nigeria to ... more This study was carried out in Yola and Mubi both of which are located in Northeastern Nigeria to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extracts on the different manifestations of bacterial blight caused by Xam on different cotton varieties. The study was also intended to examine the reaction of these treated varieties to the disease with a view to identify the most effective plant extract. Results revealed that SAMCOT-8 and SAMCOT-12 varieties have moderate resistance to Xam haven recorded least mean incidences of vein blight, black arm, boll blight and lowest percentage boll rot and higher yield of seed cotton in both locations. Results further revealed the most effective plant extract to be A. sativum (50%) which consistently recorded the lowest mean value of 6.00 % and 9.33 % seedling blight, 4.67 % and 30.00 % vein blight, 10.66% and 10.00 % black arm, 20.66 and 12.66 boll blight and yield of 403.89 kg ha-1 and 921.25 kg ha-1 in Yola and Mubi respectively. From these findings, it ...
This study was targeted towards the determination of selected physical properties of ten sorghum ... more This study was targeted towards the determination of selected physical properties of ten sorghum varieties, compare these properties and investigate the relationship between the physical dimensions of the ten varieties as well as their relationship with moisture content. The findings of the research study could be used in the design of processing machines for wide varieties of sorghum crop that are under cultivation. Experimental location on Google Maps
Despite the recent release of several improved varieties of groundnut in Nigeria the productiviti... more Despite the recent release of several improved varieties of groundnut in Nigeria the productivities have not increase significantly due to lack of commensurate recommendation in agronomic practices. Two groundnut varieties were evaluated for their response to different plant density and phosphorus application in two locations in the Sudan Savanna zone of Nigeria in 2012 and 2013. The groundnut were planted at density of 44444, 66667, and 133333 hills ha-1 with average of two plants per hill. Phosphorus was applied at rate of 0 or 20 kg P ha-1. P fertilizer application increased pod and haulm yields by 26% and 16% respectively in Minjibir. It increased pod and haulm yields by 62% and 27% respectively in Wudil. Pod and haulm yields, harvest index, revenue, profit and cost benefit ratio increased with increasing plant density. Samnut-24 produced pod yields that were significantly higher than Samnut-22 across treatments. Pod yields at density of 133,333 hills ha-1 was 31% higher than at...
Nigeria used to be the highest groundnut exporting country in Africa, but a combination of drough... more Nigeria used to be the highest groundnut exporting country in Africa, but a combination of drought, rosette and other diseases wiped out groundnut production in the 1970s. ICRISAT, IAR and partners have developed and released new improved high-yielding varieties with combined resistance to major biotic stresses. It is, however, necessary to disseminate these varieties with improved crop management packages on a large scale to increase and restore the profitability of groundnut cultivation in Nigeria. This handbook aims to be an effective guide to farmers on groundnut crop production and general management best practices for efficient groundnut production in Nigeria and its neighboring countries.
Low soil fertility and water shortage are major constraints to food production and food security ... more Low soil fertility and water shortage are major constraints to food production and food security in semi-arid environments. Field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons (2014 and 2015) in Nigeria. The study examined the effects of Phosphorus (P) applications on crop transpiration (ETc) water use efficiency (WUE)and agronomy phosphorus use efficiency (APUE) and sorghum productivity. The experiments were arranged in split plot design with five (5) P-fertilizerlevels(0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg P205ha-1) as the main plot and threevarieties (CSR01, ICSV400 and local) as sub-plot in four replications.Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) amongthe P levels and sorghum varieties for grain yield in both locations and seasons. P increased grain yield by 19-39% over control treatment.The highest mean yield of 3156 kg ha-1 at Minjibir and 2929 kg ha-1 at BUK indicate optimum yield was recorded at the 45 kgP205ha-1 application rate and significantly higher than P rates a...
An experiment was carried out at two diferent locations (Yola and Mubi, Nigeria) to screen twelve... more An experiment was carried out at two diferent locations (Yola and Mubi, Nigeria) to screen twelve (12) cowpea varieties for their reaction to infection by cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora canescens Ellis and Martin) disease on the field during the 2011 cropping season. The cowpea varieties tested in the study were SAMPEA-1, SAMPEA-2, SAMPEA-4, SAMPEA-5, SAMPEA-6, IFE-BROWN, SAMPEA-7, SAMPEA-8, SAMPEA-9, SAMPEA-10, SAMPEA-11 and SAMPEA-12. The incidence (%) of cercospora leaf spot was observed in both locations at varying levels with all the varieties having the incidence of 100% at 9 WAS at Yola, while SAMPEA-2, SAMPEA-10 and SAMPEA-12 had the highest incidence of 93.33-100% at 9 WAS in Mubi. The severity of the disease was also observed to be higher in Yola than Mubi, where a warm weather coupled with high relative humidity was recorded. At the peak of the disease severity (12 WAS), SAMPEA-2 gave the highest severity in Yola (83.37%), while IFE-BROWN gave the highest severity in Mu...
Determination of physical characteristics of grain of biomaterials is important in the design of ... more Determination of physical characteristics of grain of biomaterials is important in the design of harvesting, handling, and processing equipment. This helps in understanding the problem of separating grains from undesirable materials during threshing and winnowing, as well as in designing post-harvest handling equipments. Physical properties of sorghum grains from ten varieties (7 released and 3 breeding lines) were investigated under three different grain moisture content of 10%, 20% and 30% dry basis (d.b.). Results from the experiment revealed wide variation among the sorghum varieties on the physical properties measured. Arithmetic Mean Diameter ranged from 4.233 mm to 4.872 mm, while the Geometric Mean Diameter of the varieties ranged from 4.215 mm to 4.864 mm. Sphericity for the different sorghum varieties fall within the range of 0.86 to 0.96. It was also observed that the surface areas of the sorghum varieties are between 52.2 mm 2 to 70.00 mm 2. The results further showed that Aspect ratio ranged from 0.84 to 0.94 and the Angle of repose for the sorghum varieties were from 31.51 0 to 34.25 0. Result from the study revealed that, increase in moisture content led to increase in the surface area, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and angle of repose. Variety and changes in moisture content significantly affected the physical properties determined. SIGNIFICANCE: The findings of the research study presented in this paper could be used in the design of processing machines for wide varieties of sorghum crop that are under cultivation. Introduction Sorghum is one of the world's most important cereals which could be processed into flour and used for making diverse food products such as pap and porridge as well as livestock feed. The grains of some varieties are now being used in the industries for the production of biscuits, confectionaries, beverages, pharmaceutical syrups and also for making of beer in beer industries. However, it has been reported that the major constraints in producing excellent food products from sorghum is the lack of consistent supply of good quality grain
Environmental factors such as relative humidity and rainfall generally have been found to increas... more Environmental factors such as relative humidity and rainfall generally have been found to increase the incidence, rate of spread and severity of diseases thereby reducing yield of crops. Study was conducted on five cotton varieties, which were artificially inoculated with bacterial blight pathogen to determine the effects of rainfall and relative humidity on incidence and severity of angular leaf spot (ALS) and yield of seed cotton in Yola and Mubi. Results showed that the severity of ALS was higher in Yola (58.65%) at 13 WAS assumed to be due to higher relative humidity range of 76%-87% and low rainfall of 2-40.6 mm. This is assumed to have favoured disease development as against that of Mubi location which recorded lower severity (51.11%) due to lower relative humidity (42%-55%) and rainfall (37-73 mm). Results further revealed that at 13 WAS, SAMCOT-8 had low incidence (66%) and severity (39%) in Yola. This was against the much higher corresponding incidence and severity of 82% and 42% respectively that was observed in Mubi during the same period. SAMCOT-10 and SAMCOT-9 varieties were found to be highly susceptible to the disease at the same period. SAMCOT-8 recorded the highest yield of 390.00 kg • ha −1 in Yola and 868.09 kg • ha −1 in Mubi while the lowest yields of 227.17 kg • ha −1 was observed on SAMCOT-10 in Yola while 461.61 kg • ha −1 was obtained on SAMCOT-9 in Mubi. The variation in yield among these varieties might be due to the differences in their reactions to the disease. There is a need to conduct further trials in these locations to confirm the level of resistance or other aspects of these varieties to the disease.
Nigeria used to be the highest groundnut exporting country in Africa, but a combination of drough... more Nigeria used to be the highest groundnut exporting country in Africa, but a combination of drought, rosette and other diseases wiped out groundnut production in the 1970s. ICRISAT, IAR and partners have developed and released new improved high-yielding varieties with combined resistance to major biotic stresses. It is, however, necessary to disseminate these varieties with improved crop management packages on a large scale to increase and restore the profitability of groundnut cultivation in Nigeria. This handbook aims to be an effective guide to farmers on groundnut crop production and general management best practices for efficient groundnut production in Nigeria and its neighboring countries.
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