Add rmgrdesc README

In the README, briefly explain what rmgrdesc functions are, and why
they are in a separate directory. Commit c03c2ea added some
guidelines on the preferred output format; move that to the README
too.

Reviewed-by: Melanie Plageman, Peter Geoghegan
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/9159daf7-f42d-781b-458f-1b2cf32cb256%40iki.fi

Author: hlinnaka

src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/README

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/README
+
+WAL resource manager description functions
+==========================================
+
+For debugging purposes, there is a "description function", or rmgrdesc
+function, for each WAL resource manager. The rmgrdesc function parses the WAL
+record and prints the contents of the WAL record in a somewhat human-readable
+format.
+
+The rmgrdesc functions for all resource managers are gathered in this
+directory, because they are also used in the stand-alone pg_waldump program.
+They could potentially be used by out-of-tree debugging tools too, although
+neither the description functions nor the output format should be considered
+part of a stable API
+
+Guidelines for rmgrdesc output format
+-------------------------------------
+
+The goal of these guidelines is to avoid gratuitous inconsistencies across
+each rmgr, and to allow users to parse desc output strings without too much
+difficulty.  This is not an API specification or an interchange format.
+(Only heapam and nbtree desc routines follow these guidelines at present, in
+any case.)
+
+Record descriptions are similar to JSON style key/value objects.  However,
+there is no explicit "string" type/string escaping.  Top-level { } brackets
+should be omitted.  For example:
+
+snapshotConflictHorizon: 0, flags: 0x03
+
+Record descriptions may contain variable-length arrays.  For example:
+
+nunused: 5, unused: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+Nested objects are supported via { } brackets.  They generally appear inside
+variable-length arrays.  For example:
+
+ndeleted: 0, nupdated: 1, deleted: [], updated: [{ off: 45, nptids: 1, ptids: [0] }]
+
+Try to output things in an order that faithfully represents the order of
+fields from the underlying physical WAL record struct.  Key names should be
+unique (at the same nesting level) to make parsing easy.  It's a good idea if
+the number of items in the array appears before the array.
+
+It's okay for individual WAL record types to invent their own conventions.
+For example, Heap2's PRUNE record descriptions use a custom array format for
+the record's "redirected" field:
+
+... redirected: [1->4, 5->9], dead: [10, 11], unused: [3, 7, 8]
+
+Arguably the desc routine should be using object notation for this instead.
+However, there is value in using a custom format when it conveys useful
+information about the underlying physical data structures.
+
+This ad-hoc format has the advantage of being close to the format used for
+the "dead" and "unused" arrays (which follow the standard desc convention for
+page offset number arrays).  It suggests that the "redirected" elements shown
+are just pairs of page offset numbers (which is how it really works).
+
+rmgrdesc_utils.c contains some helper functions to print data in this format.

src/backend/access/rmgrdesc/rmgrdesc_utils.c

@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@
 #include "access/rmgrdesc_utils.h"
 #include "storage/off.h"
 
+/*
+ * Helper function to print an array, in the format described in the
+ * README.
+ */
 void
 array_desc(StringInfo buf, void *array, size_t elem_size, int count,
 		   void (*elem_desc) (StringInfo buf, void *elem, void *data),

src/include/access/rmgrdesc_utils.h

@@ -12,50 +12,6 @@
 #ifndef RMGRDESC_UTILS_H_
 #define RMGRDESC_UTILS_H_
 
-/*
- * Guidelines for rmgrdesc routine authors:
- *
- * The goal of these guidelines is to avoid gratuitous inconsistencies across
- * each rmgr, and to allow users to parse desc output strings without too much
- * difficulty.  This is not an API specification or an interchange format.
- * (Only heapam and nbtree desc routines follow these guidelines at present,
- * in any case.)
- *
- * Record descriptions are similar to JSON style key/value objects.  However,
- * there is no explicit "string" type/string escaping.  Top-level { } brackets
- * should be omitted.  For example:
- *
- * snapshotConflictHorizon: 0, flags: 0x03
- *
- * Record descriptions may contain variable-length arrays.  For example:
- *
- * nunused: 5, unused: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- *
- * Nested objects are supported via { } brackets.  They generally appear
- * inside variable-length arrays.  For example:
- *
- * ndeleted: 0, nupdated: 1, deleted: [], updated: [{ off: 45, nptids: 1, ptids: [0] }]
- *
- * Try to output things in an order that faithfully represents the order of
- * fields from the underlying physical WAL record struct.  Key names should be
- * unique (at the same nesting level) to make parsing easy.  It's a good idea
- * if the number of items in the array appears before the array.
- *
- * It's okay for individual WAL record types to invent their own conventions.
- * For example, Heap2's PRUNE record descriptions use a custom array format
- * for the record's "redirected" field:
- *
- * ... redirected: [1->4, 5->9], dead: [10, 11], unused: [3, 7, 8]
- *
- * Arguably the desc routine should be using object notation for this instead.
- * However, there is value in using a custom format when it conveys useful
- * information about the underlying physical data structures.
- *
- * This ad-hoc format has the advantage of being close to the format used for
- * the "dead" and "unused" arrays (which follow the standard desc convention
- * for page offset number arrays).  It suggests that the "redirected" elements
- * shown are just pairs of page offset numbers (which is how it really works).
- */
 extern void array_desc(StringInfo buf, void *array, size_t elem_size, int count,
 					   void (*elem_desc) (StringInfo buf, void *elem, void *data),
 					   void *data);