Beyond Technical Specs: Using AHP to Prioritize User Needs in Turkish Basketball Arena Designs, 2024
Basketball arenas are crucial spaces that must meet specific standards to ensure the sustainabili... more Basketball arenas are crucial spaces that must meet specific standards to ensure the sustainability of the sport and the quality of play. While Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) assesses these standards, it often assumes that all performance indicators are equally important, potentially leading to a gap between design intent and actual user experience. This study aims to bridge this gap by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize evaluation criteria for Turkish professional basketball arenas designed for national and international matches, regional/local competitions, and training programs. Existing studies and reports indicate that basketball arenas in Turkey often fall short in meeting necessary physical requirements and exhibit performance deficiencies. To address this gap, this study identifies factors determining arena performance, categorized as technical, functional, and behavioral based on Preiser's framework. These criteria were further categorized according to different spaces within the arena, including general use areas, administrative spaces, and athlete-specific areas. A panel of expert sports facility design professionals provided judgments about the relative importance of these criteria using pairwise comparisons. The AHP method was then employed to calculate priority weights for each criterion. The results reveal the relative importance of different criteria for each space. For example, in general use areas, "furniture suitability/sufficiency" and "provision of ergonomic conditions for the disabled" ranked highest. In administrative spaces, "fire protection" and "accessibility" were deemed most important, while in athlete-specific areas, "visual and auditory privacy" and "security" took precedence. This study demonstrates the potential of AHP for developing a systematic and reliable framework for qualitative evaluations that measure user satisfaction. AHP-based evaluation models offer a valuable tool for architects, facility managers, and decision-makers to assess architectural design quality, prioritize design criteria, and support user-centered design processes.
A new measure was proposed to compare qualitative data from POE studies in basketball halls, addr... more A new measure was proposed to compare qualitative data from POE studies in basketball halls, addressing the challenge of comparing experiential performance.. The measure incorporates the perspectives of key decision-makers involved in different stages of the building's lifecycle, the designer, facility manager, and sports manager.. The perspectives are integrated using the SWARA method, enhancing the comprehensiveness of the evaluation.. The validity of the proposed measure was tested through a field study, demonstrating its effectiveness in enabling the comparison of experiential qualitative data.
International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology, 2017
The physical formation of city, where all members of society live, is created by non-living and ... more The physical formation of city, where all members of society live, is created by non-living and tangible elements such as buildings, roads, public squares, and vegetation. On the other hand, city acquires meaning by the existence of citizens, who reinvigorate it, their behaviours within the city and the interactions between them as well as with the city. The more the citizens are actively present in the streets, the more the city is a vivid and living place. There are many studies on vitality and liveability in urban spaces. In this study, urban vitality is defined according to the information gathered from previous researches. By scrutinizing the definitions of vitality made by Lynch and Jacobs, who are leading figures in the subject of research, social interaction, sense of belongingness, and security, inclusion of different functions, transformability, aesthetics and accessibility were identified as criteria determining the urban vitality. As a result of the study, it is asserte...
Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi
Kalite, bir ürünün niteliği veya uygunluğu üzerinden anılmaktadır. Yapılı çevrede kalite ise fonk... more Kalite, bir ürünün niteliği veya uygunluğu üzerinden anılmaktadır. Yapılı çevrede kalite ise fonksiyonel, formal, yapısal ve ekonomik olmak üzere dört ana başlıkta ele alınmaktadır. Fonksiyonel kalite, mekânın planlanması, değeri, kullanım biçimleri, mekânlar arası ilişkileri, erişilebilirliği, esnekliği, dönüşebilirliği, kullanıcıların mekânsal memnuniyet algılarını, kullanıcıların mekânı kullanım biçimlerini; formal kalite, estetik, algı (kültürel değerler ve bilişsel etkenler), semiyotik anlamlar, çağa uygunluk, bağlamı ile uyumluluk gibi başlıkları; yapısal kalitenin, strüktür tasarımı, sağlamlık, uygun malzeme ve yapım tekniğini, sürdürülebilir-çevre dostu olma özelliğini; ekonomik kalite ise, planlama bütçesini, inşa bütçesini, işletme bütçesini, yatırım değerini kapsamaktadır. Bir yapının kaliteli olup olmadığının saptanması, bu başlıkların değerlendirme odaklı bir yaklaşımla ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise hizmet sağlayıcının tüketici arzularını bilmesini s...
Gap model approach for measuring quality in architecture/Mimarlıkta kalite ölçümüne yönelik boşluk modeli yaklaşımı, 2023
In the built environment, quality contains functional, formal, structural, and economic aspects. ... more In the built environment, quality contains functional, formal, structural, and economic aspects. Functional quality includes space planning, value, usage styles, inter-space relations, accessibility, flexibility, transformability, spatial satisfaction perceptions of the users, and the way users use the space. Formal quality contains aesthetics, perception (cultural values and cognitive factors), adaptability to the age, and compatibility with the context. Structural quality involves the structural design, durability, appropriate materials and construction techniques, sustainable-environmental friendliness, and lastly economic quality comprises the planning budget, construction budget, operating budget, and investment value. Determining whether a building is of quality requires an evaluation. In this study, the gap model, one of the service quality models was considered as a base for measuring the quality of the architectural structure. The main elements of the gap model were transformed. The expected service changed to expected architectural quality, expected service converted to perceived architectural quality, and satisfying quality transformed into satisfying performance for users and employers. Then new gaps were proposed that were adapted to measure expected and perceived quality in architectural buildings. Thus, a framework was presented that measures the functional, formal, structural, and economic quality of the structure and provides an understanding of the expectations of the user and employer.
Mimarlık sergilendiği bağlamda, toplumsal yapı ve ekonomik koşullarda belirleyici bir rol sahibi ... more Mimarlık sergilendiği bağlamda, toplumsal yapı ve ekonomik koşullarda belirleyici bir rol sahibi olurken aynı zamanda onlardan etkilenen bir meslek alanı olmuştur. Türkiye’de 1980’li yıllardan itibaren inşaat sektörüne önem verilmiş, inşaat ülkenin başlıca gelir kaynaklarından biri olmuştur. Ancak 2000 ve 2008 krizlerinden bir şekilde sıyrılan inşaat sektörü, 2017 yılında yeniden küçülme dönemine girmiştir. Ancak ülkedeki mimarlık okulları sayısı 2007 yılından itibaren hızla artmış, bu sayı 2021 yılında 113’e ulaşmıştır. Sektördeki bu değişim bazı toplumsal sorunlara da neden olmuştur. Küçülen sektöre sayıca fazlalaşan mimarlık okulları eklendiğinde, mimarlıkta genç işsizlik ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunun bir sonucu olarak genç mimarlar ödemelerini alamama, sigortasız çalıştırılma, mobing, düşük çalışma ücretleri gibi sorunlarla karşılaşmışlardır. Bu sorunları ise sosyal medya platformlarında, düzenledikleri panel, çalıştay ve atölyelerde sıklıkla dile getirmişlerdir. Mimarlık mesleğindeki bu profil değişimi gazete haberlerinden de izlenmektedir. Daha önce mimarlık özenilen bir meslek olarak yansıtılırken, artık işsiz mimarların haber sayfalarına başlık olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durumun mimar adayları üzerinde de bir takım etkileri olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada genç mimarlar ve mimar adaylarının inşaat alanındaki yeri konu alınmıştır. İnşaat sektöründeki değişimin sonuçlarının neler olabileceği sunulmuştur. Genç mimarların sorunları ve sorunlarla başa çıkma yollarından söz edilmiştir. Ardından 2021 Ocak ayında mimarlık öğrencileri ile yapılan bir araştırma ile mimar adaylarının meslekten beklentileri ve geleceklerine dair görüşleri edinilmiştir. Bulgular 2018 verileri ile karşılaştırılarak sunulmuştur. Çalışma ile genç mimarları ve mimar adaylarını anlamaya çalışacak tartışmalara katkı sunmak amaçlanmıştır.
Ankara'da Bahçeşehri Aramak: SSK Genel Müdürlüğü Ankara Toplu İşçi Blokları İncelemesi, 2022
Diversity in urban life has been the subject of fields such as sociology, philosophy, and archite... more Diversity in urban life has been the subject of fields such as sociology, philosophy, and architecture. With the interdisciplinary studies of the sciences, it has been investigated how to construct a better life and how to eliminate the deficiencies in the current life. Solutions for planning cities are being sought. In this context, how should the "ideal city" be? the question has arisen. One of the proposed answers to this problem was Ebenezer Howard's idea called "Garden City". Garden City entered the literature in the 19th century and maintained its existence with interventions such as adaptation, translation and interpretation to the conditions of the period. In this study, Garden City was searched in Ankara by taking into account Jansen's interpretation of Garden City. The Garden City and H. Jansen relationship, the place of Jansen and Garden City in Ankara planning, and the workers' housing in Turkey were presented through literature research. Then, The General Directorate of Social Insurance Institution Ankara Collective Worker Blocks were selected for examining. The existing formal/spatial features of The General Directorate of Social Insurance Institution Ankara Collective Worker Blocks, which is thought to be an interpretation of Garden City, were documented with analyzes, and observations. Garden City fiction had been discussed on this residential area. As a result, The General Directorate of Social Insurance Institution Ankara Collective Worker Blocks was considered to be a interpretation that contains compatibility and inconsistency from Howard's Bahçesehir and Jansen's Garden City translation. In this study, it was aimed to draw attention to the importance of continuity of the building area as a non-metropolitan, plaza-free, breathing place, to keep the interpretations of Garden City on the agenda, to create an encouraging effect on documenting the existing interpretations. * Bu çalışma Uluslararası 'Jansen ve Ankara' Sempozyumu'da sunulan sözlü sunumun geliştirilmiş halidir. Daha önce hiçbir yerde yayınlanmamıştır.
International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology, 2017
The physical formation of city, where all members of society live, is created by non-living and t... more The physical formation of city, where all members of society live, is created by non-living and tangible elements such as buildings, roads, public squares, and vegetation. On the other hand, city acquires meaning by the existence of citizens, who reinvigorate it, their behaviours within the city and the interactions between them as well as with the city. The more the citizens are actively present in the streets, the more the city is a vivid and living place. There are many studies on vitality and liveability in urban spaces. In this study, urban vitality is defined according to the information gathered from previous researches. By scrutinizing the definitions of vitality made by Lynch and Jacobs, who are leading figures in the subject of research, social interaction, sense of belongingness, and security, inclusion of different functions, transformability, aesthetics and accessibility were identified as criteria determining the urban vitality. As a result of the study, it is asserted that the cities which bear these qualifications are liveable and vivid places which can maintain their existence.
The 21st century is known for globalisation and rapid transformations in technology. These transf... more The 21st century is known for globalisation and rapid transformations in technology. These transformations also affect architecture and the urban environment. Developing projections for the future of architecture is becoming more critical in this era, where the opportunities to adapt to rapid transformations are scarce. This study investigates how to develop future perspectives for the 21st century. Utopian speculations in the historical process and the 20th century's Futurism movement were examined in this regard. A collective and multi-future methodology has been developed as a unique approach. In this paper, a multifuture experimental study was conducted as a daily workshop. In the workshop, seven architecture students from various universities and different architectural education years studied possible future scenarios for Beşiktaş Fish Market. Students were tasked to produce designs in compliance with the chronological timeline of the future for the possible transformation...
From past to present, the evaluation of structures has been the subject of both academic studies ... more From past to present, the evaluation of structures has been the subject of both academic studies and practices through different systematic methods. One of these methods is the "Post Occupancy Evaluation". The method, whose first implementations date back to the 1960s, enables to process hard-to-evaluate data that is based on the dynamic structure of the user. It focuses on detecting the gaps between user satisfaction and physical environment. POE provides advantages in certain subjects such as comprehending the relationship among the use, attitude, and evaluation of the building performance, and making conscious decisions about the future building designs. In this study, a review was conducted about the definition and advantages of the "Post Occupancy Evaluation" as well as its introduction into the literature and its place in the literature. Subsequently, progressing further, the studies of this model in Turkey were presented. Concerning the studies conducted s...
The 21 st century is known for globalisation and rapid transformations in technology. These trans... more The 21 st century is known for globalisation and rapid transformations in technology. These transformations also affect architecture and the urban environment. Developing projections for the future of architecture is becoming more critical in this era, where the opportunities to adapt to rapid transformations are scarce. This study investigates how to develop future perspectives for the 21 st century. Utopian speculations in the historical process and the 20 th century's Futurism movement were examined in this regard. A collective and multi-future methodology has been developed as a unique approach. In this paper, a multifuture experimental study was conducted as a daily workshop. In the workshop, seven architecture students from various universities and different architectural education years studied possible future scenarios for Beşiktaş Fish Market. Students were tasked to produce designs in compliance with the chronological timeline of the future for the possible transformation of the Beşiktaş Fish Market. The market, designed by Gökhan Avcıoğlu and GAD in 2009, was accorded the 2012 International Architecture Award and 2014 Archmarathon Crowd. In light of the outcome products obtained from the workshop, it can be stated that a multi-future way of thinking and collective production contributes to imaginative free play in the architectural design process and is a proposal to architecture as a possible preparation for the future.
Mimarlık ve Yaşam Dergisi/Journal of Architecture and Life, 2020
Mosques are subject to academic studies and discussions in terms of their formal characteristics,... more Mosques are subject to academic studies and discussions in terms of their formal characteristics, usage patterns and their importance in architectural history. These studies are mostly debates on the formal search of the architects. Many architects and architectural critics were among the people that express their thoughts in this area. One of the prominent views claims that mosques should create a center that characterizes the immediate surroundings, social and public structure that creates a gathering place, and should be evaluated on the basis of monuments, landmarks and signs. It has been observed that the evaluations of the mosques mostly continue with the formal approaches of the experts. However, as with any architectural building, residents' comments are important in identifying and improving the deficiencies of buildings and developing architectural typology. Thus, spatial transformation will be made detectable due to changing uses. Ahmet Hamdi Akseki mosque, one of Ankara's protocol mosques, was examined in this paper. The evaluation of the mosque was obtained through a field study of 139 people within the scope of the post occupancy evaluation.The mosque has been examined in terms of its monuments, symbol and sign value, its central creation which qualifies its immediate surroundings, and its public structure which creates a meeting place in accordance with past and current uses of mosques. Thus, with the claim that the original owners of the buildings were the users, the deficiencies of Ahmet Hamdi Akseki mosque were determined and proposals were presented. This study with its reviews and evaluations it will bring diversity to the literature in mosque designs and emphasizes the importance of user expectations.
From past to present, the evaluation of structures has been the subject of both academic studies ... more From past to present, the evaluation of structures has been the subject of both academic studies and practices through different systematic methods. One of these methods is the "Post Occupancy Evaluation". The method, whose first implementations date back to the 1960s, enables to process hard-to-evaluate data that is based on the dynamic structure of the user. It focuses on detecting the gaps between user satisfaction and physical environment. POE provides advantages in certain subjects such as comprehending the relationship among the use, attitude, and evaluation of the building performance, and making conscious decisions about the future building designs. In this study, a review was conducted about the definition and advantages of the "Post Occupancy Evaluation" as well as its introduction into the literature and its place in the literature. Subsequently, progressing further, the studies of this model in Turkey were presented. Concerning the studies conducted since the evaluation was introduced into the academy in Turkey, the qualifications, objectives and types of buildings they focused on were cited. It was determined that the majority of the studies were conducted on several building types, and mainly focused on design evaluations, user evaluations, energy performance evaluations, and IEQ evaluations that are defined as the direct objectives of the POE studies. By evaluating the findings, the deficiencies were discovered in the implementation of the method in Turkey and the development of country-specific evaluation protocols, the importance of the evaluation method was emphasized, and the need to improve the deficiencies was stated.
Mimarlık çok yönlü düşünmeyi gerektiren, mimari, endüstriyel tasarım, iç tasarım ve peyzaj mimari... more Mimarlık çok yönlü düşünmeyi gerektiren, mimari, endüstriyel tasarım, iç tasarım ve peyzaj mimarisi ve mühendislik alanlarını içeren çok yönlü ve disiplinler arası bir meslektir. Mesleğini icra eden mimarın ise bu kompleks sistem içinde yeterli donanımda bireyler olarak yer alması ve nitelikli olarak yetiştirilmesi önemlidir. Değişen piyasa ve teknoloji koşulları inşaat projelerinin karmaşıklığını artırmış buna bağlı olarak mimarlık meslek alanına yan uzmanlık alanlarının gerekliliği görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda meslek pratikleri değişmiş; dolaylı olarak da mimarlık eğitimi ve öğrencilerin mesleki beklentileri de dönüşmüştür. Öğrencilerin eğitimden beklentileri; mimarlık mesleğinde erişmek istedikleri noktanın birer ifadesi, geleceklerinden beklentileri ve yaşam memnuniyetlerinin belirleyicisi olarak görülmektedir. Bu sebeple değişen mesleki pratikleri anlamak, mimarlık eğitimini geliştirmek, öğrencilerin beklenti ve isteklerini anlamak önemlidir. Çalışmada mimarlık eğitimi alan öğrencilerin; eğitim ve mesleki beklentilerini anlamak üzere 2018-2019 Eğitim Yılı Mimarlık Bölümü son sınıf derslerinden Yapım Yönetimi ve Ekonomisi dersini alan öğrenciler üzerinden bir saha çalışması yapılmıştır. Saha çalışması kapsamında öğrencilere; meslek seçimindeki etkenleri, mesleğin hangi alanında çalışmak istedikleri, mimarlık eğitiminde elde ettikleri hangi becerinin iş bulmalarında yardımcı olabileceği ve ilk işleri ile ilgili beklentileri hakkında sorular yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen cevaplar tanımlayıcı istatistik ile değerlendirilmiş; öne çıkan analiz bulguları çalışmada sunulmuştur. Çalışma ile mimarlık eğitiminin; öğrencinin mesleki becerilerinin gelişimi, mesleki beklentileri ve hatta yaşam memnuniyetine kadar birçok önemli unsura dokunduğu görülmüştür. Kişisel mesleki beklentilerin ve mimarlık eğitimdeki eksikliklerin belirlenmesinin; mesleki pratiklerin gelişiminde, mimarlık sektörünün sahiplenilmesinde ve eğitim modellerinin yenilenmesinde önemli olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Yapılan analiz, değerlendirme ve yorumları ile bu çalışma; ülkemizdeki mimarlık eğitimi ile ilgili literatüre katkı sunmaktadır.
CAMİLERİN İSKÂN SÜRECİNDE DEĞERLENDİRMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR YAKLAŞIM AN APPROACH TO POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION OF MOSQUES, 2019
Camiler toplumun sosyal ve kültürel niteliklerinin net olarak izlenilebildiği kamusal mekânlardan... more Camiler toplumun sosyal ve kültürel niteliklerinin net olarak izlenilebildiği kamusal mekânlardandır. Camiler tarihsel gelişimi içerisinde birçok fonksiyonu içerisinde barınmıştır. Günümüzde ise bu mekânlarda kullanıcıların sosyal ilişkilerini sürdürme, inanç, kültür ve eğitim gibi faaliyetlerini görmek mümkündür. Bu doğrultuda farklı araştırma çalışmalarının konusu olmaktadır. Camilerin mekânsal konforunun değerlendirilmesi; bu çalışmalardan biridir. Bu noktada iskân sürecinde değerlendirme bina-kullanıcı ilişkilerinin saptanması için sistematik bir değerlendirme yöntemi olarak geliştirilmiştir. İskân sürecinde değerlendirme çalışmaları ile yapılan değerlendirmelerle kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarına duyarlı yapılar elde edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Böylece mevcut yapıları iyileştirmek ve gelecekteki bina tasarımlarına veri sağlamak mümkün olmuştur. Bu çalışmaların amacına göre; yapılar salt bir mekân veya biçim olarak ele alınmamalıdır. Mekân içinde bulunan kullanıcısının üzerindeki etkileri ve onların memnuniyeti üzerinden değerlendirilmelidir. İlk örnekleri 1960'lara dayanan İskân sürecinde değerlendirme çalışmaların çoğunlukla birkaç bina tipi üzerine sınırlı bir alanda yürütüldüğü görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada ise; daha önce çok fazla ele alınmamış olan bir bina tipi olan camiler ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı ile Gazi Üniversitesi arasında yürütülen "Cami Planlama ve Tasarımı Projesi" kapsamında, Ocak-Mayıs 2019 aralığında uzmanlarla yapılan görüşmelerle, mevcut camilerdeki eksiklikler İskân sürecinde değerlendirme yöntemi ele alınarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmada akustik, aydınlatma, havalandırma ve sıhhi koşullar başlıklarındaki incelenmiştir. Bu başlıkların camilerde; mekânsal memnuniyeti belirleyen, doğru kullanılmasıyla toplumum yaşantısına destek olacak yapılı çevreleri oluşturduğu vurgulanmıştır. Uzmanlar bu başlıklarda görülen eksikliklerin nasıl giderilebileceği konusunda fikirlerini beyan etmiş; çalışmanın yürütücüleri konu hakkında sistematik yaklaşım sunmuşlardır. Böylece camilerde görülen sorunlara dair iyileştirme çalışmaları için bir altlık elde edilmiştir.
Mosques are one of the public places where the social and cultural qualities of the society can be clearly observed. Mosques have many functions in their historical development. Today, it is possible to see the activities of the users such as maintaining social relations, beliefs, culture and education in these places. In this respect, mosques are the subject of different research studies. Evaluations of spatial comfort of mosques; is one of these studies. At this point, post-occupancy evaluation is one of the methods that can be used for the evaluation of qualitative data on the comfort conditions of mosques. Post-occupancy evaluation has been developed as a systematic assessment method for determining building-user relationships. With post-occupancy evaluation studies, it is aimed to obtain buildings in conform to the users' needs. Thus, it is possible to improve existing buildings and provide data for future building designs. According to the purpose of these studies; buildings should not be considered as mere space or form. The effects on the user in the space and their satisfaction should be evaluated. The first examples of post-occupancy evaluation, dating back to the 1960s, were mostly carried out in a limited area of several building types. In this study; mosques, a type of building that has not been discussed much before is touched. Within the scope of the "Mosque Planning and Design Project" carried out between Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Presidency of Religious Affairs and Gazi University, the deficiencies in existing mosques were evaluated by interviews with experts between January-May 2019 meetings within post-occupancy evaluation method. In this study, acoustics, lighting, ventilation and sanitary conditions were examined. It is emphasized that these titles create built environments in mosques that determine spatial satisfaction and support society's life by utilizing them properly. Experts expressed their opinions on how to overcome the shortcomings in these topics; and the authors of the study presented a systematic approach on the subject. Thus, a base was obtained for improvement studies on the problems seen in mosques.
Çağdaş mimarlığın önde gelen isimlerinden biri olan Bernard Tschumi, modern mimarlık ile gündeme ... more Çağdaş mimarlığın önde gelen isimlerinden biri olan Bernard Tschumi, modern mimarlık ile gündeme gelen makine ve yapı arasındaki benzetmeye karşıt görüş olarak, mesleği üzerine düşüncelerini çoğunlukla; mekân, deneyim ve insan hareketleri üzerinden geliştirmiştir. Literatüre kazandırdığı "olay mimarlık" tanımı ile binanın; salt bir form olmadığını, içindeki kullanıcının varlığı ve aktivitesiyle anlam kazandığını vurgulamış, kullanıcı aktivitesi olan olayların oluşumunda ise; mimarın sadece koşulları sağlama görevini üstlenebileceğini, rastlantısal karşılaşma ve eylemlerle kullanıcıların kendi olayını yaratacağını savunmuştur. Tasarım, Tschumi için senaryonun kurgusudur ve rastlantısal buluşmalar bu kurguda boşluk ve vektör ilişkisinde önerilmektedir. Bu bağlamda Tschumi; arada-alan, akış ve vektörler, programsızlaştırma gibi kavramlar üretmiştir. Bu makalede; Tschumi'nin "olay mimarlık" kavramı üzerine yoğunlaşılarak, gereken potansiyelleri karşılamak için önerilen, hareketi yönlendirici merdiven, köprü, köprü-rampa, platform vektörleri ve bu elemanların içinde yer aldığı tanımlı boşluklar mercek altına alınmıştır. Le Fresnoy Art Center, School of Architecture Marne-la-Vallée, LernerHallStudent Center ve ANIMA Cultural Center örnekleri üzerinden yapılan inceleme sonucunda; mimarın söylemi ile tutarlı bir şekilde; benzer elemanları tekrar ederek farklı kurgularda bir araya getirdiği görülmektedir. Tasarlanan farklı kompozisyonlarda; rastlantısal karşılaşmaların ve dolayısıyla olay'ların gerçekleşme ihtimalinin arttırılması öngörülmüştür. Olay Tschumi'ye göre yaratılabilen değil, ancak koşullanabilen bir olgudur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bernard Tschumi, olay, olay mimarlık, arada-alan, programsızlaştırma. ABSTRACT Bernard Tschumi, one of the leading figures of the contemporary architecture, developed his ideas mostly on space, experience and human movements as opposed to the analogy between machine and building that was brought by the modern architecture. The concept of event architecture, that he introduced to the architectural literature emphasizes that a building is not only a form but gain meaning with the presence and activity of the user inside of it. About the events, that is the user activity, he defended that architect can only facilitate the conditions; users would generate their own events with the aid of encounters and activities. For Tschumi, design is the fiction of the scenario and encounters, in this fiction, random meetings are proposed in relation to void and vectors. In this regard, Tschumi produced certain concepts such as in-between, flow and vectors and dis-programming. Focusing on Tschumi's concept of "event architecture", the paper analyses the suggested vectors of stair, bridge, bridge-ramp, and platform and the voids in which these vectors are located to meet the potentials needed and to divert the movement. As a result of the inquiry on the examples of Le Fresnoy Art Center, School of Architecture Marne-la-Vallée, Lerner Hall Student Center and ANIMA Cultural Center, it was revealed that the architect, as consistent with his discourse, repeated and brought together similar elements in different fictions. It was anticipated that in various compositions designed, the probability of encounters and therefore events to take place would increase. According to Tschumi event is a fact which cannot be created but conditioned.
Beyond Technical Specs: Using AHP to Prioritize User Needs in Turkish Basketball Arena Designs, 2024
Basketball arenas are crucial spaces that must meet specific standards to ensure the sustainabili... more Basketball arenas are crucial spaces that must meet specific standards to ensure the sustainability of the sport and the quality of play. While Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) assesses these standards, it often assumes that all performance indicators are equally important, potentially leading to a gap between design intent and actual user experience. This study aims to bridge this gap by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize evaluation criteria for Turkish professional basketball arenas designed for national and international matches, regional/local competitions, and training programs. Existing studies and reports indicate that basketball arenas in Turkey often fall short in meeting necessary physical requirements and exhibit performance deficiencies. To address this gap, this study identifies factors determining arena performance, categorized as technical, functional, and behavioral based on Preiser's framework. These criteria were further categorized according to different spaces within the arena, including general use areas, administrative spaces, and athlete-specific areas. A panel of expert sports facility design professionals provided judgments about the relative importance of these criteria using pairwise comparisons. The AHP method was then employed to calculate priority weights for each criterion. The results reveal the relative importance of different criteria for each space. For example, in general use areas, "furniture suitability/sufficiency" and "provision of ergonomic conditions for the disabled" ranked highest. In administrative spaces, "fire protection" and "accessibility" were deemed most important, while in athlete-specific areas, "visual and auditory privacy" and "security" took precedence. This study demonstrates the potential of AHP for developing a systematic and reliable framework for qualitative evaluations that measure user satisfaction. AHP-based evaluation models offer a valuable tool for architects, facility managers, and decision-makers to assess architectural design quality, prioritize design criteria, and support user-centered design processes.
A new measure was proposed to compare qualitative data from POE studies in basketball halls, addr... more A new measure was proposed to compare qualitative data from POE studies in basketball halls, addressing the challenge of comparing experiential performance.. The measure incorporates the perspectives of key decision-makers involved in different stages of the building's lifecycle, the designer, facility manager, and sports manager.. The perspectives are integrated using the SWARA method, enhancing the comprehensiveness of the evaluation.. The validity of the proposed measure was tested through a field study, demonstrating its effectiveness in enabling the comparison of experiential qualitative data.
International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology, 2017
The physical formation of city, where all members of society live, is created by non-living and ... more The physical formation of city, where all members of society live, is created by non-living and tangible elements such as buildings, roads, public squares, and vegetation. On the other hand, city acquires meaning by the existence of citizens, who reinvigorate it, their behaviours within the city and the interactions between them as well as with the city. The more the citizens are actively present in the streets, the more the city is a vivid and living place. There are many studies on vitality and liveability in urban spaces. In this study, urban vitality is defined according to the information gathered from previous researches. By scrutinizing the definitions of vitality made by Lynch and Jacobs, who are leading figures in the subject of research, social interaction, sense of belongingness, and security, inclusion of different functions, transformability, aesthetics and accessibility were identified as criteria determining the urban vitality. As a result of the study, it is asserte...
Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi
Kalite, bir ürünün niteliği veya uygunluğu üzerinden anılmaktadır. Yapılı çevrede kalite ise fonk... more Kalite, bir ürünün niteliği veya uygunluğu üzerinden anılmaktadır. Yapılı çevrede kalite ise fonksiyonel, formal, yapısal ve ekonomik olmak üzere dört ana başlıkta ele alınmaktadır. Fonksiyonel kalite, mekânın planlanması, değeri, kullanım biçimleri, mekânlar arası ilişkileri, erişilebilirliği, esnekliği, dönüşebilirliği, kullanıcıların mekânsal memnuniyet algılarını, kullanıcıların mekânı kullanım biçimlerini; formal kalite, estetik, algı (kültürel değerler ve bilişsel etkenler), semiyotik anlamlar, çağa uygunluk, bağlamı ile uyumluluk gibi başlıkları; yapısal kalitenin, strüktür tasarımı, sağlamlık, uygun malzeme ve yapım tekniğini, sürdürülebilir-çevre dostu olma özelliğini; ekonomik kalite ise, planlama bütçesini, inşa bütçesini, işletme bütçesini, yatırım değerini kapsamaktadır. Bir yapının kaliteli olup olmadığının saptanması, bu başlıkların değerlendirme odaklı bir yaklaşımla ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada ise hizmet sağlayıcının tüketici arzularını bilmesini s...
Gap model approach for measuring quality in architecture/Mimarlıkta kalite ölçümüne yönelik boşluk modeli yaklaşımı, 2023
In the built environment, quality contains functional, formal, structural, and economic aspects. ... more In the built environment, quality contains functional, formal, structural, and economic aspects. Functional quality includes space planning, value, usage styles, inter-space relations, accessibility, flexibility, transformability, spatial satisfaction perceptions of the users, and the way users use the space. Formal quality contains aesthetics, perception (cultural values and cognitive factors), adaptability to the age, and compatibility with the context. Structural quality involves the structural design, durability, appropriate materials and construction techniques, sustainable-environmental friendliness, and lastly economic quality comprises the planning budget, construction budget, operating budget, and investment value. Determining whether a building is of quality requires an evaluation. In this study, the gap model, one of the service quality models was considered as a base for measuring the quality of the architectural structure. The main elements of the gap model were transformed. The expected service changed to expected architectural quality, expected service converted to perceived architectural quality, and satisfying quality transformed into satisfying performance for users and employers. Then new gaps were proposed that were adapted to measure expected and perceived quality in architectural buildings. Thus, a framework was presented that measures the functional, formal, structural, and economic quality of the structure and provides an understanding of the expectations of the user and employer.
Mimarlık sergilendiği bağlamda, toplumsal yapı ve ekonomik koşullarda belirleyici bir rol sahibi ... more Mimarlık sergilendiği bağlamda, toplumsal yapı ve ekonomik koşullarda belirleyici bir rol sahibi olurken aynı zamanda onlardan etkilenen bir meslek alanı olmuştur. Türkiye’de 1980’li yıllardan itibaren inşaat sektörüne önem verilmiş, inşaat ülkenin başlıca gelir kaynaklarından biri olmuştur. Ancak 2000 ve 2008 krizlerinden bir şekilde sıyrılan inşaat sektörü, 2017 yılında yeniden küçülme dönemine girmiştir. Ancak ülkedeki mimarlık okulları sayısı 2007 yılından itibaren hızla artmış, bu sayı 2021 yılında 113’e ulaşmıştır. Sektördeki bu değişim bazı toplumsal sorunlara da neden olmuştur. Küçülen sektöre sayıca fazlalaşan mimarlık okulları eklendiğinde, mimarlıkta genç işsizlik ortaya çıkmıştır. Bunun bir sonucu olarak genç mimarlar ödemelerini alamama, sigortasız çalıştırılma, mobing, düşük çalışma ücretleri gibi sorunlarla karşılaşmışlardır. Bu sorunları ise sosyal medya platformlarında, düzenledikleri panel, çalıştay ve atölyelerde sıklıkla dile getirmişlerdir. Mimarlık mesleğindeki bu profil değişimi gazete haberlerinden de izlenmektedir. Daha önce mimarlık özenilen bir meslek olarak yansıtılırken, artık işsiz mimarların haber sayfalarına başlık olduğu görülmektedir. Bu durumun mimar adayları üzerinde de bir takım etkileri olacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada genç mimarlar ve mimar adaylarının inşaat alanındaki yeri konu alınmıştır. İnşaat sektöründeki değişimin sonuçlarının neler olabileceği sunulmuştur. Genç mimarların sorunları ve sorunlarla başa çıkma yollarından söz edilmiştir. Ardından 2021 Ocak ayında mimarlık öğrencileri ile yapılan bir araştırma ile mimar adaylarının meslekten beklentileri ve geleceklerine dair görüşleri edinilmiştir. Bulgular 2018 verileri ile karşılaştırılarak sunulmuştur. Çalışma ile genç mimarları ve mimar adaylarını anlamaya çalışacak tartışmalara katkı sunmak amaçlanmıştır.
Ankara'da Bahçeşehri Aramak: SSK Genel Müdürlüğü Ankara Toplu İşçi Blokları İncelemesi, 2022
Diversity in urban life has been the subject of fields such as sociology, philosophy, and archite... more Diversity in urban life has been the subject of fields such as sociology, philosophy, and architecture. With the interdisciplinary studies of the sciences, it has been investigated how to construct a better life and how to eliminate the deficiencies in the current life. Solutions for planning cities are being sought. In this context, how should the "ideal city" be? the question has arisen. One of the proposed answers to this problem was Ebenezer Howard's idea called "Garden City". Garden City entered the literature in the 19th century and maintained its existence with interventions such as adaptation, translation and interpretation to the conditions of the period. In this study, Garden City was searched in Ankara by taking into account Jansen's interpretation of Garden City. The Garden City and H. Jansen relationship, the place of Jansen and Garden City in Ankara planning, and the workers' housing in Turkey were presented through literature research. Then, The General Directorate of Social Insurance Institution Ankara Collective Worker Blocks were selected for examining. The existing formal/spatial features of The General Directorate of Social Insurance Institution Ankara Collective Worker Blocks, which is thought to be an interpretation of Garden City, were documented with analyzes, and observations. Garden City fiction had been discussed on this residential area. As a result, The General Directorate of Social Insurance Institution Ankara Collective Worker Blocks was considered to be a interpretation that contains compatibility and inconsistency from Howard's Bahçesehir and Jansen's Garden City translation. In this study, it was aimed to draw attention to the importance of continuity of the building area as a non-metropolitan, plaza-free, breathing place, to keep the interpretations of Garden City on the agenda, to create an encouraging effect on documenting the existing interpretations. * Bu çalışma Uluslararası 'Jansen ve Ankara' Sempozyumu'da sunulan sözlü sunumun geliştirilmiş halidir. Daha önce hiçbir yerde yayınlanmamıştır.
International Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology, 2017
The physical formation of city, where all members of society live, is created by non-living and t... more The physical formation of city, where all members of society live, is created by non-living and tangible elements such as buildings, roads, public squares, and vegetation. On the other hand, city acquires meaning by the existence of citizens, who reinvigorate it, their behaviours within the city and the interactions between them as well as with the city. The more the citizens are actively present in the streets, the more the city is a vivid and living place. There are many studies on vitality and liveability in urban spaces. In this study, urban vitality is defined according to the information gathered from previous researches. By scrutinizing the definitions of vitality made by Lynch and Jacobs, who are leading figures in the subject of research, social interaction, sense of belongingness, and security, inclusion of different functions, transformability, aesthetics and accessibility were identified as criteria determining the urban vitality. As a result of the study, it is asserted that the cities which bear these qualifications are liveable and vivid places which can maintain their existence.
The 21st century is known for globalisation and rapid transformations in technology. These transf... more The 21st century is known for globalisation and rapid transformations in technology. These transformations also affect architecture and the urban environment. Developing projections for the future of architecture is becoming more critical in this era, where the opportunities to adapt to rapid transformations are scarce. This study investigates how to develop future perspectives for the 21st century. Utopian speculations in the historical process and the 20th century's Futurism movement were examined in this regard. A collective and multi-future methodology has been developed as a unique approach. In this paper, a multifuture experimental study was conducted as a daily workshop. In the workshop, seven architecture students from various universities and different architectural education years studied possible future scenarios for Beşiktaş Fish Market. Students were tasked to produce designs in compliance with the chronological timeline of the future for the possible transformation...
From past to present, the evaluation of structures has been the subject of both academic studies ... more From past to present, the evaluation of structures has been the subject of both academic studies and practices through different systematic methods. One of these methods is the "Post Occupancy Evaluation". The method, whose first implementations date back to the 1960s, enables to process hard-to-evaluate data that is based on the dynamic structure of the user. It focuses on detecting the gaps between user satisfaction and physical environment. POE provides advantages in certain subjects such as comprehending the relationship among the use, attitude, and evaluation of the building performance, and making conscious decisions about the future building designs. In this study, a review was conducted about the definition and advantages of the "Post Occupancy Evaluation" as well as its introduction into the literature and its place in the literature. Subsequently, progressing further, the studies of this model in Turkey were presented. Concerning the studies conducted s...
The 21 st century is known for globalisation and rapid transformations in technology. These trans... more The 21 st century is known for globalisation and rapid transformations in technology. These transformations also affect architecture and the urban environment. Developing projections for the future of architecture is becoming more critical in this era, where the opportunities to adapt to rapid transformations are scarce. This study investigates how to develop future perspectives for the 21 st century. Utopian speculations in the historical process and the 20 th century's Futurism movement were examined in this regard. A collective and multi-future methodology has been developed as a unique approach. In this paper, a multifuture experimental study was conducted as a daily workshop. In the workshop, seven architecture students from various universities and different architectural education years studied possible future scenarios for Beşiktaş Fish Market. Students were tasked to produce designs in compliance with the chronological timeline of the future for the possible transformation of the Beşiktaş Fish Market. The market, designed by Gökhan Avcıoğlu and GAD in 2009, was accorded the 2012 International Architecture Award and 2014 Archmarathon Crowd. In light of the outcome products obtained from the workshop, it can be stated that a multi-future way of thinking and collective production contributes to imaginative free play in the architectural design process and is a proposal to architecture as a possible preparation for the future.
Mimarlık ve Yaşam Dergisi/Journal of Architecture and Life, 2020
Mosques are subject to academic studies and discussions in terms of their formal characteristics,... more Mosques are subject to academic studies and discussions in terms of their formal characteristics, usage patterns and their importance in architectural history. These studies are mostly debates on the formal search of the architects. Many architects and architectural critics were among the people that express their thoughts in this area. One of the prominent views claims that mosques should create a center that characterizes the immediate surroundings, social and public structure that creates a gathering place, and should be evaluated on the basis of monuments, landmarks and signs. It has been observed that the evaluations of the mosques mostly continue with the formal approaches of the experts. However, as with any architectural building, residents' comments are important in identifying and improving the deficiencies of buildings and developing architectural typology. Thus, spatial transformation will be made detectable due to changing uses. Ahmet Hamdi Akseki mosque, one of Ankara's protocol mosques, was examined in this paper. The evaluation of the mosque was obtained through a field study of 139 people within the scope of the post occupancy evaluation.The mosque has been examined in terms of its monuments, symbol and sign value, its central creation which qualifies its immediate surroundings, and its public structure which creates a meeting place in accordance with past and current uses of mosques. Thus, with the claim that the original owners of the buildings were the users, the deficiencies of Ahmet Hamdi Akseki mosque were determined and proposals were presented. This study with its reviews and evaluations it will bring diversity to the literature in mosque designs and emphasizes the importance of user expectations.
From past to present, the evaluation of structures has been the subject of both academic studies ... more From past to present, the evaluation of structures has been the subject of both academic studies and practices through different systematic methods. One of these methods is the "Post Occupancy Evaluation". The method, whose first implementations date back to the 1960s, enables to process hard-to-evaluate data that is based on the dynamic structure of the user. It focuses on detecting the gaps between user satisfaction and physical environment. POE provides advantages in certain subjects such as comprehending the relationship among the use, attitude, and evaluation of the building performance, and making conscious decisions about the future building designs. In this study, a review was conducted about the definition and advantages of the "Post Occupancy Evaluation" as well as its introduction into the literature and its place in the literature. Subsequently, progressing further, the studies of this model in Turkey were presented. Concerning the studies conducted since the evaluation was introduced into the academy in Turkey, the qualifications, objectives and types of buildings they focused on were cited. It was determined that the majority of the studies were conducted on several building types, and mainly focused on design evaluations, user evaluations, energy performance evaluations, and IEQ evaluations that are defined as the direct objectives of the POE studies. By evaluating the findings, the deficiencies were discovered in the implementation of the method in Turkey and the development of country-specific evaluation protocols, the importance of the evaluation method was emphasized, and the need to improve the deficiencies was stated.
Mimarlık çok yönlü düşünmeyi gerektiren, mimari, endüstriyel tasarım, iç tasarım ve peyzaj mimari... more Mimarlık çok yönlü düşünmeyi gerektiren, mimari, endüstriyel tasarım, iç tasarım ve peyzaj mimarisi ve mühendislik alanlarını içeren çok yönlü ve disiplinler arası bir meslektir. Mesleğini icra eden mimarın ise bu kompleks sistem içinde yeterli donanımda bireyler olarak yer alması ve nitelikli olarak yetiştirilmesi önemlidir. Değişen piyasa ve teknoloji koşulları inşaat projelerinin karmaşıklığını artırmış buna bağlı olarak mimarlık meslek alanına yan uzmanlık alanlarının gerekliliği görülmeye başlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda meslek pratikleri değişmiş; dolaylı olarak da mimarlık eğitimi ve öğrencilerin mesleki beklentileri de dönüşmüştür. Öğrencilerin eğitimden beklentileri; mimarlık mesleğinde erişmek istedikleri noktanın birer ifadesi, geleceklerinden beklentileri ve yaşam memnuniyetlerinin belirleyicisi olarak görülmektedir. Bu sebeple değişen mesleki pratikleri anlamak, mimarlık eğitimini geliştirmek, öğrencilerin beklenti ve isteklerini anlamak önemlidir. Çalışmada mimarlık eğitimi alan öğrencilerin; eğitim ve mesleki beklentilerini anlamak üzere 2018-2019 Eğitim Yılı Mimarlık Bölümü son sınıf derslerinden Yapım Yönetimi ve Ekonomisi dersini alan öğrenciler üzerinden bir saha çalışması yapılmıştır. Saha çalışması kapsamında öğrencilere; meslek seçimindeki etkenleri, mesleğin hangi alanında çalışmak istedikleri, mimarlık eğitiminde elde ettikleri hangi becerinin iş bulmalarında yardımcı olabileceği ve ilk işleri ile ilgili beklentileri hakkında sorular yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen cevaplar tanımlayıcı istatistik ile değerlendirilmiş; öne çıkan analiz bulguları çalışmada sunulmuştur. Çalışma ile mimarlık eğitiminin; öğrencinin mesleki becerilerinin gelişimi, mesleki beklentileri ve hatta yaşam memnuniyetine kadar birçok önemli unsura dokunduğu görülmüştür. Kişisel mesleki beklentilerin ve mimarlık eğitimdeki eksikliklerin belirlenmesinin; mesleki pratiklerin gelişiminde, mimarlık sektörünün sahiplenilmesinde ve eğitim modellerinin yenilenmesinde önemli olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Yapılan analiz, değerlendirme ve yorumları ile bu çalışma; ülkemizdeki mimarlık eğitimi ile ilgili literatüre katkı sunmaktadır.
CAMİLERİN İSKÂN SÜRECİNDE DEĞERLENDİRMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR YAKLAŞIM AN APPROACH TO POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION OF MOSQUES, 2019
Camiler toplumun sosyal ve kültürel niteliklerinin net olarak izlenilebildiği kamusal mekânlardan... more Camiler toplumun sosyal ve kültürel niteliklerinin net olarak izlenilebildiği kamusal mekânlardandır. Camiler tarihsel gelişimi içerisinde birçok fonksiyonu içerisinde barınmıştır. Günümüzde ise bu mekânlarda kullanıcıların sosyal ilişkilerini sürdürme, inanç, kültür ve eğitim gibi faaliyetlerini görmek mümkündür. Bu doğrultuda farklı araştırma çalışmalarının konusu olmaktadır. Camilerin mekânsal konforunun değerlendirilmesi; bu çalışmalardan biridir. Bu noktada iskân sürecinde değerlendirme bina-kullanıcı ilişkilerinin saptanması için sistematik bir değerlendirme yöntemi olarak geliştirilmiştir. İskân sürecinde değerlendirme çalışmaları ile yapılan değerlendirmelerle kullanıcı ihtiyaçlarına duyarlı yapılar elde edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Böylece mevcut yapıları iyileştirmek ve gelecekteki bina tasarımlarına veri sağlamak mümkün olmuştur. Bu çalışmaların amacına göre; yapılar salt bir mekân veya biçim olarak ele alınmamalıdır. Mekân içinde bulunan kullanıcısının üzerindeki etkileri ve onların memnuniyeti üzerinden değerlendirilmelidir. İlk örnekleri 1960'lara dayanan İskân sürecinde değerlendirme çalışmaların çoğunlukla birkaç bina tipi üzerine sınırlı bir alanda yürütüldüğü görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada ise; daha önce çok fazla ele alınmamış olan bir bina tipi olan camiler ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı ile Gazi Üniversitesi arasında yürütülen "Cami Planlama ve Tasarımı Projesi" kapsamında, Ocak-Mayıs 2019 aralığında uzmanlarla yapılan görüşmelerle, mevcut camilerdeki eksiklikler İskân sürecinde değerlendirme yöntemi ele alınarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmada akustik, aydınlatma, havalandırma ve sıhhi koşullar başlıklarındaki incelenmiştir. Bu başlıkların camilerde; mekânsal memnuniyeti belirleyen, doğru kullanılmasıyla toplumum yaşantısına destek olacak yapılı çevreleri oluşturduğu vurgulanmıştır. Uzmanlar bu başlıklarda görülen eksikliklerin nasıl giderilebileceği konusunda fikirlerini beyan etmiş; çalışmanın yürütücüleri konu hakkında sistematik yaklaşım sunmuşlardır. Böylece camilerde görülen sorunlara dair iyileştirme çalışmaları için bir altlık elde edilmiştir.
Mosques are one of the public places where the social and cultural qualities of the society can be clearly observed. Mosques have many functions in their historical development. Today, it is possible to see the activities of the users such as maintaining social relations, beliefs, culture and education in these places. In this respect, mosques are the subject of different research studies. Evaluations of spatial comfort of mosques; is one of these studies. At this point, post-occupancy evaluation is one of the methods that can be used for the evaluation of qualitative data on the comfort conditions of mosques. Post-occupancy evaluation has been developed as a systematic assessment method for determining building-user relationships. With post-occupancy evaluation studies, it is aimed to obtain buildings in conform to the users' needs. Thus, it is possible to improve existing buildings and provide data for future building designs. According to the purpose of these studies; buildings should not be considered as mere space or form. The effects on the user in the space and their satisfaction should be evaluated. The first examples of post-occupancy evaluation, dating back to the 1960s, were mostly carried out in a limited area of several building types. In this study; mosques, a type of building that has not been discussed much before is touched. Within the scope of the "Mosque Planning and Design Project" carried out between Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Presidency of Religious Affairs and Gazi University, the deficiencies in existing mosques were evaluated by interviews with experts between January-May 2019 meetings within post-occupancy evaluation method. In this study, acoustics, lighting, ventilation and sanitary conditions were examined. It is emphasized that these titles create built environments in mosques that determine spatial satisfaction and support society's life by utilizing them properly. Experts expressed their opinions on how to overcome the shortcomings in these topics; and the authors of the study presented a systematic approach on the subject. Thus, a base was obtained for improvement studies on the problems seen in mosques.
Çağdaş mimarlığın önde gelen isimlerinden biri olan Bernard Tschumi, modern mimarlık ile gündeme ... more Çağdaş mimarlığın önde gelen isimlerinden biri olan Bernard Tschumi, modern mimarlık ile gündeme gelen makine ve yapı arasındaki benzetmeye karşıt görüş olarak, mesleği üzerine düşüncelerini çoğunlukla; mekân, deneyim ve insan hareketleri üzerinden geliştirmiştir. Literatüre kazandırdığı "olay mimarlık" tanımı ile binanın; salt bir form olmadığını, içindeki kullanıcının varlığı ve aktivitesiyle anlam kazandığını vurgulamış, kullanıcı aktivitesi olan olayların oluşumunda ise; mimarın sadece koşulları sağlama görevini üstlenebileceğini, rastlantısal karşılaşma ve eylemlerle kullanıcıların kendi olayını yaratacağını savunmuştur. Tasarım, Tschumi için senaryonun kurgusudur ve rastlantısal buluşmalar bu kurguda boşluk ve vektör ilişkisinde önerilmektedir. Bu bağlamda Tschumi; arada-alan, akış ve vektörler, programsızlaştırma gibi kavramlar üretmiştir. Bu makalede; Tschumi'nin "olay mimarlık" kavramı üzerine yoğunlaşılarak, gereken potansiyelleri karşılamak için önerilen, hareketi yönlendirici merdiven, köprü, köprü-rampa, platform vektörleri ve bu elemanların içinde yer aldığı tanımlı boşluklar mercek altına alınmıştır. Le Fresnoy Art Center, School of Architecture Marne-la-Vallée, LernerHallStudent Center ve ANIMA Cultural Center örnekleri üzerinden yapılan inceleme sonucunda; mimarın söylemi ile tutarlı bir şekilde; benzer elemanları tekrar ederek farklı kurgularda bir araya getirdiği görülmektedir. Tasarlanan farklı kompozisyonlarda; rastlantısal karşılaşmaların ve dolayısıyla olay'ların gerçekleşme ihtimalinin arttırılması öngörülmüştür. Olay Tschumi'ye göre yaratılabilen değil, ancak koşullanabilen bir olgudur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Bernard Tschumi, olay, olay mimarlık, arada-alan, programsızlaştırma. ABSTRACT Bernard Tschumi, one of the leading figures of the contemporary architecture, developed his ideas mostly on space, experience and human movements as opposed to the analogy between machine and building that was brought by the modern architecture. The concept of event architecture, that he introduced to the architectural literature emphasizes that a building is not only a form but gain meaning with the presence and activity of the user inside of it. About the events, that is the user activity, he defended that architect can only facilitate the conditions; users would generate their own events with the aid of encounters and activities. For Tschumi, design is the fiction of the scenario and encounters, in this fiction, random meetings are proposed in relation to void and vectors. In this regard, Tschumi produced certain concepts such as in-between, flow and vectors and dis-programming. Focusing on Tschumi's concept of "event architecture", the paper analyses the suggested vectors of stair, bridge, bridge-ramp, and platform and the voids in which these vectors are located to meet the potentials needed and to divert the movement. As a result of the inquiry on the examples of Le Fresnoy Art Center, School of Architecture Marne-la-Vallée, Lerner Hall Student Center and ANIMA Cultural Center, it was revealed that the architect, as consistent with his discourse, repeated and brought together similar elements in different fictions. It was anticipated that in various compositions designed, the probability of encounters and therefore events to take place would increase. According to Tschumi event is a fact which cannot be created but conditioned.
Kentsel mekanlarda her grup kullanıcının fiziksel ve sosyal ihtiyaçları karşılık bulmalıdır. Bunu... more Kentsel mekanlarda her grup kullanıcının fiziksel ve sosyal ihtiyaçları karşılık bulmalıdır. Bununla birlikte, her yaş grubunun mekânsal ihtiyaçlarının farklı olduğu ve kentten eşit bir şekilde yararlanamadığı da bilinmektedir. Günümüz şartlarında çocuk ihtiyaçlarının kentsel açık alanlardan çok kapalı alanlar ile karşılanmaya çalışıldığı ve çocukların açık alan oyunlarından ve kentin kullanımından uzak kaldığı izlenmektedir. Oysa çocuk kullanıcılar da yetişkinler kadar kent üzerinde hak sahibidir, ayrıca çocuk gelişiminde fiziksel çevrenin önemi büyüktür. Bu çalışmada hakkı olduğu üzere çocuğu kent hayatına yeniden dahil edebilmek için ne tür planlama ve tasarım çalışmaları yapılması gerektiği tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kentsel mekan, katılım hakkı, fiziksel çevre, çocuk gelişimi. Abstract The physical and social needs of every user group in the urban space must be corresponded. It is known that each age group have different spatial needs and can not get benefit from the city life equally. The effects of physical environment in child development is important, but in present conditions, of children's needs to be met with indoor spaces rather than open public areas. In today's conditions, the needs of children are tried to meet in indoor spaces rather than open spaces and children keep away from the city and games playing in outdoor spaces. Children have a right to participate city life as much as adults, also the physical environment has great importance in child development. In this study, what kind of planning and desinging studies needed were discussed and presented recommendations in order to enable children to re-join city life.
Mosques are defined as religious buildings and researchers from different sciences, such as archi... more Mosques are defined as religious buildings and researchers from different sciences, such as architects, art historians and theologians, are of interest. The spatial and psychological characteristics of worship areas such as the interaction between the users, providing enough space for the worshiping behavior and other potential uses may be the subject of the academic studies of the mosques in the field of architecture. Mosques are the basic place of worship of the community in Islam, however, the mosque community is mostly composed of male users. Female users are uncomfortable with male dominated use and the comfort conditions of places reserved for women who are trying to raise awareness in order to improve this situation. However, sufficient academic studies have not been reached in Turkey for female oriented design for mosques. In these conditions, the necessity of evaluating the comfort conditions of mosques according to gender comes to the agenda. A field study was conducted with the Ankara Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Mosque users in Ankara. The comfort conditions of the mosque were examined according to gender. Thus, the trust and safety perception of the individuals in different profiles, the deficiencies of the mosque in the worship part of the mosque were identified. Due to the data obtained, the psychological and physical qualities of mosques affecting the users were determined. As a result of the study, it was seen that the mosques should provide the necessary physiological and psychological conditions appropriate to the needs of female users. With this study, it is aimed to provide the user satisfaction, to obtain structures in which function and space conditions will overlap, to increase the comfort conditions of places of worship and to contribute to the typologies of mosques in the future.
Kentte Devletin Ayak İzi: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Millet Bahçesi, 2019
Kentsel mekânlar toplumu oluşturan bireylerin yaşam biçimini, davranışlarını aktaran bir sahnedir... more Kentsel mekânlar toplumu oluşturan bireylerin yaşam biçimini, davranışlarını aktaran bir sahnedir. Bu alanlar her ne kadar kullanıcının faaliyetleri üzerinden anılsa da biçimlenmesinde belirleyici olan faktörlerden biri devlettir. Dolayısı ile bu alanların mekânsal biçimlenmeleri, kullanımları ideolojik unsurlarla şekil almaktadır. Geçmişten günümüze ideolojinin mekâna etkisi ve ideolojik mekânların üretimi üzerine örnekler daha önce yapılan araştırmalarla sunulmuştur. Bu çalışmada ise; Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı'na bağlı Toplu Konut İdaresi Başkanlığı aracılığıyla projelendirilen, millet bahçeleri projelerinden biri, "Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Millet Bahçesi"; ideolojik, ekonomik, toplumsal ve işlevsel unsurlar üzerinden ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında öncelikle; kentsel mekân ve ideoloji arasındaki ilişki kapsamlı bir literatür okuması ile sunulmuştur. İdeolojinin mekânsal stratejilerde kullanılmasının amaçları açıklanmıştır. Millet Bahçesi projelerinin yetkililerce açıklanan hedeflenen mekânsal öngörüleri aktarılmıştır. "Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Millet Bahçesi" Projesinin tanımı, sınırlılıkları, içereceği birimler ve henüz inşa edilmeden dile getirilen eleştirileri sunulmuştur. Kentsel alana yapılan müdahalelerde belirleyici olan ideolojik, ekonomik, toplumsal ve işlevsel unsurlar kapsamında, Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Millet Bahçesi'nin inşasının ardından gerçekleşebilecek gelecek senaryoları tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada sözü edilen senaryoların hangisinin gerçek olacağı bilinmemekle birlikte, bu mekânın ikame edilen bir yer ya da bir mekân temsili olacağı hakkındaki kararı kent kullanıcısı verecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kentsel mekân, ideoloji ve mimarlık, millet bahçeleri, Ankara.
Kaybolmakta Olan Bir Hafıza Mekanının Tüketim Öyküsü: Maltepe Pazarı/Ankara, 2018
Günümüzde kentleşme olgusunun dinamikleri tartışılırken öne çıkan iki kavram, kentsel değişim ve ... more Günümüzde kentleşme olgusunun dinamikleri tartışılırken öne çıkan iki kavram, kentsel değişim ve dönüşüm arkasında kentsel bellek, kimlik, kültür ve aidiyet gibi kavramların daha fazla sorgulandığı ve sorunsallaştığı bir ortam bırakır. Bazen bu dönüşüm sırasında yerinden edilen hafıza mekanları kentli ve kent arasındaki dinamiklerin değişmesine neden olmakta, bu da kent kültürü, aidiyet, gündelik yaşam pratikleri gibi kavramların farklı perspektiflerden ele alınmasına olanak tanımaktadır. Kentlerdeki kamusal alanlar; sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel ve mekansal birçok kavramı içeren çok parametreli bir araştırmanın konusudur. Bu kavramlar mimarlık, kentsel tasarım, kent sosyolojisi, kent kültürü, kent tarihi, gibi farklı alanlarda ele alınabilen çok boyutlu ve disiplinler arası bir dinamiği barındırır. Bu bağlamda kent biçimlenmesi, mekansal örgütlenme, mekan-kullanıcı ilişkileri, kullanıcılar arası etkileşimleri, sosyal grupların davranışları incelenmektedir. Kentlinin gündelik yaşam pratikleri kentsel kamusal mekanları biçimlendirdiği gibi onların sürdürülmesini de sağlar. Bu ilişkide mimari mekan ve kullanıcıları sürekli değişen ve dönüşen bir etkileşim içerisindedir. Mimarlık değişen kültürel ve sosyal süreçlerden etkilendiği için sürekli iletişim dilini değiştirir. Bireyler ait oldukları toplumun değerler sistemi içerisinde yaşarlar ve belirli kültürel normları ve sosyal ilişkileri vardır. Gündelik yaşam pratikleri bu normlar ve değerler çerçevesinde mekanı yeniden üretir. Bu üretim zaman içerisinde kentsel belleğin ve kültürün oluşmasını sağlar. Bu oluşumu korumak ve sürdürmek ancak kent kimliğini belirleyen anlamlar sistemini sürdürmekle mümkün olabilir. Anlamlar sistemi ve ihtiyaçlar yok olduğu zaman mekan özelliğini ve işlevini yitirir. Kentlinin ihtiyacına cevap vermiyorsa artık ya yok olmak ya da farklı kullanımlar için potansiyel dönüşümler geçirmek zorundadır. Kullanılmayan, toplum yaşamına uygun olmayan mekanlar; zamanla canlılığını kaybeder ve sonunda tükenir. Bu kaçınılmaz dönüşüm kentin ve kentlinin mekanla olan ilişkisinde travmatik kesintiler, kırılmalar ve toplumsal unutma (social amnesia) yaratıyorsa bu doğal olmayan bir dönüşümdür. Bu tür dönüşümler kentlinin aidiyet duygularını, kentsel sorumluluklarını, kentli olma bilincini ve kültürünü olumsuz olarak etkileyen ve gelecekteki kentsel sorunlara zemin hazırlayan durumlardır. Bu çalışmada tüketim ve mekan ilişkisi üzerinden bugün kaybolmakta olan bir hafıza mekanını ele alınmakta ve ‘yerinden etme’ sonucunda sosyal pratiklerin kendini yeniden üretemeyişi tartışılmaktadır. Ankara’nın önemli ticaret mekanlarından birisi olan Maltepe Pazarı bu bağlamda tüketilmiş ve unutulmakta olan bir kamusal alandır. 2006 yılına kadar Çankaya’da Demirtepe adıyla bilinen, Maltepe Cami’nin güney batı komşuluğundaki alanda yer almıştır. Pazar yeri; Tandoğan-Kızılay güzergâhında bulunmasının sağladığı avantajla gezerken alışveriş yapılan bir yer olarak kullanılmıştır. Kentliler tarafından fazlaca sahiplenilen Maltepe Pazarı, alışveriş için bol seçeneğin olmadığı 1990’lı yıllarda Ankaralılar için istedikleri her şeyi bulabildikleri, sosyalleşme ihtiyaçlarının karşıladıkları cazibe merkezi olma özelliğini taşımıştır. Fakat yoğun kullanımına karşın; büyük itirazlarla ve esnafın polise direnişiyle yıkılmıştır. Boşalan alana ise; çağımızın ticaret kültürünü oluşturan alışveriş merkezlerinden biri inşa edilmiştir. Alışveriş merkezi; bölgeyi canlandırmayı hedefleyerek, peyzaj elemanları ve kafe gibi sosyal alanları içerecek şekilde kurgulansa da yeterli ilgiyi görememiş ve sonunda terk edilmiştir. Maltepe Pazarı ise; yaklaşık bir yıllık aranın ardından Celal Bayar Bulvarı’nda, eski havagazı fabrikası kaldırılarak boşalan yerde tekrar faaliyete girmiştir. Pazar alanı; yeni yerine taşındıktan sonra işlevini ve sosyal anlamını barındıramamış ve önemini yitirmiştir. Bu süreçte kentlinin gündelik yaşam pratikleri ve mekan ilişkileri değişmiştir. Bu çalışmada; hayatta kalma mücadelesi veren Maltepe Pazarı yerinden etme, mekanın tüketimi ve gündelik pratikler bağlamında kavramsallaştırılmış ve belgelenmiştir. Bu belgeleme çalışmasında; kurumsal arşivlere ve belgelere başvurulmuş, gazete haberleri ve diğer medya haberleri taranmıştır. Kullanıcı ve esnaflarla yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yerinden etme, mekanın tüketimi, gündelik yaşam pratikleri, Maltepe Pazarı, Ankara
Today, the two concepts, which appear when the dynamics of the urbanization phenomenon are discussed, that is urban change and transformation, leave behind an environment in which the concepts of urban memory, identity, culture and belonging become more questioned and problematic. Sometimes the memory places that are displaced during this transformation cause the dynamics between citizens and city to change, allowing the concepts such as urban culture, urban belongingness and everyday life practices to be taken from different perspectives. Public spaces in the cities is a subject of multifaceted study including many concepts such as social, economic, cultural and spatial concepts. These concepts include a multidimensional and interdisciplinary dynamic that can be dealt with in different fields such as architecture, urban design, urban sociology, urban culture, urban history. In this context, urban formation, spatial organization, space-user relations, interactions between users, behaviour of social groups are examined. Daily life practices of urban dwellers also shape urban public spaces as well as their maintenance. In this relationship, architectural space and its users are in a constantly changing and transforming interaction. Because architecture is influenced by changing cultural and social processes, it constantly changes the language of communication. Individuals live within the system of values they belong to and they have certain cultural norms and social relations. Practices of everyday life reproduce the space within these norms and values. This production allows the formation of urban memories and cultures over time. Preserving and sustaining this formation may only be possible by maintaining a system of meanings that determines city identity. Space loses its features and functionality when the system of meanings and needs are disappeared. If it does not respond to urban dweller’s needs, it must now either disappear or undergo potential transformations for different uses. Unused spaces that are not suitable for community life; loses its vitality in time and eventually becomes exhausted. If this inevitable transformation creates traumatic interruptions, breaks and social amnesia in the relation of the city and the urban dwellers with space, then, it is an unnatural transformation. Such transformations are the situations that affect the city dweller's sense of belonging, urban responsibilities, citizenship awareness and culture negatively and set the stage for future urban problems. In this study, a memory place, which is disappearing today, is examined through the relation between consumption and space and the failure of the social practices to reproduce themselves as a result of 'displacement' is discussed. In this regard, Maltepe Bazaar, which is one of the most important commercial places of Ankara, is a public area that has been depleted and now being forgotten. Until 2006, it was located in the south-west neighbourhood of Maltepe Mosque, known as Demirtepe, in Çankaya. On the advantage of being located on the Tandoğan-Kızılay route, the bazaar place has been used as a place to shop while traveling. Maltepe Bazaar, which has been greatly embraced by the citizens of Ankara, has been a centre of attraction for social needs of citizens and a place where any item needed could be found in the 1990s, when there was not much choice for shopping. But in spite of the intensive use and shopkeepers’ loud objections and resistance to the police, the bazaar was demolished. Then, on its site, one of the shopping centres, which exhibit our trade culture, was constructed. Although, the new shopping centre was aimed to revitalize the region and designed to include social hubs such as landscape elements and cafes, it could not arouse public interest and eventually abandoned. On the other hand, almost a year later, Maltepe Bazaar was restarted at the vacant spot which emerged after the gasworks buildings at Celal Bayar Boulevard was removed. After moving to its new place, the Bazaar area could not maintain its function and social significance and finally has lost its significance. Meanwhile, citizens’ daily life practices and their interaction with the space have changed. In this study; Maltepe Bazaar, which gives a struggle for survival, has been conceptualized and documented within the context of consumption of space and daily practices. In this documentation study; archives of certain institutions and documents were investigated, and newspaper news and other media news were reviewed. An evaluation has been made as a result of interviews with users and shopkeepers. Keywords: Replace, consumption of space, practices of everyday life, Maltepe Bazaar, Ankara
Ankara Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Cami'nin kullanıcı memnuniyeti açısından değerlendirilmesi, 2018
Özet İbadet eylemi toplulukların yaşam koşullarına, kültürlerine ve inançlarına bağlı olarak zama... more Özet İbadet eylemi toplulukların yaşam koşullarına, kültürlerine ve inançlarına bağlı olarak zamanla mekanı etkileyerek dini yapıların oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Dini yapılardan olan camiler Müslümanlar için ibadet mekanını simgeler. Camiler; mimarlar, sanat tarihçileri ve ilahiyatçılar gibi farklı bilimlerden araştırmacıların ilgi alanına girer. İbadet alanlarının kullanıcılarla arasındaki etkileşimi, ibadet davranışlarına yeterli alanı sağlaması, potansiyel kullanımlara imkan tanıması gibi mekansal ve psikolojik özellikleri ile camiler mimarlık alanındaki akademik çalışmalara konu olabilir. Bu doğrultuda Ankara'da bulunan Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Cami incelenmek üzere ele alınmıştır. Eskişehir yolu-Bilkent kavşağında, Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı'nın yanında yer alan cami 2013 yılından beri hizmet vermektedir. Bulunduğu konum nedeniyle mahalli kullanımdan ziyade protokol kişilerince tercih edilmektedir. Ankara Ahmet Hamdi Akseki Cami kullanıcılarının memnuniyetini değerlendirmek üzere saha çalışması yapılmıştır. Böylelikle farklı profillerdeki bireylerin ihtiyaçları, kullanımları, camilerde gördükleri eksiklikleri saptanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler sayesinde camilerin kullanıcılarını etkileyen psikolojik ve fiziksel niteliklerinin gereklilik dereceleri tespit edilmiştir. Kamuya ait olan camilerin tüm kullanıcıların ihtiyaçlarına uygun gerekli fizyolojik ve psikolojik koşulları sağlaması gerekliliğine vurgu yapılmıştır. Çalışma ile kullanıcı memnuniyetinin sağlanacağı, fonksiyon ile mekan koşullarının örtüşeceği yapılar elde etmek, ibadet mekanlarının konfor koşullarını arttırmak ve gelecekte yapılacak cami tipolojilerine katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kullanıcı memnuniyeti, kullanım değerlendirmesi, ibadet mekanı, cami, mescit.
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Papers by SENA IŞIKLAR BENGİ
quality includes space planning, value, usage styles, inter-space relations, accessibility, flexibility,
transformability, spatial satisfaction perceptions of the users, and the way users use the space. Formal quality
contains aesthetics, perception (cultural values and cognitive factors), adaptability to the age, and
compatibility with the context. Structural quality involves the structural design, durability, appropriate
materials and construction techniques, sustainable-environmental friendliness, and lastly economic quality
comprises the planning budget, construction budget, operating budget, and investment value. Determining
whether a building is of quality requires an evaluation. In this study, the gap model, one of the service quality
models was considered as a base for measuring the quality of the architectural structure. The main elements
of the gap model were transformed. The expected service changed to expected architectural quality, expected
service converted to perceived architectural quality, and satisfying quality transformed into satisfying
performance for users and employers. Then new gaps were proposed that were adapted to measure expected
and perceived quality in architectural buildings. Thus, a framework was presented that measures the
functional, formal, structural, and economic quality of the structure and provides an understanding of the
expectations of the user and employer.
Mosques are one of the public places where the social and cultural qualities of the society can be clearly observed. Mosques have many functions in their historical development. Today, it is possible to see the activities of the users such as maintaining social relations, beliefs, culture and education in these places. In this respect, mosques are the subject of different research studies. Evaluations of spatial comfort of mosques; is one of these studies. At this point, post-occupancy evaluation is one of the methods that can be used for the evaluation of qualitative data on the comfort conditions of mosques. Post-occupancy evaluation has been developed as a systematic assessment method for determining building-user relationships. With post-occupancy evaluation studies, it is aimed to obtain buildings in conform to the users' needs. Thus, it is possible to improve existing buildings and provide data for future building designs. According to the purpose of these studies; buildings should not be considered as mere space or form. The effects on the user in the space and their satisfaction should be evaluated. The first examples of post-occupancy evaluation, dating back to the 1960s, were mostly carried out in a limited area of several building types. In this study; mosques, a type of building that has not been discussed much before is touched. Within the scope of the "Mosque Planning and Design Project" carried out between Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Presidency of Religious Affairs and Gazi University, the deficiencies in existing mosques were evaluated by interviews with experts between January-May 2019 meetings within post-occupancy evaluation method. In this study, acoustics, lighting, ventilation and sanitary conditions were examined. It is emphasized that these titles create built environments in mosques that determine spatial satisfaction and support society's life by utilizing them properly. Experts expressed their opinions on how to overcome the shortcomings in these topics; and the authors of the study presented a systematic approach on the subject. Thus, a base was obtained for improvement studies on the problems seen in mosques.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bernard Tschumi, olay, olay mimarlık, arada-alan, programsızlaştırma.
ABSTRACT Bernard Tschumi, one of the leading figures of the contemporary architecture, developed his ideas mostly on space, experience and human movements as opposed to the analogy between machine and building that was brought by the modern architecture. The concept of event architecture, that he introduced to the architectural literature emphasizes that a building is not only a form but gain meaning with the presence and activity of the user inside of it. About the events, that is the user activity, he defended that architect can only facilitate the conditions; users would generate their own events with the aid of encounters and activities. For Tschumi, design is the fiction of the scenario and encounters, in this fiction, random meetings are proposed in relation to void and vectors. In this regard, Tschumi produced certain concepts such as in-between, flow and vectors and dis-programming. Focusing on Tschumi's concept of "event architecture", the paper analyses the suggested vectors of stair, bridge, bridge-ramp, and platform and the voids in which these vectors are located to meet the potentials needed and to divert the movement. As a result of the inquiry on the examples of Le Fresnoy Art Center, School of Architecture Marne-la-Vallée, Lerner Hall Student Center and ANIMA Cultural Center, it was revealed that the architect, as consistent with his discourse, repeated and brought together similar elements in different fictions. It was anticipated that in various compositions designed, the probability of encounters and therefore events to take place would increase. According to Tschumi event is a fact which cannot be created but conditioned.
quality includes space planning, value, usage styles, inter-space relations, accessibility, flexibility,
transformability, spatial satisfaction perceptions of the users, and the way users use the space. Formal quality
contains aesthetics, perception (cultural values and cognitive factors), adaptability to the age, and
compatibility with the context. Structural quality involves the structural design, durability, appropriate
materials and construction techniques, sustainable-environmental friendliness, and lastly economic quality
comprises the planning budget, construction budget, operating budget, and investment value. Determining
whether a building is of quality requires an evaluation. In this study, the gap model, one of the service quality
models was considered as a base for measuring the quality of the architectural structure. The main elements
of the gap model were transformed. The expected service changed to expected architectural quality, expected
service converted to perceived architectural quality, and satisfying quality transformed into satisfying
performance for users and employers. Then new gaps were proposed that were adapted to measure expected
and perceived quality in architectural buildings. Thus, a framework was presented that measures the
functional, formal, structural, and economic quality of the structure and provides an understanding of the
expectations of the user and employer.
Mosques are one of the public places where the social and cultural qualities of the society can be clearly observed. Mosques have many functions in their historical development. Today, it is possible to see the activities of the users such as maintaining social relations, beliefs, culture and education in these places. In this respect, mosques are the subject of different research studies. Evaluations of spatial comfort of mosques; is one of these studies. At this point, post-occupancy evaluation is one of the methods that can be used for the evaluation of qualitative data on the comfort conditions of mosques. Post-occupancy evaluation has been developed as a systematic assessment method for determining building-user relationships. With post-occupancy evaluation studies, it is aimed to obtain buildings in conform to the users' needs. Thus, it is possible to improve existing buildings and provide data for future building designs. According to the purpose of these studies; buildings should not be considered as mere space or form. The effects on the user in the space and their satisfaction should be evaluated. The first examples of post-occupancy evaluation, dating back to the 1960s, were mostly carried out in a limited area of several building types. In this study; mosques, a type of building that has not been discussed much before is touched. Within the scope of the "Mosque Planning and Design Project" carried out between Presidency of the Republic of Turkey Presidency of Religious Affairs and Gazi University, the deficiencies in existing mosques were evaluated by interviews with experts between January-May 2019 meetings within post-occupancy evaluation method. In this study, acoustics, lighting, ventilation and sanitary conditions were examined. It is emphasized that these titles create built environments in mosques that determine spatial satisfaction and support society's life by utilizing them properly. Experts expressed their opinions on how to overcome the shortcomings in these topics; and the authors of the study presented a systematic approach on the subject. Thus, a base was obtained for improvement studies on the problems seen in mosques.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Bernard Tschumi, olay, olay mimarlık, arada-alan, programsızlaştırma.
ABSTRACT Bernard Tschumi, one of the leading figures of the contemporary architecture, developed his ideas mostly on space, experience and human movements as opposed to the analogy between machine and building that was brought by the modern architecture. The concept of event architecture, that he introduced to the architectural literature emphasizes that a building is not only a form but gain meaning with the presence and activity of the user inside of it. About the events, that is the user activity, he defended that architect can only facilitate the conditions; users would generate their own events with the aid of encounters and activities. For Tschumi, design is the fiction of the scenario and encounters, in this fiction, random meetings are proposed in relation to void and vectors. In this regard, Tschumi produced certain concepts such as in-between, flow and vectors and dis-programming. Focusing on Tschumi's concept of "event architecture", the paper analyses the suggested vectors of stair, bridge, bridge-ramp, and platform and the voids in which these vectors are located to meet the potentials needed and to divert the movement. As a result of the inquiry on the examples of Le Fresnoy Art Center, School of Architecture Marne-la-Vallée, Lerner Hall Student Center and ANIMA Cultural Center, it was revealed that the architect, as consistent with his discourse, repeated and brought together similar elements in different fictions. It was anticipated that in various compositions designed, the probability of encounters and therefore events to take place would increase. According to Tschumi event is a fact which cannot be created but conditioned.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kentsel mekân, ideoloji ve mimarlık, millet bahçeleri, Ankara.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yerinden etme, mekanın tüketimi, gündelik yaşam pratikleri, Maltepe Pazarı, Ankara
Today, the two concepts, which appear when the dynamics of the urbanization phenomenon are discussed, that is urban change and transformation, leave behind an environment in which the concepts of urban memory, identity, culture and belonging become more questioned and problematic. Sometimes the memory places that are displaced during this transformation cause the dynamics between citizens and city to change, allowing the concepts such as urban culture, urban belongingness and everyday life practices to be taken from different perspectives. Public spaces in the cities is a subject of multifaceted study including many concepts such as social, economic, cultural and spatial concepts. These concepts include a multidimensional and interdisciplinary dynamic that can be dealt with in different fields such as architecture, urban design, urban sociology, urban culture, urban history. In this context, urban formation, spatial organization, space-user relations, interactions between users, behaviour of social groups are examined. Daily life practices of urban dwellers also shape urban public spaces as well as their maintenance. In this relationship, architectural space and its users are in a constantly changing and transforming interaction. Because architecture is influenced by changing cultural and social processes, it constantly changes the language of communication. Individuals live within the system of values they belong to and they have certain cultural norms and social relations. Practices of everyday life reproduce the space within these norms and values. This production allows the formation of urban memories and cultures over time. Preserving and sustaining this formation may only be possible by maintaining a system of meanings that determines city identity. Space loses its features and functionality when the system of meanings and needs are disappeared. If it does not respond to urban dweller’s needs, it must now either disappear or undergo potential transformations for different uses. Unused spaces that are not suitable for community life; loses its vitality in time and eventually becomes exhausted. If this inevitable transformation creates traumatic interruptions, breaks and social amnesia in the relation of the city and the urban dwellers with space, then, it is an unnatural transformation. Such transformations are the situations that affect the city dweller's sense of belonging, urban responsibilities, citizenship awareness and culture negatively and set the stage for future urban problems. In this study, a memory place, which is disappearing today, is examined through the relation between consumption and space and the failure of the social practices to reproduce themselves as a result of 'displacement' is discussed. In this regard, Maltepe Bazaar, which is one of the most important commercial places of Ankara, is a public area that has been depleted and now being forgotten. Until 2006, it was located in the south-west neighbourhood of Maltepe Mosque, known as Demirtepe, in Çankaya. On the advantage of being located on the Tandoğan-Kızılay route, the bazaar place has been used as a place to shop while traveling. Maltepe Bazaar, which has been greatly embraced by the citizens of Ankara, has been a centre of attraction for social needs of citizens and a place where any item needed could be found in the 1990s, when there was not much choice for shopping. But in spite of the intensive use and shopkeepers’ loud objections and resistance to the police, the bazaar was demolished. Then, on its site, one of the shopping centres, which exhibit our trade culture, was constructed. Although, the new shopping centre was aimed to revitalize the region and designed to include social hubs such as landscape elements and cafes, it could not arouse public interest and eventually abandoned. On the other hand, almost a year later, Maltepe Bazaar was restarted at the vacant spot which emerged after the gasworks buildings at Celal Bayar Boulevard was removed. After moving to its new place, the Bazaar area could not maintain its function and social significance and finally has lost its significance. Meanwhile, citizens’ daily life practices and their interaction with the space have changed. In this study; Maltepe Bazaar, which gives a struggle for survival, has been conceptualized and documented within the context of consumption of space and daily practices. In this documentation study; archives of certain institutions and documents were investigated, and newspaper news and other media news were reviewed. An evaluation has been made as a result of interviews with users and shopkeepers.
Keywords: Replace, consumption of space, practices of everyday life, Maltepe Bazaar, Ankara