International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013
In this paper, the temperature dependent electrical measurements by employing a Quantum Focus Ins... more In this paper, the temperature dependent electrical measurements by employing a Quantum Focus Instrument (QFI) and analytical analysis were presented and applied to Aluminum Gallium Nitride, Gallium Nitride (AlGaN-GaN) High Electron-Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). The analytical evaluation of band bap energy, electron mobility, thermal conductivity and thermal resistance has been carried out. The electrical measurements have been done using network analyzer with infrared IR measurement technology. The results obtained on the basis of electrical measurements are compared with analytical and simulated results for the purpose of validation of our outcomes. The measured data shows a good agreement with analytical and simulated results, thereby validating our approach of AlGaN/GaN HEMT analysis.
2009 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference, 2009
Abstract This paper proposes a low power linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for test pattern g... more Abstract This paper proposes a low power linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for test pattern generation (TPG) technique with reducing power dissipation during testing. The correlations between the consecutive patterns are higher during normal mode than during ...
ABSTRACT We report the investigations on the temperature dependent dielectric properties of Nd su... more ABSTRACT We report the investigations on the temperature dependent dielectric properties of Nd substituted Barium titanate compounds with compositional formula Ba6–3xNd8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.6) in a wide temperature range of −160°C to +160°C, at selected frequencies (10 KHz, 50 KHz, 100 KHz, 500 KHz, 1 MHz). Variation of dielectric parameters (i.e. dielectric constant and loss tangent) with respect to temperature showed an anomaly that occurred at low temperatures for the three compounds that were synthesized. The temperature range in which the anomalies were observed was found to be −70°C to −90°C. The temperature of the anomaly shifted to lower temperature with an increase in composition. Temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was estimated to be +92.2878 ppm/°C.
Semiconductor memories are considered one of the most important aspects of modern microelectronic... more Semiconductor memories are considered one of the most important aspects of modern microelectronics. Memories are the most important universal components in SoC (System on Chip) today. Almost all SoC’s contain some type of embedded memories, such as ROM, RAM, DRAM and flash memory. Testing them becomes a challenge as these devices become more complex. The modeling and simulation of Memory BIST is presented in this paper. The architecture is implemented using Hardware Description Language and an area overhead is analyzed. The LR algorithm is implemented on to test the SRAM faults like stuck at faults, inversion coupling faults, linked faults etc.
This paper presents an analysis of the temperature dependent properties and performance of coplan... more This paper presents an analysis of the temperature dependent properties and performance of coplanar waveguide transmission lines on Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (BST) thin films. Comparison of the temperature dependent permittivity at microwave frequencies with models of heterogeneous ferroelectrics reveals significant physical properties, such as the Curie temperature, Curie-Weiss constant, and statistical defects in the films. The maximum phase shift and tunability are obtained at the temperature where the permittivity is highest.
M-type hexagonal ferrite powders, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co x Ru x Fe (12−2x) O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6... more M-type hexagonal ferrite powders, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co x Ru x Fe (12−2x) O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2) have been synthesized by conventional ceramic method. Magnetic properties have been investigated as a function of substitution of Co and Ru ions at applied external ...
Dielectric ceramics in the BaO–Sm2O3–TiO2 ternary system have been synthesized and characterized.... more Dielectric ceramics in the BaO–Sm2O3–TiO2 ternary system have been synthesized and characterized. Solid solutions with the formula Ba6−3xSm8+2xTi18O54 with x=0.0, 0.2–0.7 have been synthesized, which are in the vicinity of BaO·Sm2O3·4TiO2 (consistent with x=0.5) ternary system. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis of synthesized specimens has been done from which lattice parameters as a function of composition (x) were determined. Crystal
This paper deals with the investigation of structural and absorption properties of microwave diel... more This paper deals with the investigation of structural and absorption properties of microwave dielectric ceramics with the general formula Ba6–3xR8+2xTi18O54 where R = La, Sm and x = 2/3. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed tungsten bronze type crystal structure with orthorhombic symmetry for these ceramics. The scanning electron micrograph shows uniform needle like elongated grains. Absorption properties i.e. absorption loss, return loss and insertion loss have been measured for the synthesised samples with respect to the frequency in the range 8.0 GHz–12.0 GHz at room temperature.
Bi modified Ba4La9.33Ti18O54 solid solutions were synthesized by conventional mixed oxide route. ... more Bi modified Ba4La9.33Ti18O54 solid solutions were synthesized by conventional mixed oxide route. The three composition with molar formula Ba4(La(1 - z)Biz)9.33Ti18O54 where z = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 were characterized for structural and dielectric properties. A detailed study related to variation in dielectric properties namely dielectric constant and dielectric loss with change in temperature from 298 K to 423 K was carried out in the frequency range 10 kHz–10 MHz. It was observed that dielectric constant decreases as the temperature increase from 298 K to 423 K in the entire frequency range for all the three samples. There was very small change in dielectric loss. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was estimated to improve from 273.8 ppm/K to 54.5 ppm/K as Bi contents increases from z = 0.0 to 0.2. Such materials would be a suitable candidate for applications in mobile communications.
ABSTRACT In this study, we report on the frequency dependence of dielectric and conductivity prop... more ABSTRACT In this study, we report on the frequency dependence of dielectric and conductivity properties of a Ba6 - 3xLa8 + 2xTi18O54 compound with x = 0.6 in a temperature range of 283–523 K. X-Ray diffraction confirmed the formation of single-phase compound in the orthorhombic system. Dielectric constant was observed to be decreased with increase in frequency. A dielectric anomaly has occurred at 323 K. Dielectric constant was constantly higher up to certain temperature, but then decreased linearly with rise in temperature. Loss tangent was observed to increase with temperature and frequency. A.C. conductivity increased with temperature and was frequency independent at higher frequencies.
ABSTRACT We report the investigations on the temperature dependent dielectric properties of Nd su... more ABSTRACT We report the investigations on the temperature dependent dielectric properties of Nd substituted Barium titanate compounds with compositional formula Ba6–3xNd8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.6) in a wide temperature range of −160°C to +160°C, at selected frequencies (10 KHz, 50 KHz, 100 KHz, 500 KHz, 1 MHz). Variation of dielectric parameters (i.e. dielectric constant and loss tangent) with respect to temperature showed an anomaly that occurred at low temperatures for the three compounds that were synthesized. The temperature range in which the anomalies were observed was found to be −70°C to −90°C. The temperature of the anomaly shifted to lower temperature with an increase in composition. Temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was estimated to be +92.2878 ppm/°C.
The optimization of dielectric properties of barium rare earth titanate was carried out by simult... more The optimization of dielectric properties of barium rare earth titanate was carried out by simultaneous substitution of Sm, La and Bi ions. The effects of substitution of Bi on dielectric and structural characteristics of Ba 4 (La 0.3 Sm 0.7 ) 9.33 Ti 18 O 54 were investigated. The solid solutions, Ba 4 (La (1ÀyÀz) Sm y Bi z ) 9.33 Ti 18 O 54 with y = 0.7 and z = 0.0-0.2, synthesized by solid state reaction technique were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The dielectric properties were measured using a network analyzer in the frequency range 0.3-3.0 GHz. It has been found that Bi substitution not only increases the dielectric constant but also improves the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. However the tangent loss increases with increase in Bi substitution. Among the investigated compositions, Ba 4 (La (1ÀyÀz) Sm y Bi z ) 9.33 Ti 18 O 54 dielectric ceramic with y = 0.7 and z = 1.0 has got high dielectric constant (82), low tangent loss (3.3 Â 10 À3 ) at 3 GHz and near zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (À5 ppm/8C). It could be suitable candidate for applications in wireless communication systems. #
ABSTRACT Dielectric properties have been investigated and compared for three series of ceramic co... more ABSTRACT Dielectric properties have been investigated and compared for three series of ceramic compounds based on complex oxides with molecular formula Ba6 − 3xLn8 + 2xTi18O54 with Ln (lanthanide) = Sm, Nd and Gd and x = 0.0 – 0.7. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to study the crystal structure of the sintered ceramics. Fired densities have been observed to be almost constant up to a certain composition then decreased with an increase in x. Values of dielectric constant (ϵ′) and loss tangent (tanδ) were decreased with increased composition as well as frequency. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) was estimated in the temperature range of 20°C to 80°C.
a b s t r a c t M-type hexagonal ferrite series, Ba (1−x) Sr x Fe 12 O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6... more a b s t r a c t M-type hexagonal ferrite series, Ba (1−x) Sr x Fe 12 O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0), has been synthesized by conventional ceramic method. Hysteresis parameters have been investigated at an applied field of 10 kOe and absorption has been studied at X-band as a function of thickness, substitution and frequency. Microstructure and X-ray diffraction confirmed hexagonal structure of ferrite. The substitution causes profound increase in absorption, coercivity and magnetization. The magnetic parameters have been characterized by taking into account microstructure and preferential site occupancy. Curie temperature decreases with substitution due to the formation of spin canting structure.
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 2006
Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on some optical properties of xZnO AE 2xPbO AE (1-3x)B 2 O 3 gla... more Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on some optical properties of xZnO AE 2xPbO AE (1-3x)B 2 O 3 glasses have been studied in the wavelength range 300-800 nm. Decrease in transmittance indicates the formation of color-center defects. Values for the energy-band gap, the width of the energy tail above the mobility gap and the cut-off wavelength have been measured before and after irradiation. Changes in the optical properties are explained in terms of radiation-induced structural defects and the composition of the glass.
M-type hexagonal ferrite composition, Ba (1− x ) Sr x Fe 12 O 19 (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1... more M-type hexagonal ferrite composition, Ba (1− x ) Sr x Fe 12 O 19 (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0), was prepared by a two route ceramic method. Complex permittivity (ε′−jε″) and complex permeability (μ′−jμ″) have been measured using a network analyzer from 8.2 to 12.4 ...
The electromagnetic parameters of synthesized M-type hexagonal ferrite composites, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 ... more The electromagnetic parameters of synthesized M-type hexagonal ferrite composites, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co x Zr x Fe (12-2x) O 19 (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0), are measured from 0.1-18 GHz. The ferrite composites exhibit dielectric behavior contrary to conventional magnetic nature of ferrite composites. The electron hopping between Fe 2+ ions and Fe 3+ ions enhances dielectric properties making it useful for EMI/EMC applications. The relationship is established between microstructure and microwave properties. The damped domain wall dispersion is observed along low frequency region. The various mechanisms behind variations of investigated parameters are discussed.
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2013
In this paper, the temperature dependent electrical measurements by employing a Quantum Focus Ins... more In this paper, the temperature dependent electrical measurements by employing a Quantum Focus Instrument (QFI) and analytical analysis were presented and applied to Aluminum Gallium Nitride, Gallium Nitride (AlGaN-GaN) High Electron-Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). The analytical evaluation of band bap energy, electron mobility, thermal conductivity and thermal resistance has been carried out. The electrical measurements have been done using network analyzer with infrared IR measurement technology. The results obtained on the basis of electrical measurements are compared with analytical and simulated results for the purpose of validation of our outcomes. The measured data shows a good agreement with analytical and simulated results, thereby validating our approach of AlGaN/GaN HEMT analysis.
2009 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference, 2009
Abstract This paper proposes a low power linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for test pattern g... more Abstract This paper proposes a low power linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for test pattern generation (TPG) technique with reducing power dissipation during testing. The correlations between the consecutive patterns are higher during normal mode than during ...
ABSTRACT We report the investigations on the temperature dependent dielectric properties of Nd su... more ABSTRACT We report the investigations on the temperature dependent dielectric properties of Nd substituted Barium titanate compounds with compositional formula Ba6–3xNd8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.6) in a wide temperature range of −160°C to +160°C, at selected frequencies (10 KHz, 50 KHz, 100 KHz, 500 KHz, 1 MHz). Variation of dielectric parameters (i.e. dielectric constant and loss tangent) with respect to temperature showed an anomaly that occurred at low temperatures for the three compounds that were synthesized. The temperature range in which the anomalies were observed was found to be −70°C to −90°C. The temperature of the anomaly shifted to lower temperature with an increase in composition. Temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was estimated to be +92.2878 ppm/°C.
Semiconductor memories are considered one of the most important aspects of modern microelectronic... more Semiconductor memories are considered one of the most important aspects of modern microelectronics. Memories are the most important universal components in SoC (System on Chip) today. Almost all SoC’s contain some type of embedded memories, such as ROM, RAM, DRAM and flash memory. Testing them becomes a challenge as these devices become more complex. The modeling and simulation of Memory BIST is presented in this paper. The architecture is implemented using Hardware Description Language and an area overhead is analyzed. The LR algorithm is implemented on to test the SRAM faults like stuck at faults, inversion coupling faults, linked faults etc.
This paper presents an analysis of the temperature dependent properties and performance of coplan... more This paper presents an analysis of the temperature dependent properties and performance of coplanar waveguide transmission lines on Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 TiO 3 (BST) thin films. Comparison of the temperature dependent permittivity at microwave frequencies with models of heterogeneous ferroelectrics reveals significant physical properties, such as the Curie temperature, Curie-Weiss constant, and statistical defects in the films. The maximum phase shift and tunability are obtained at the temperature where the permittivity is highest.
M-type hexagonal ferrite powders, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co x Ru x Fe (12−2x) O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6... more M-type hexagonal ferrite powders, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co x Ru x Fe (12−2x) O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2) have been synthesized by conventional ceramic method. Magnetic properties have been investigated as a function of substitution of Co and Ru ions at applied external ...
Dielectric ceramics in the BaO–Sm2O3–TiO2 ternary system have been synthesized and characterized.... more Dielectric ceramics in the BaO–Sm2O3–TiO2 ternary system have been synthesized and characterized. Solid solutions with the formula Ba6−3xSm8+2xTi18O54 with x=0.0, 0.2–0.7 have been synthesized, which are in the vicinity of BaO·Sm2O3·4TiO2 (consistent with x=0.5) ternary system. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis of synthesized specimens has been done from which lattice parameters as a function of composition (x) were determined. Crystal
This paper deals with the investigation of structural and absorption properties of microwave diel... more This paper deals with the investigation of structural and absorption properties of microwave dielectric ceramics with the general formula Ba6–3xR8+2xTi18O54 where R = La, Sm and x = 2/3. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed tungsten bronze type crystal structure with orthorhombic symmetry for these ceramics. The scanning electron micrograph shows uniform needle like elongated grains. Absorption properties i.e. absorption loss, return loss and insertion loss have been measured for the synthesised samples with respect to the frequency in the range 8.0 GHz–12.0 GHz at room temperature.
Bi modified Ba4La9.33Ti18O54 solid solutions were synthesized by conventional mixed oxide route. ... more Bi modified Ba4La9.33Ti18O54 solid solutions were synthesized by conventional mixed oxide route. The three composition with molar formula Ba4(La(1 - z)Biz)9.33Ti18O54 where z = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2 were characterized for structural and dielectric properties. A detailed study related to variation in dielectric properties namely dielectric constant and dielectric loss with change in temperature from 298 K to 423 K was carried out in the frequency range 10 kHz–10 MHz. It was observed that dielectric constant decreases as the temperature increase from 298 K to 423 K in the entire frequency range for all the three samples. There was very small change in dielectric loss. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was estimated to improve from 273.8 ppm/K to 54.5 ppm/K as Bi contents increases from z = 0.0 to 0.2. Such materials would be a suitable candidate for applications in mobile communications.
ABSTRACT In this study, we report on the frequency dependence of dielectric and conductivity prop... more ABSTRACT In this study, we report on the frequency dependence of dielectric and conductivity properties of a Ba6 - 3xLa8 + 2xTi18O54 compound with x = 0.6 in a temperature range of 283–523 K. X-Ray diffraction confirmed the formation of single-phase compound in the orthorhombic system. Dielectric constant was observed to be decreased with increase in frequency. A dielectric anomaly has occurred at 323 K. Dielectric constant was constantly higher up to certain temperature, but then decreased linearly with rise in temperature. Loss tangent was observed to increase with temperature and frequency. A.C. conductivity increased with temperature and was frequency independent at higher frequencies.
ABSTRACT We report the investigations on the temperature dependent dielectric properties of Nd su... more ABSTRACT We report the investigations on the temperature dependent dielectric properties of Nd substituted Barium titanate compounds with compositional formula Ba6–3xNd8+2xTi18O54 (x = 0.0, 0.3 and 0.6) in a wide temperature range of −160°C to +160°C, at selected frequencies (10 KHz, 50 KHz, 100 KHz, 500 KHz, 1 MHz). Variation of dielectric parameters (i.e. dielectric constant and loss tangent) with respect to temperature showed an anomaly that occurred at low temperatures for the three compounds that were synthesized. The temperature range in which the anomalies were observed was found to be −70°C to −90°C. The temperature of the anomaly shifted to lower temperature with an increase in composition. Temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was estimated to be +92.2878 ppm/°C.
The optimization of dielectric properties of barium rare earth titanate was carried out by simult... more The optimization of dielectric properties of barium rare earth titanate was carried out by simultaneous substitution of Sm, La and Bi ions. The effects of substitution of Bi on dielectric and structural characteristics of Ba 4 (La 0.3 Sm 0.7 ) 9.33 Ti 18 O 54 were investigated. The solid solutions, Ba 4 (La (1ÀyÀz) Sm y Bi z ) 9.33 Ti 18 O 54 with y = 0.7 and z = 0.0-0.2, synthesized by solid state reaction technique were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The dielectric properties were measured using a network analyzer in the frequency range 0.3-3.0 GHz. It has been found that Bi substitution not only increases the dielectric constant but also improves the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency. However the tangent loss increases with increase in Bi substitution. Among the investigated compositions, Ba 4 (La (1ÀyÀz) Sm y Bi z ) 9.33 Ti 18 O 54 dielectric ceramic with y = 0.7 and z = 1.0 has got high dielectric constant (82), low tangent loss (3.3 Â 10 À3 ) at 3 GHz and near zero temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (À5 ppm/8C). It could be suitable candidate for applications in wireless communication systems. #
ABSTRACT Dielectric properties have been investigated and compared for three series of ceramic co... more ABSTRACT Dielectric properties have been investigated and compared for three series of ceramic compounds based on complex oxides with molecular formula Ba6 − 3xLn8 + 2xTi18O54 with Ln (lanthanide) = Sm, Nd and Gd and x = 0.0 – 0.7. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to study the crystal structure of the sintered ceramics. Fired densities have been observed to be almost constant up to a certain composition then decreased with an increase in x. Values of dielectric constant (ϵ′) and loss tangent (tanδ) were decreased with increased composition as well as frequency. The temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) was estimated in the temperature range of 20°C to 80°C.
a b s t r a c t M-type hexagonal ferrite series, Ba (1−x) Sr x Fe 12 O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6... more a b s t r a c t M-type hexagonal ferrite series, Ba (1−x) Sr x Fe 12 O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0), has been synthesized by conventional ceramic method. Hysteresis parameters have been investigated at an applied field of 10 kOe and absorption has been studied at X-band as a function of thickness, substitution and frequency. Microstructure and X-ray diffraction confirmed hexagonal structure of ferrite. The substitution causes profound increase in absorption, coercivity and magnetization. The magnetic parameters have been characterized by taking into account microstructure and preferential site occupancy. Curie temperature decreases with substitution due to the formation of spin canting structure.
Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, 2006
Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on some optical properties of xZnO AE 2xPbO AE (1-3x)B 2 O 3 gla... more Effects of gamma-ray irradiation on some optical properties of xZnO AE 2xPbO AE (1-3x)B 2 O 3 glasses have been studied in the wavelength range 300-800 nm. Decrease in transmittance indicates the formation of color-center defects. Values for the energy-band gap, the width of the energy tail above the mobility gap and the cut-off wavelength have been measured before and after irradiation. Changes in the optical properties are explained in terms of radiation-induced structural defects and the composition of the glass.
M-type hexagonal ferrite composition, Ba (1− x ) Sr x Fe 12 O 19 (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1... more M-type hexagonal ferrite composition, Ba (1− x ) Sr x Fe 12 O 19 (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0), was prepared by a two route ceramic method. Complex permittivity (ε′−jε″) and complex permeability (μ′−jμ″) have been measured using a network analyzer from 8.2 to 12.4 ...
The electromagnetic parameters of synthesized M-type hexagonal ferrite composites, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 ... more The electromagnetic parameters of synthesized M-type hexagonal ferrite composites, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co x Zr x Fe (12-2x) O 19 (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0), are measured from 0.1-18 GHz. The ferrite composites exhibit dielectric behavior contrary to conventional magnetic nature of ferrite composites. The electron hopping between Fe 2+ ions and Fe 3+ ions enhances dielectric properties making it useful for EMI/EMC applications. The relationship is established between microstructure and microwave properties. The damped domain wall dispersion is observed along low frequency region. The various mechanisms behind variations of investigated parameters are discussed.
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