In order to build cloud-native applications and microservices, it’s very convenient to have a local Kubernetes cluster and Istio running locally. This article describes how to install these components and some additional tools like Kiali.
Follow the instructions to install Minikube.
Note: As I’ll be running Istio along with my applications, one needs more memory and CPU than you get by default. Here are some recommended settings:
$ minikube config set cpus 4 $ minikube config set memory 8192 $ minikube config set disk-size 50g $ minikube addons enable ingress
With all the required packages are installed. You can now start Minikube with the following command:
$ minikube start
This will download the Virtualbox image and configure Kubernetes cluster as shown below:
😄 minikube v1.6.2 on Ubuntu 18.04
✨ Automatically selected the 'virtualbox' driver (alternates: [none])
💿 Downloading VM boot image ...
> minikube-v1.6.0.iso.sha256: 65 B / 65 B [--------------] 100.00% ? p/s 0s
> minikube-v1.6.0.iso: 150.93 MiB / 150.93 MiB [-] 100.00% 19.41 MiB p/s 8s
🔥 Creating virtualbox VM (CPUs=2, Memory=2000MB, Disk=20000MB) ...
🐳 Preparing Kubernetes v1.17.0 on Docker '19.03.5' ...
💾 Downloading kubeadm v1.17.0
💾 Downloading kubelet v1.17.0
🚜 Pulling images ...
🚀 Launching Kubernetes ...
⌛ Waiting for cluster to come online ...
🏄 Done! kubectl is now configured to use "minikube"
You can now check the cluster status with the following command:
$ kubectl cluster-info
You should get the following output:
Kubernetes master is running at https://192.168.99.100:8443 KubeDNS is running at https://192.168.99.100:8443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
You can also check the Kubectl default configuration with the following command:
$ kubectl config view
Below is the expected output:
apiVersion: v1
clusters:
- cluster:
certificate-authority: /home/sir_alexander/.minikube/ca.crt
server: https://192.168.99.100:8443
name: minikube
contexts:
- context:
cluster: minikube
user: minikube
name: minikube
current-context: minikube
kind: Config
preferences: {}
users:
- name: minikube
user:
client-certificate: /home/sir_alexander/.minikube/client.crt
client-key: /home/sir_alexander/.minikube/client.key
To check the running nodes, run the following command:
$ kubectl get nodes
output:
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION minikube Ready master 16m v1.17.0
You can check the status of Minikube with the following command:
$ minikube status
And see the following output:
host: Running kubelet: Running apiserver: Running kubeconfig: Configured
You can also access the Minikube Virtualbox with the following command:
$ minikube ssh
and get:
_ _
_ _ ( ) ( )
___ ___ (_) ___ (_)| |/') _ _ | |_ __
/' _ ` _ `\| |/' _ `\| || , < ( ) ( )| '_`\ /'__`\
| ( ) ( ) || || ( ) || || |\`\ | (_) || |_) )( ___/
(_) (_) (_)(_)(_) (_)(_)(_) (_)`\___/'(_,__/'`\____)
$
Now, exit from the Virtualbox shell:
$ exit
You can also stop and delete kubernetes cluster anytime with the following command:
$ minikube stop $ minikube delete
By default, Kubernetes comes with web dashboard that can be used to manage your cluster. You can list all the minikube addons with the following command:
$ minikube addons list
You should see the following output:
- addon-manager: enabled - dashboard: disabled - default-storageclass: enabled - efk: disabled - freshpod: disabled - gvisor: disabled - helm-tiller: disabled - ingress: disabled - ingress-dns: disabled - logviewer: disabled - metrics-server: disabled - nvidia-driver-installer: disabled - nvidia-gpu-device-plugin: disabled - registry: disabled - registry-creds: disabled - storage-provisioner: enabled - storage-provisioner-gluster: disabled
Next, list all the container image running in the cluster with the following command:
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
You should see the following output:
NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system coredns-6955765f44-pjzdd 1/1 Running 0 42s kube-system coredns-6955765f44-q7zcd 1/1 Running 0 42s kube-system etcd-minikube 1/1 Running 0 48s kube-system kube-addon-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 48s kube-system kube-apiserver-minikube 1/1 Running 0 48s kube-system kube-controller-manager-minikube 1/1 Running 0 48s kube-system kube-proxy-2lvq8 1/1 Running 0 42s kube-system kube-scheduler-minikube 1/1 Running 0 47s kube-system nginx-ingress-controller-6fc5bcc8c9-4pnnn 1/1 Running 0 40s kube-system storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 0 41s
Now, run the following command to get the URL of the kubernetes dashboard:
minikube dashboard --url
You should see the following output:
🔌 Enabling dashboard ... 🤔 Verifying dashboard health ... 🚀 Launching proxy ... 🤔 Verifying proxy health ... http://127.0.0.1:34897/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/
Your Minikube web url is now generated. Next, open your web browser and type the URL http://127.0.0.1:34897/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/. You will be redirected to the Kubernetes dashboard as shown in the following page:
You can now easily manage your Kubernetes cluster through your web browser.
Note: Minikube comes with it’s own Docker daemon, so that you don’t have to use Docker Desktop. You only need the ‘docker’ CLI and point it to Minikube:
$ eval $(minikube docker-env)
Download Istio into your preferred location using the following command:
$ curl -L https://git.io/getLatestIstio | sh -
Follow the instructions in the terminal to set the path.
To configure the istioctl client tool for your workstation,
add the /<PATH TO ISTIO DIRECTORY>/istio-1.4.2/bin directory to your environment path variable with:
$ cd `/<PATH TO ISTIO DIRECTORY>/istio-1.4.2` $ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
Ensure minikube is started and running
Begin the Istio pre-installation verification check by running:
$ istioctl verify-install
If all is well, you should get the following output:
Checking the cluster to make sure it is ready for Istio installation... #1. Kubernetes-api ----------------------- Can initialize the Kubernetes client. Can query the Kubernetes API Server. #2. Kubernetes-version ----------------------- Istio is compatible with Kubernetes: v1.17.0. #3. Istio-existence ----------------------- Istio will be installed in the istio-system namespace. #4. Kubernetes-setup ----------------------- Can create necessary Kubernetes configurations: Namespace,ClusterRole,ClusterRoleBinding,CustomResourceDefinition,Role,ServiceAccount,Service,Deployments,ConfigMap. #5. SideCar-Injector ----------------------- This Kubernetes cluster supports automatic sidecar injection. To enable automatic sidecar injection see https://istio.io/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/#deploying-an-app ----------------------- Install Pre-Check passed! The cluster is ready for Istio installation.
To install Istio, run these commands:
$ cd /<PATH TO ISTIO DIRECTORY>/istio-1.4.2/ $ kubectl apply -f install/kubernetes/helm/istio-init/files $ kubectl apply -f install/kubernetes/istio-demo.yaml
Make sure that all pods are running or completed before continuing. This can take several minutes when starting the pods for the first time. Be patient.
$ kubectl get pod -n istio-system
The output of the above command should show all Istio pods either running or completed before you move on.
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE grafana-7797c87688-5j56c 1/1 Running 0 3m22s istio-citadel-65c9f49c76-xs66z 1/1 Running 0 3m21s istio-egressgateway-5b6cbd4c96-sgxsh 1/1 Running 0 3m22s istio-galley-c5cb9c77d-s52rl 1/1 Running 0 3m22s istio-grafana-post-install-1.4.2-nnfmk 0/1 Completed 0 3m23s istio-ingressgateway-7b66b7c7c-gwdrq 1/1 Running 0 3m22s istio-pilot-7d5c97cc67-9p8lv 2/2 Running 2 3m22s istio-policy-86775c9966-qkdxt 2/2 Running 2 3m22s istio-security-post-install-1.4.2-kgzgt 0/1 Completed 0 3m22s istio-sidecar-injector-59ccc94d59-mq2jg 1/1 Running 0 3m21s istio-telemetry-68c7b4f9b8-5t2sq 2/2 Running 2 3m22s istio-tracing-55c965d5b6-fkxs7 1/1 Running 0 3m21s kiali-74fdc898b9-f7fjw 1/1 Running 0 3m22s prometheus-c8fdbd64f-6k7fw 1/1 Running 0 3m22s
In the last step enable automatic sidecar injection:
$ kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
After the setup of Minikube and Istio you can use the following tools:
-
Kubernetes Dashboard
$ minikube dashboard
-
Jaeger Dashboard
$ kubectl port-forward -n istio-system $(kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=jaeger -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') 16686:16686
URL to Open Jaeger: http://localhost:16686
-
Grafana Dashboard
$ kubectl -n istio-system port-forward $(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -l app=grafana -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') 3000:3000 &
URL to open Grafana: http://localhost:3000/dashboard/db/istio-mesh-dashboard
-
Prometheus Dashboard
$ kubectl -n istio-system port-forward $(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -l app=prometheus -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') 9090:9090 &
URL to open Prometheus: http://localhost:9090
Run the following command to install Kiali:
$ bash <(curl -L https://git.io/getLatestKialiOperator)
-
Kiali Dashboard
$ cd /<PATH TO ISTIO DIRECTORY>/istio-1.4.2/ $ istioctl dashboard kiali
URL to open Kiali: https://localhost:<KIALI_PORT>;
To uninstall Kiali, use the following command:
$ bash <(curl -L https://git.io/getLatestKialiOperator) --uninstall-mode true