Provides Django Channels channel layers that use Redis as a backing store.
There are two available implementations:
RedisChannelLayer
is the original layer, and implements channel and group handling itself.RedisPubSubChannelLayer
is newer and leverages Redis Pub/Sub for message dispatch. This layer is currently at Beta status, meaning it may be subject to breaking changes whilst it matures.
Both layers support a single-server and sharded configurations.
pip install channels-redis
Note: Prior versions of this package were called asgi_redis
and are
still available under PyPI as that name if you need them for Channels 1.x projects.
This package is for Channels 2 projects only.
Set up the channel layer in your Django settings file like so:
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
"default": {
"BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer",
"CONFIG": {
"hosts": [("localhost", 6379)],
},
},
}
Or, you can use the alternate implementation which uses Redis Pub/Sub:
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
"default": {
"BACKEND": "channels_redis.pubsub.RedisPubSubChannelLayer",
"CONFIG": {
"hosts": [("localhost", 6379)],
},
},
}
Possible options for CONFIG
are listed below.
The server(s) to connect to, as either URIs, (host, port)
tuples, or dicts conforming to redis Connection.
Defaults to redis://localhost:6379
. Pass multiple hosts to enable sharding,
but note that changing the host list will lose some sharded data.
Sentinel connections require dicts conforming to:
{ "sentinels": [ ("localhost", 26379), ], "master_name": SENTINEL_MASTER_SET, **kwargs }
note the additional master_name
key specifying the Sentinel master set and any additional connection kwargs can also be passed. Plain Redis and Sentinel connections can be mixed and matched if
sharding.
If your server is listening on a UNIX domain socket, you can also use that to connect: ["unix:///path/to/redis.sock"]
.
This should be slightly faster than a loopback TCP connection.
Prefix to add to all Redis keys. Defaults to asgi
. If you're running
two or more entirely separate channel layers through the same Redis instance,
make sure they have different prefixes. All servers talking to the same layer
should have the same prefix, though.
Message expiry in seconds. Defaults to 60
. You generally shouldn't need
to change this, but you may want to turn it down if you have peaky traffic you
wish to drop, or up if you have peaky traffic you want to backlog until you
get to it.
Group expiry in seconds. Defaults to 86400
. Channels will be removed
from the group after this amount of time; it's recommended you reduce it
for a healthier system that encourages disconnections. This value should
not be lower than the relevant timeouts in the interface server (e.g.
the --websocket_timeout
to daphne).
Default channel capacity. Defaults to 100
. Once a channel is at capacity,
it will refuse more messages. How this affects different parts of the system
varies; a HTTP server will refuse connections, for example, while Django
sending a response will just wait until there's space.
Per-channel capacity configuration. This lets you tweak the channel capacity based on the channel name, and supports both globbing and regular expressions.
It should be a dict mapping channel name pattern to desired capacity; if the
dict key is a string, it's intepreted as a glob, while if it's a compiled
re
object, it's treated as a regular expression.
This example sets http.request
to 200, all http.response!
channels
to 10, and all websocket.send!
channels to 20:
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
"default": {
"BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer",
"CONFIG": {
"hosts": [("localhost", 6379)],
"channel_capacity": {
"http.request": 200,
"http.response!*": 10,
re.compile(r"^websocket.send\!.+"): 20,
},
},
},
}
If you want to enforce a matching order, use an OrderedDict
as the
argument; channels will then be matched in the order the dict provides them.
Pass this to enable the optional symmetric encryption mode of the backend. To
use it, make sure you have the cryptography
package installed, or specify
the cryptography
extra when you install channels-redis
:
pip install channels-redis[cryptography]
symmetric_encryption_keys
should be a list of strings, with each string
being an encryption key. The first key is always used for encryption; all are
considered for decryption, so you can rotate keys without downtime - just add
a new key at the start and move the old one down, then remove the old one
after the message expiry time has passed.
Data is encrypted both on the wire and at rest in Redis, though we advise you also route your Redis connections over TLS for higher security; the Redis protocol is still unencrypted, and the channel and group key names could potentially contain metadata patterns of use to attackers.
Keys should have at least 32 bytes of entropy - they are passed through the SHA256 hash function before being used as an encryption key. Any string will work, but the shorter the string, the easier the encryption is to break.
If you're using Django, you may also wish to set this to your site's
SECRET_KEY
setting via the CHANNEL_LAYERS
setting:
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
"default": {
"BACKEND": "channels_redis.core.RedisChannelLayer",
"CONFIG": {
"hosts": ["redis://:password@127.0.0.1:6379/0"],
"symmetric_encryption_keys": [SECRET_KEY],
},
},
}
The PubSub layer, which maintains long-running connections to Redis, can drop messages in the event of a network partition. To handle such situations the PubSub layer accepts optional arguments which will notify consumers of Redis disconnect/reconnect events. A common use-case is for consumers to ensure that they perform a full state re-sync to ensure that no messages have been missed.
CHANNEL_LAYERS = {
"default": {
"BACKEND": "channels_redis.pubsub.RedisPubSubChannelLayer",
"CONFIG": {
"hosts": [...],
"on_disconnect": "redis.disconnect",
},
},
}
And then in your channels consumer, you can implement the handler:
async def redis_disconnect(self, *args):
# Handle disconnect
Redis server >= 5.0 is required for channels-redis. Python 3.7 or higher is required.
Your Redis server must support the following commands:
RedisChannelLayer
usesBZPOPMIN
,DEL
,EVAL
,EXPIRE
,KEYS
,PIPELINE
,ZADD
,ZCOUNT
,ZPOPMIN
,ZRANGE
,ZREM
,ZREMRANGEBYSCORE
RedisPubSubChannelLayer
usesPUBLISH
,SUBSCRIBE
,UNSUBSCRIBE
You can run the necessary Redis instances in Docker with the following commands:
$ docker network create redis-network
$ docker run --rm \
--network=redis-network \
--name=redis-server \
-p 6379:6379 \
redis
$ docker run --rm \
--network redis-network \
--name redis-sentinel \
-e REDIS_MASTER_HOST=redis-server \
-e REDIS_MASTER_SET=sentinel \
-e REDIS_SENTINEL_QUORUM=1 \
-p 26379:26379 \
bitnami/redis-sentinel
Please refer to the main Channels contributing docs. That also contains advice on how to set up the development environment and run the tests.
To report security issues, please contact security@djangoproject.com. For GPG signatures and more security process information, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/internals/security/.
To report bugs or request new features, please open a new GitHub issue.
This repository is part of the Channels project. For the shepherd and maintenance team, please see the main Channels readme.