There has been substantial public debate over the last 20 years among politicians, citizens, envi... more There has been substantial public debate over the last 20 years among politicians, citizens, environmentalists, geographers, meteorologists and other scientists from a variety of fields regarding the topic of Global Climate Change (GCC). Rising concern about serious storm damage resulting from both tropical and extratropical storms has also fueled this world-wide debate. A maritime researcher at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, John Boon, discusses in Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure, Prediction Risks and Solutions, the impact of major storms on communities and infrastructure along the Mid-Atlantic coastline of U.S. East Coast (USEC). Boon postulates that a consequence of Sea Level Rise (SLR) is that extratropical storms will begin to create significant flooding issues in the future. The lower Chesapeake Bay region, with land subsidence rates among the highest on the USEC, now has relative SLR rates in the 4 to 6 mm/year range, making it particularly sensitive to increased flooding with time. The study suggests it is absolutely critical that real-time data and enhanced metrics are needed to study the severity of this effect.
In public safety and military applications, Indications and Warnings are critical to identifying ... more In public safety and military applications, Indications and Warnings are critical to identifying an important or actionable event, which is then keyed to alert a system and in-turn causes some desired action. Using Twitter data, Thor's Hammer provides an analytic that assists with natural disaster prediction, sensing, monitoring and mitigation by keying on Indications and Warnings. While an argument can be made that the communication of indicators through tweets has some degree of application to the natural disaster prediction and mitigation components, the strongest uses cases are sensing and monitoring. For the purposes of this project, "sensing" is defined as the generation of a tweet that warns of an observed event which can be acted upon in some manner by a subcomponent of the disaster monitoring system-This describes an event of interest in the Indications and Warnings chain.
Global Climate Change (GCC) has been a hot topic of discussion in scientific and social circles f... more Global Climate Change (GCC) has been a hot topic of discussion in scientific and social circles for over a decade. The general media has gradually evolved from referring to this phenomenon as “Global Warming” to using the more accurate GCC term, but they still frame their observations in the context of Armageddon or the end of the world as we know it. A more balanced approach from the scientific community is to closely observe individual disaster events occurring over time and gather as much data as possible to document and understand the cause and effect relationships that are impacting the Earth’s weather and climate. It is interesting to note that we have experienced a series of sudden calamitous events in the last few years, to include Volcanic Eruptions, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Hurricanes, and Floods. Earth Observing Systems (EOS) offer many opportunities to observe and collect data on phenomena that may be influenced by GCC, and EOS satellites will likely help the scientific community and industry to gather better data (i.e., more volume, more often, and more diverse types) in efforts to develop better GCC prediction models to mitigate the effects of natural and human-made disasters. The specific EOS that this paper will focus on is the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar & Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite and its position in the A-Train constellation.
The Turkish Straits, which supply Western and Southern Europe with oil from the petroleum rich ar... more The Turkish Straits, which supply Western and Southern Europe with oil from the petroleum rich area around the Caspian Sea, are actually composed of two straits that cut through Turkey. The Bosporus is a 17-mile long waterway that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles is a 40-mile long waterway that links the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas (http://www.eia.gov/countries/regions-topics.cfm?fips=wotc&trk=p3). The Historical Significance of the Turkish Straits – Bosporus (known previously as Straits of Constantinople) and the Dardanelles.
The Bosporus Straits run directly through Istanbul. The Straits are the only waterway connection between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, as illustrated in the figure at the right (also note the alternate Bosphorus spelling). They are critical to commercial shipping for Russia and former Soviet Republics bordering the Black Sea because the waterway divides the land masses of Eurasia and North Africa/Middle East. The Straits provide a narrow navigable channel for commercial, private and military shipping, and thus create a maritime choke-point between Eurasia and Africa.
Effects of Various Factors:
- Weather/Time of Day
- Vehicle and Road Illumination Systems
... more Effects of Various Factors:
- Weather/Time of Day
- Vehicle and Road Illumination Systems
- Driver Experience/Training
- Driver and Vehicle Age
- Increased Driver Distractions/Fatigue
- Safety Ratings of Vehicles
- Improved Safety Devices
- Decreased Speed Limits (Remember National “Drive 55”?)
- Increased Law Enforcement (DUI/Reckless Driving)
- Expanded Use of High Occupancy Toll Lanes
The descriptions of Heimdall and his management of traffic on the Bifröst, within the infrastructure provided by Yggdrasil, originated in the Prose Edda, believed to have been compiled by Icelandic scholar/historian Snorri Sturluson around the year 1220. Images by Marvel Studios and the producers of the movie Thor.
Admittedly, the Bifröst and Ygdrasil clearly belong to 13th century Norse Mythology, but the Author believes that there are practical applications to 21st century traffic safety as well -- After all, couldn't Heimdall's Gjallarhorn be considered a predecessor to today's emergency sirens, car horns and police whistles?
There has been substantial public debate over the last 20 years among politicians, citizens, envi... more There has been substantial public debate over the last 20 years among politicians, citizens, environmentalists, geographers, meteorologists and other scientists from a variety of fields regarding the topic of Global Climate Change (GCC). Rising concern about serious storm damage resulting from both tropical and extratropical storms has also fueled this world-wide debate. A maritime researcher at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, John Boon, discusses in Sea Level Rise and Coastal Infrastructure, Prediction Risks and Solutions, the impact of major storms on communities and infrastructure along the Mid-Atlantic coastline of U.S. East Coast (USEC). Boon postulates that a consequence of Sea Level Rise (SLR) is that extratropical storms will begin to create significant flooding issues in the future. The lower Chesapeake Bay region, with land subsidence rates among the highest on the USEC, now has relative SLR rates in the 4 to 6 mm/year range, making it particularly sensitive to increased flooding with time. The study suggests it is absolutely critical that real-time data and enhanced metrics are needed to study the severity of this effect.
In public safety and military applications, Indications and Warnings are critical to identifying ... more In public safety and military applications, Indications and Warnings are critical to identifying an important or actionable event, which is then keyed to alert a system and in-turn causes some desired action. Using Twitter data, Thor's Hammer provides an analytic that assists with natural disaster prediction, sensing, monitoring and mitigation by keying on Indications and Warnings. While an argument can be made that the communication of indicators through tweets has some degree of application to the natural disaster prediction and mitigation components, the strongest uses cases are sensing and monitoring. For the purposes of this project, "sensing" is defined as the generation of a tweet that warns of an observed event which can be acted upon in some manner by a subcomponent of the disaster monitoring system-This describes an event of interest in the Indications and Warnings chain.
Global Climate Change (GCC) has been a hot topic of discussion in scientific and social circles f... more Global Climate Change (GCC) has been a hot topic of discussion in scientific and social circles for over a decade. The general media has gradually evolved from referring to this phenomenon as “Global Warming” to using the more accurate GCC term, but they still frame their observations in the context of Armageddon or the end of the world as we know it. A more balanced approach from the scientific community is to closely observe individual disaster events occurring over time and gather as much data as possible to document and understand the cause and effect relationships that are impacting the Earth’s weather and climate. It is interesting to note that we have experienced a series of sudden calamitous events in the last few years, to include Volcanic Eruptions, Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Hurricanes, and Floods. Earth Observing Systems (EOS) offer many opportunities to observe and collect data on phenomena that may be influenced by GCC, and EOS satellites will likely help the scientific community and industry to gather better data (i.e., more volume, more often, and more diverse types) in efforts to develop better GCC prediction models to mitigate the effects of natural and human-made disasters. The specific EOS that this paper will focus on is the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar & Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite and its position in the A-Train constellation.
The Turkish Straits, which supply Western and Southern Europe with oil from the petroleum rich ar... more The Turkish Straits, which supply Western and Southern Europe with oil from the petroleum rich area around the Caspian Sea, are actually composed of two straits that cut through Turkey. The Bosporus is a 17-mile long waterway that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles is a 40-mile long waterway that links the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas (http://www.eia.gov/countries/regions-topics.cfm?fips=wotc&trk=p3). The Historical Significance of the Turkish Straits – Bosporus (known previously as Straits of Constantinople) and the Dardanelles.
The Bosporus Straits run directly through Istanbul. The Straits are the only waterway connection between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, as illustrated in the figure at the right (also note the alternate Bosphorus spelling). They are critical to commercial shipping for Russia and former Soviet Republics bordering the Black Sea because the waterway divides the land masses of Eurasia and North Africa/Middle East. The Straits provide a narrow navigable channel for commercial, private and military shipping, and thus create a maritime choke-point between Eurasia and Africa.
Effects of Various Factors:
- Weather/Time of Day
- Vehicle and Road Illumination Systems
... more Effects of Various Factors:
- Weather/Time of Day
- Vehicle and Road Illumination Systems
- Driver Experience/Training
- Driver and Vehicle Age
- Increased Driver Distractions/Fatigue
- Safety Ratings of Vehicles
- Improved Safety Devices
- Decreased Speed Limits (Remember National “Drive 55”?)
- Increased Law Enforcement (DUI/Reckless Driving)
- Expanded Use of High Occupancy Toll Lanes
The descriptions of Heimdall and his management of traffic on the Bifröst, within the infrastructure provided by Yggdrasil, originated in the Prose Edda, believed to have been compiled by Icelandic scholar/historian Snorri Sturluson around the year 1220. Images by Marvel Studios and the producers of the movie Thor.
Admittedly, the Bifröst and Ygdrasil clearly belong to 13th century Norse Mythology, but the Author believes that there are practical applications to 21st century traffic safety as well -- After all, couldn't Heimdall's Gjallarhorn be considered a predecessor to today's emergency sirens, car horns and police whistles?
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Papers by James A Epley
The Bosporus is a 17-mile long waterway that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles is a 40-mile long waterway that links the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas (http://www.eia.gov/countries/regions-topics.cfm?fips=wotc&trk=p3).
The Historical Significance of the Turkish Straits – Bosporus (known previously as Straits of Constantinople) and the Dardanelles.
The Bosporus Straits run directly through Istanbul. The Straits are the only waterway connection between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, as illustrated in the figure at the right (also note the alternate Bosphorus spelling). They are critical to commercial shipping for Russia and former Soviet Republics bordering the Black Sea because the waterway divides the land masses of Eurasia and North Africa/Middle East. The Straits provide a narrow navigable channel for commercial, private and military shipping, and thus create a maritime choke-point between Eurasia and Africa.
Teaching Documents by James A Epley
- Weather/Time of Day
- Vehicle and Road Illumination Systems
- Driver Experience/Training
- Driver and Vehicle Age
- Increased Driver Distractions/Fatigue
- Safety Ratings of Vehicles
- Improved Safety Devices
- Decreased Speed Limits (Remember National “Drive 55”?)
- Increased Law Enforcement (DUI/Reckless Driving)
- Expanded Use of High Occupancy Toll Lanes
The descriptions of Heimdall and his management of traffic on the Bifröst, within the infrastructure provided by Yggdrasil, originated in the Prose Edda, believed to have been compiled by Icelandic scholar/historian Snorri Sturluson around the year 1220. Images by Marvel Studios and the producers of the movie Thor.
Admittedly, the Bifröst and Ygdrasil clearly belong to 13th century Norse Mythology, but the Author believes that there are practical applications to 21st century traffic safety as well -- After all, couldn't Heimdall's Gjallarhorn be considered a predecessor to today's emergency sirens, car horns and police whistles?
The Bosporus is a 17-mile long waterway that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles is a 40-mile long waterway that links the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas (http://www.eia.gov/countries/regions-topics.cfm?fips=wotc&trk=p3).
The Historical Significance of the Turkish Straits – Bosporus (known previously as Straits of Constantinople) and the Dardanelles.
The Bosporus Straits run directly through Istanbul. The Straits are the only waterway connection between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, as illustrated in the figure at the right (also note the alternate Bosphorus spelling). They are critical to commercial shipping for Russia and former Soviet Republics bordering the Black Sea because the waterway divides the land masses of Eurasia and North Africa/Middle East. The Straits provide a narrow navigable channel for commercial, private and military shipping, and thus create a maritime choke-point between Eurasia and Africa.
- Weather/Time of Day
- Vehicle and Road Illumination Systems
- Driver Experience/Training
- Driver and Vehicle Age
- Increased Driver Distractions/Fatigue
- Safety Ratings of Vehicles
- Improved Safety Devices
- Decreased Speed Limits (Remember National “Drive 55”?)
- Increased Law Enforcement (DUI/Reckless Driving)
- Expanded Use of High Occupancy Toll Lanes
The descriptions of Heimdall and his management of traffic on the Bifröst, within the infrastructure provided by Yggdrasil, originated in the Prose Edda, believed to have been compiled by Icelandic scholar/historian Snorri Sturluson around the year 1220. Images by Marvel Studios and the producers of the movie Thor.
Admittedly, the Bifröst and Ygdrasil clearly belong to 13th century Norse Mythology, but the Author believes that there are practical applications to 21st century traffic safety as well -- After all, couldn't Heimdall's Gjallarhorn be considered a predecessor to today's emergency sirens, car horns and police whistles?