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Identification
- Summary
Dihydroergotamine is an ergot alkaloid used in the acute treatment of migraine headache and cluster headache.
- Brand Names
- Dhe-45, Migranal, Trudhesa
- Generic Name
- Dihydroergotamine
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00320
- Background
A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ergotamine. Dihydroergotamine is used as an abortive therapy for migraines.10 Its use has largely been supplanted by triptans in current therapy due to the class's greater selectivity and more favourable side effect profile.
Recent improvements have been made in the design of intranasal delivery devices allowing for greater delivery of dihydroergotamine solution to the vasculature-rich upper nasal cavity.7 The recently approved Precision Olfactory Delivery technology developed by Impel Neuropharma technology has correlated with an increase of 3-fold in Cmax and 4-fold in AUC despite the solution formulated at 75% of the strength of the existing intranasal product.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved, Investigational
- Structure
Structure for Dihydroergotamine (DB00320)
- Weight
- Average: 583.6774
Monoisotopic: 583.279469319 - Chemical Formula
- C33H37N5O5
- Synonyms
- (2R,4R,7R)-N-[(1S,2S,4R,7S)-7-benzyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,8-dioxo-3-oxa-6,9-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.02,6]dodecan-4-yl]-6-methyl-6,11-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.02,7.012,16]hexadeca-1(16),9,12,14-tetraene-4-carboxamide
- 5'-benzyl-12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-3',6',18-trioxo-9,10-dihydroergotaman
- 9,10-dihydro-12'-hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'-(phenylmethyl)ergotoman-3',6',18-trione
- 9,10-dihydroergotamine
- Dihidroergotamina
- Dihydroergotamin
- Dihydroergotamine
- Dihydroergotaminum
- Diidroergotamina
- External IDs
- MAP-0004
- MAP0004
Pharmacology
- Indication
Dihydroergotamine (DHE) in all formulations is indicated for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.8,9,10 As an injection, DHE is also indicated for the acute treatment of cluster headache episodes.8
DHE is not indicated for migraine prevention or the management of hemiplegic or basilar migraine.8,9,10
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Indication Type Indication Combined Product Details Approval Level Age Group Patient Characteristics Dose Form Treatment of Cluster headache •••••••••••• ••••• •••••••••• ••••••• •••••••• Treatment of Migraine headache, with or without aura •••••••••••• ••••• •••••••••• ••••••• ••••••••• ••••• - Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
DHE is indicated for the acute treatment of migraine headaches with or without aura and the acute treatment of cluster headache episodes.8,9,10 It is thought to exert its therapeutic effect through both neurological and vascular mechanisms.3 Its serotonin agonist activity may contribute to decreasing glutamatergic activity of the trigeminal system and subsequent cortical depolarization which is thought to participate in the neurological pathophysiology of migraine.2 The same serotonin agonist activity also contributes to vasoconstriction, producing both the characteristic side effect of chest tightness and potentially contributing to a therapeutic effect by counteracting the vasodilation due to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release in migraine attacks.3
- Mechanism of action
DHE has several proposed mechanisms which may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy as an abortive therapy in migraines. Firstly, DHE's s agonist action on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) 1b receptors in the smooth muscle of the cranial vasculature may provide relief via vasoconstriction of the blood vessels which typically become dilated due to the release of CGRP during migraine attacks. 3,4 DHE's off-target action at alpha-adrenergic receptors may further contribute via this mechanism. The remaining mechanisms are thought to provide relief through the effects on the neurogenic causes of migraine symptoms. Agonist action by DHE on 5-HT1b and 5-HT1d receptors inhibits nociceptive signalling through the ventroposteromedial thalamus to the trigeminal sensory neurons. Further action on 5-HT1b and 5-HT1d receptors with the addition of agonist activity on 5-HT1f in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis decreases afferent signalling to trigeminal sensory neurons which contributes to central sensitization. The success of experimental compounds selectively targetting the 5-HT1f receptor lends support to this mechanism. Lastly, action at 5-HT1d receptors on trigeminal nerve terminals inhibits the release of vasoactive neuropeptides thought to contribute to pain and inflammation during a migraine attack. DHE is known to have 10-fold less potency at the 5-HT1b receptor than its predecessor ergotamine which reduces the incidence of vascular side effects.5 Notably, DHE slowly diffuses from receptors resulting in unreliable prediction of effects from plasma concentration. 4
Target Actions Organism A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B agonistHumans A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D agonistHumans A5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F agonistHumans AD(2) dopamine receptor agonistHumans UAlpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C agonistHumans UAlpha-1 adrenergic receptors agonistHumans UAlpha-2 adrenergic receptors agonistHumans UD(3) dopamine receptor agonistHumans UD(4) dopamine receptor agonistHumans U5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 agonistHumans UBeta-3 adrenergic receptor agonistHumans - Absorption
When delivered intranasally, DHE has a bioavailability of approximately 40% with a tmax of 30-60 min.10,4. Oral formulations have largely been unsuccessful due to a 1% bioavailability owing to a high degree of first-pass metabolism. 4 Both intramuscular and intravenous administration produces 100% bioavailability with a tmax of 1-2 min and 24-34 min respectively.4,6
- Volume of distribution
- Protein binding
- Metabolism
DHE is metabolized in the liver to four identified metabolites. 8'-β-hydroxy dihydroergotamine is the primary metabolite and an active one with equipotency for adrenergic and 5-HT receptors.10 8'-β-hydroxy dihydroergotamine is present at plasma concentrations 5-7 times that of DHE. 4 The remaining metabolites are Dihydrolysergic acid, dihydrolysergic amide, and a fourth metabolite formed through oxidative opening of the proline ring are considered minor metabolites. After intranasal administration, it has been found that metabolites represent 20-30% of plasma AUC.10,4
- Route of elimination
DHE is primarily eliminated through hepatic metabolism followed by biliary excretion. 10,4 6-7% of a single intramuscular dose is excreted in the urine.4
- Half-life
DHE exhibits a biphasic elimination with half lives of 0.7-1 h and 10-13 h. 4
- Clearance
The total clearance of DHE is 1.5 L/h with renal clearance contributing 0.1 L/h.10
- Adverse Effects
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Symptoms of overdose include numbness, tingling, pain, and cyanosis of the extremities associated with diminished or absent peripheral pulses; respiratory depression; an increase and/or decrease in blood pressure, usually in that order; confusion, delirium, convulsions, and coma; and/or some degree of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.10 In case of overdose, warmth should be applied to affected areas and vasodilators administered. Local poison control centres should be contacted for detailed information on care in cases of ergot overdose.
- Pathways
- Not Available
- Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your software1,2-Benzodiazepine The risk or severity of CNS depression can be increased when Dihydroergotamine is combined with 1,2-Benzodiazepine. Abametapir The serum concentration of Dihydroergotamine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. Abatacept The metabolism of Dihydroergotamine can be increased when combined with Abatacept. Abemaciclib The serum concentration of Abemaciclib can be increased when it is combined with Dihydroergotamine. Acalabrutinib The metabolism of Dihydroergotamine can be decreased when combined with Acalabrutinib. - Food Interactions
- Avoid grapefruit products. Grapefruit inhibits the metabolism of dihydroergotamine through the CYP3A4 pathway and, therefore, may increase serum levels of dihydroergotamine. Use caution if co-administering.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Ingredients
Ingredient UNII CAS InChI Key Dihydroergotamine mesylate 81AXN7R2QT 6190-39-2 ADYPXRFPBQGGAH-UMYZUSPBSA-N Dihydroergotamine tartrate 76F2R89O7X 5989-77-5 FXDJFTCVYTUARH-YZPGULDNSA-N - International/Other Brands
- Dihydergot (Sandoz) / Ergont (Sigmapharm) / Ergotonin / Ikaran (Pierre Fabre) / Orstanorm (Amdipharm) / Trudhesa (Impel NeuroPharma, Inc.) / Verladyn (Verla)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image D.H.E. 45 Injection, solution 1 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Novartis 2001-10-03 2017-09-07 US 
D.H.E. 45 Injection, solution 1 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 2001-10-03 Not applicable US Dihydroergotamine (dhe), 1mg/ml Liquid 1 mg / mL Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Sterimax Inc 1946-12-31 Not applicable Canada 
Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Injection USP Liquid 1 mg / mL Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Sandoz S.P.A. 1999-12-23 2017-08-01 Canada Migranal Spray 4 mg/1mL Nasal Bausch Health, Canada Inc. 1997-12-08 Not applicable US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Injection, solution 1 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Sagent Pharmaceuticals 2022-09-15 Not applicable US Dihydroergotamine mesylate Spray 4 mg/1mL Nasal Advagen Pharma Ltd 2023-06-23 Not applicable US Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Spray 4 mg/1mL Nasal Amneal Pharmaceuticals NY LLC 2022-01-10 Not applicable US Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Injection 1 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA Inc. 2017-09-15 Not applicable US Dihydroergotamine Mesylate Injection 1 mg/1mL Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous Bedford Pharmaceuticals 2003-09-04 2011-08-31 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- N02CA51 — Dihydroergotamine, combinationsN02CA01 — Dihydroergotamine
- Drug Categories
- Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists
- Adrenergic Antagonists
- Agents that produce hypertension
- Alkaloids
- Analgesics
- Antidepressive Agents
- Antimigraine Preparations
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Central Nervous System Agents
- Central Nervous System Depressants
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors (strength unknown)
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Substrates with a Narrow Therapeutic Index
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Substrates
- Dopamine Agents
- Dopamine Agonists
- Ergot Alkaloids and Derivatives
- Ergot-derivative Dopamine Receptor Agonists
- Ergotamine Derivative
- Ergotamines
- Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring
- Narrow Therapeutic Index Drugs
- Nervous System
- Neurotransmitter Agents
- P-glycoprotein inhibitors
- Peripheral Nervous System Agents
- Sensory System Agents
- Serotonergic Drugs Shown to Increase Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
- Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Agonists
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists
- Serotonin Agents
- Serotonin Modulators
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists
- Sympatholytic (Adrenergic Blocking) Agents
- Vasoconstrictor Agents
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as ergotamines, dihydroergotamines, and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing an ergotamine moiety, which is structurally characterized by a benzyl substituent attached to the piperazine ring of the ergopeptine backbone.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Alkaloids and derivatives
- Class
- Ergoline and derivatives
- Sub Class
- Lysergic acids and derivatives
- Direct Parent
- Ergotamines, dihydroergotamines, and derivatives
- Alternative Parents
- Hybrid peptides / Dipeptides / Lysergamides / Indoloquinolines / Benzoquinolines / Quinoline-3-carboxamides / Pyrroloquinolines / N-acyl-alpha amino acids and derivatives / 3-alkylindoles / Piperidinecarboxamides show 20 more
- Substituents
- 1,4-diazinane / 3-alkylindole / 3-piperidinecarboxamide / Alkanolamine / Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Alpha-dipeptide / Amine / Amino acid or derivatives / Aralkylamine / Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound show 43 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- ergot alkaloid (CHEBI:4562)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 436O5HM03C
- CAS number
- 511-12-6
- InChI Key
- LUZRJRNZXALNLM-JGRZULCMSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C33H37N5O5/c1-32(35-29(39)21-15-23-22-10-6-11-24-28(22)20(17-34-24)16-25(23)36(2)18-21)31(41)38-26(14-19-8-4-3-5-9-19)30(40)37-13-7-12-27(37)33(38,42)43-32/h3-6,8-11,17,21,23,25-27,34,42H,7,12-16,18H2,1-2H3,(H,35,39)/t21-,23-,25-,26+,27+,32-,33+/m1/s1
- IUPAC Name
- (2R,4R,7R)-N-[(1S,2S,4R,7S)-7-benzyl-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-5,8-dioxo-3-oxa-6,9-diazatricyclo[7.3.0.0^{2,6}]dodecan-4-yl]-6-methyl-6,11-diazatetracyclo[7.6.1.0^{2,7}.0^{12,16}]hexadeca-1(16),9,12,14-tetraene-4-carboxamide
- SMILES
- [H][C@@]12CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N1C(=O)[C@](C)(NC(=O)[C@H]3CN(C)[C@]4([H])CC5=CNC6=CC=CC(=C56)[C@@]4([H])C3)O[C@@]21O
References
- General References
- Shrewsbury SB, Cook RO, Taylor G, Edwards C, Ramadan NM: Safety and pharmacokinetics of dihydroergotamine mesylate administered via a Novel (Tempo) inhaler. Headache. 2008 Mar;48(3):355-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2007.01006.x. Epub 2007 Dec 28. [Article]
- Charles A: The pathophysiology of migraine: implications for clinical management. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Feb;17(2):174-182. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30435-0. Epub 2017 Dec 8. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Sullivan HJ, Tursi A, Moore K, Campbell A, Floyd C, Wu C: Binding Interactions of Ergotamine and Dihydroergotamine to 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1B (5-HT1b) Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Dynamic Network Analysis. J Chem Inf Model. 2020 Mar 23;60(3):1749-1765. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b01082. Epub 2020 Mar 2. [Article]
- Silberstein SD, Kori SH: Dihydroergotamine: a review of formulation approaches for the acute treatment of migraine. CNS Drugs. 2013 May;27(5):385-94. doi: 10.1007/s40263-013-0061-2. [Article]
- Silberstein SD, Shrewsbury SB, Hoekman J: Dihydroergotamine (DHE) - Then and Now: A Narrative Review. Headache. 2020 Jan;60(1):40-57. doi: 10.1111/head.13700. Epub 2019 Nov 17. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) injection [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: Migranal (dihydroergotamine mesylate) nasal spray [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: TRUDHESA (dihydroergotamine mesylate) nasal spray [Link]
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0014465
- KEGG Drug
- D07837
- KEGG Compound
- C07798
- PubChem Compound
- 10531
- PubChem Substance
- 46507711
- ChemSpider
- 10091
- BindingDB
- 50295557
- 3418
- ChEBI
- 4562
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1732
- ZINC
- ZINC000003978005
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000078
- PharmGKB
- PA164743028
- PDBe Ligand
- 2GM
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Dihydroergotamine
- PDB Entries
- 4iaq
- FDA label
- Download (412 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (53.1 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Treatment Migraine 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 4 Completed Treatment Migraine 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 3 Completed Treatment Migraine 2 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 3 Completed Treatment Migraine / Migraine With Aura / Migraine Without Aura 3 somestatus stop reason just information to hide 3 Suspended Treatment Migraine 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Valeant pharmaceuticals international
- Bedford laboratories
- Paddock laboratories inc
- Packagers
- Bedford Labs
- Draxis Specialty Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Mipharm S.P.A.
- Novartis AG
- Paddock Labs
- Prescript Pharmaceuticals
- Valeant Ltd.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg/1mL Tablet 2.5 mg Liquid Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg / mL Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous; Subcutaneous 1 mg/1mL Spray, metered Nasal 4 mg/1mL Solution Oral Tablet Capsule Spray Nasal Spray Nasal 4 mg/1mL Spray Nasal 4 mg/ml Liquid Nasal 0.5 mg / act Liquid Nasal 4 mg / mL - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit D.H.E. 45 1 mg/ml Solution 1ml Ampule 124.61USD ampule D.H.E. 45 1 mg/ml ampul 120.88USD ml Migranal 4 mg/ml Solution 1ml Glass Container 94.46USD container Migranal nasal spray 90.83USD ml D.h.e.45 1 mg/ml ampul 54.46USD ml Dihydroergotamine 1 mg/ml am 38.0USD ml Dihydroergotamine Mesylate 1 mg/ml Solution 1ml Ampule 36.4USD ampule Migranal 4 mg/ml Spray 11.17USD spray Dihydroergotamine (Dhe) 1 mg/ml 4.18USD ml Dihydroergotamine Mesylate 1 mg/ml 3.9USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
Patent Number Pediatric Extension Approved Expires (estimated) Region US5169849 No 1992-12-08 2009-12-08 US US9919117 No 2018-03-20 2033-03-17 US US10507295 No 2019-12-17 2032-12-25 US US10940278 No 2021-03-09 2033-01-23 US US9550036 No 2017-01-24 2032-09-05 US US11185497 No 2021-11-30 2039-01-04 US US11266799 No 2016-11-05 2036-11-05 US
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
- Not Available
- Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.229 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.04 ALOGPS logP 2.71 Chemaxon logS -3.4 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 9.71 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 8.39 Chemaxon Physiological Charge 1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 6 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 118.21 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 4 Chemaxon Refractivity 159.39 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 63.55 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 8 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five No Chemaxon Ghose Filter No Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.8348 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.9817 Caco-2 permeable - 0.7956 P-glycoprotein substrate Substrate 0.8223 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Inhibitor 0.556 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Inhibitor 0.8388 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8229 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.7897 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.9116 CYP450 3A4 substrate Substrate 0.7227 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9046 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.895 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8931 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.8994 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Inhibitor 0.712 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.591 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.897 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.9549 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9961 Rat acute toxicity 2.9503 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9365 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.5788
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Download (10.9 KB)
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 254.8219136 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 243.0304136 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 222.79095 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 252.2618136 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 241.4676136 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 224.60472 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 253.6588136 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 241.8507136 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 230.64742 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
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- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:10452531, PubMed:1315531, PubMed:1328844, PubMed:1348246, PubMed:1351684, PubMed:1559993, PubMed:1565658, PubMed:1610347, PubMed:23519210, PubMed:23519215, PubMed:29925951, PubMed:8218242). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (PubMed:23519210, PubMed:23519215, PubMed:29925951). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase (PubMed:10452531, PubMed:1315531, PubMed:1328844, PubMed:1348246, PubMed:1351684, PubMed:1559993, PubMed:1565658, PubMed:1610347, PubMed:23519210, PubMed:23519215, PubMed:29925951, PubMed:8218242). HTR1B is coupled to G(i)/G(o) G alpha proteins and mediates inhibitory neurotransmission by inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity (PubMed:29925951, PubMed:35610220). Arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways (PubMed:29925951). Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, nociceptive processing, pain perception, mood and behavior (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20945968). Besides, plays a role in vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries (PubMed:15853772)
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
- Gene Name
- HTR1B
- Uniprot ID
- P28222
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B
- Molecular Weight
- 43567.535 Da
References
- Willems EW, Trion M, De Vries P, Heiligers JP, Villalon CM, Saxena PR: Pharmacological evidence that alpha1-and alpha2-adrenoceptors mediate vasoconstriction of carotid arteriovenous anastomoses in anaesthetized pigs. Br J Pharmacol. 1999 Jul;127(5):1263-71. [Article]
- Villalon CM, Centurion D, Willems EW, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Valdivia LF: 5-HT1B receptors and alpha 2A/2C-adrenoceptors mediate external carotid vasoconstriction to dihydroergotamine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 26;484(2-3):287-90. [Article]
- Buzzi MG, Moskowitz MA: Evidence for 5-HT1B/1D receptors mediating the antimigraine effect of sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine. Cephalalgia. 1991 Sep;11(4):165-8. [Article]
- Yu XJ, Waeber C, Castanon N, Scearce K, Hen R, Macor JE, Chauveau J, Moskowitz MA: 5-Carboxamido-tryptamine, CP-122,288 and dihydroergotamine but not sumatriptan, CP-93,129, and serotonin-5-O-carboxymethyl-glycyl -tyrosinamide block dural plasma protein extravasation in knockout mice that lack 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 1996 May;49(5):761-5. [Article]
- Pauwels PJ, Palmier C, Dupuis DS, Colpaert FC: Interaction of 5-HT1B/D ligands with recombinant h 5-HT1A receptors: intrinsic activity and modulation by G-protein activation state. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1998 May;357(5):490-9. [Article]
- Sullivan HJ, Tursi A, Moore K, Campbell A, Floyd C, Wu C: Binding Interactions of Ergotamine and Dihydroergotamine to 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1B (5-HT1b) Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Dynamic Network Analysis. J Chem Inf Model. 2020 Mar 23;60(3):1749-1765. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b01082. Epub 2020 Mar 2. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:10452531, PubMed:1565658, PubMed:1652050, PubMed:33762731). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances (PubMed:10452531, PubMed:1565658, PubMed:1652050, PubMed:33762731). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase (PubMed:10452531, PubMed:1565658, PubMed:1652050, PubMed:33762731). HTR1D is coupled to G(i)/G(o) G alpha proteins and mediates inhibitory neurotransmission by inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity (PubMed:33762731). Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20945968). May also play a role in regulating the release of other neurotransmitters (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20945968). May play a role in vasoconstriction (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20945968)
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
- Gene Name
- HTR1D
- Uniprot ID
- P28221
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D
- Molecular Weight
- 41906.38 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Lesage AS, Wouters R, Van Gompel P, Heylen L, Vanhoenacker P, Haegeman G, Luyten WH, Leysen JE: Agonistic properties of alniditan, sumatriptan and dihydroergotamine on human 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors expressed in various mammalian cell lines. Br J Pharmacol. 1998 Apr;123(8):1655-65. [Article]
- Buzzi MG, Moskowitz MA: The trigemino-vascular system and migraine. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1992 Apr;40(4):313-7. [Article]
- Buzzi MG, Dimitriadou V, Theoharides TC, Moskowitz MA: 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor agonists for the abortive treatment of vascular headaches block mast cell, endothelial and platelet activation within the rat dura mater after trigeminal stimulation. Brain Res. 1992 Jun 26;583(1-2):137-49. [Article]
- Silberstein SD, McCrory DC: Ergotamine and dihydroergotamine: history, pharmacology, and efficacy. Headache. 2003 Feb;43(2):144-66. [Article]
- Hoyer D, Lery H, Waeber C, Bruinvels AT, Nozulak J, Palacios JM: "5-HT1R" or 5-HT1D sites? Evidence for 5-HT1D binding sites in rabbit brain. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1992 Sep;346(3):249-54. [Article]
- Villalon CM, Centurion D, Willems EW, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Valdivia LF: 5-HT1B receptors and alpha 2A/2C-adrenoceptors mediate external carotid vasoconstriction to dihydroergotamine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 26;484(2-3):287-90. [Article]
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) injection [Link]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: TRUDHESA (dihydroergotamine mesylate) nasal spray [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:21422162, PubMed:34239069, PubMed:8380639, PubMed:8384716). Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances (PubMed:21422162, PubMed:8380639, PubMed:8384716). Receptor for lasmiditan, a drug for the treatment of acute migraine (PubMed:34239069). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase (PubMed:34239069). HTR1F is coupled to G(i)/G(o) G alpha proteins and mediates inhibitory neurotransmission by inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity (PubMed:34239069, PubMed:35610220)
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
- Gene Name
- HTR1F
- Uniprot ID
- P30939
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F
- Molecular Weight
- 41708.505 Da
References
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase (PubMed:21645528). Positively regulates postnatal regression of retinal hyaloid vessels via suppression of VEGFR2/KDR activity, downstream of OPN5 (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- dopamine binding
- Gene Name
- DRD2
- Uniprot ID
- P14416
- Uniprot Name
- D(2) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 50618.91 Da
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Yu X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang S, Qiu Y, Chen Y, Zhu F: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database describing target druggability information. Nucleic Acids Res. 2024 Jan 5;52(D1):D1465-D1477. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad751. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) injection [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol
- Specific Function
- alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding
- Gene Name
- ADRA2A
- Uniprot ID
- P08913
- Uniprot Name
- Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 50646.17 Da
References
- Villalon CM, Centurion D, Willems EW, Arulmani U, Saxena PR, Valdivia LF: 5-HT1B receptors and alpha 2A/2C-adrenoceptors mediate external carotid vasoconstriction to dihydroergotamine. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 26;484(2-3):287-90. [Article]
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:22957663, PubMed:3138543, PubMed:33762731, PubMed:37935376, PubMed:37935377, PubMed:8138923, PubMed:8393041). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances (PubMed:22957663, PubMed:3138543, PubMed:33762731, PubMed:38552625, PubMed:8138923, PubMed:8393041). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase (PubMed:22957663, PubMed:3138543, PubMed:33762731, PubMed:8138923, PubMed:8393041). HTR1A is coupled to G(i)/G(o) G alpha proteins and mediates inhibitory neurotransmission: signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity and activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that regulates the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores (PubMed:33762731, PubMed:35610220). Beta-arrestin family members regulate signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20363322, PubMed:20945968). Plays a role in the regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine release and in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20363322, PubMed:20945968). Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity, mood and behavior (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20363322, PubMed:20945968). Plays a role in the response to anxiogenic stimuli (PubMed:18476671, PubMed:20363322, PubMed:20945968)
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
- Gene Name
- HTR1A
- Uniprot ID
- P08908
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A
- Molecular Weight
- 46106.335 Da
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) injection [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:14744596, PubMed:1513320, PubMed:1608964, PubMed:1733778, PubMed:21422162, PubMed:33762731). Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances (PubMed:14744596, PubMed:1513320, PubMed:1608964, PubMed:1733778, PubMed:21422162, PubMed:33762731). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase (PubMed:14744596, PubMed:1513320, PubMed:1608964, PubMed:1733778, PubMed:21422162, PubMed:33762731). HTR1E is coupled to G(i)/G(o) G alpha proteins and mediates inhibitory neurotransmission by inhibiting adenylate cyclase activity (PubMed:33762731, PubMed:35610220)
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled receptor activity
- Gene Name
- HTR1E
- Uniprot ID
- P28566
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1E
- Molecular Weight
- 41681.57 Da
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:1330647, PubMed:18703043, PubMed:19057895, PubMed:21645528, PubMed:22300836, PubMed:35084960, PubMed:38552625). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including mescaline, psilocybin, 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (PubMed:28129538, PubMed:35084960). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors (PubMed:28129538, PubMed:35084960). HTR2A is coupled to G(q)/G(11) G alpha proteins and activates phospholipase C-beta, releasing diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) second messengers that modulate the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promote the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores, respectively (PubMed:18703043, PubMed:28129538, PubMed:35084960). Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways (PubMed:28129538, PubMed:35084960). Affects neural activity, perception, cognition and mood (PubMed:18297054). Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including responses to anxiogenic situations and psychoactive substances. Plays a role in intestinal smooth muscle contraction, and may play a role in arterial vasoconstriction (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding
- Gene Name
- HTR2A
- Uniprot ID
- P28223
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A
- Molecular Weight
- 52602.58 Da
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) injection [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:18703043, PubMed:23519210, PubMed:7926008, PubMed:8078486, PubMed:8143856, PubMed:8882600). Also functions as a receptor for various ergot alkaloid derivatives and psychoactive substances (PubMed:12970106, PubMed:18703043, PubMed:23519210, PubMed:23519215, PubMed:24357322, PubMed:28129538, PubMed:30127358, PubMed:36087581, PubMed:7926008, PubMed:8078486, PubMed:8143856). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors (PubMed:23519215, PubMed:28129538, PubMed:8078486, PubMed:8143856, PubMed:8882600). HTR2B is coupled to G(q)/G(11) G alpha proteins and activates phospholipase C-beta, releasing diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) second messengers that modulate the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promote the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores, respectively (PubMed:18703043, PubMed:23519215, PubMed:28129538, PubMed:30127358, PubMed:36087581, PubMed:8078486, PubMed:8143856, PubMed:8882600). Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways (PubMed:23519215, PubMed:28129538, PubMed:30127358, PubMed:36087581). Plays a role in the regulation of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine release, 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake and in the regulation of extracellular dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine levels, and thereby affects neural activity. May play a role in the perception of pain (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of behavior, including impulsive behavior (PubMed:21179162). Required for normal proliferation of embryonic cardiac myocytes and normal heart development (By similarity). Protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis (By similarity). Plays a role in the adaptation of pulmonary arteries to chronic hypoxia (By similarity). Plays a role in vasoconstriction (By similarity). Required for normal osteoblast function and proliferation, and for maintaining normal bone density (By similarity). Required for normal proliferation of the interstitial cells of Cajal in the intestine (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
- Gene Name
- HTR2B
- Uniprot ID
- P41595
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B
- Molecular Weight
- 54297.41 Da
References
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Schaerlinger B, Hickel P, Etienne N, Guesnier L, Maroteaux L: Agonist actions of dihydroergotamine at 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors and their possible relevance to antimigraine efficacy. Br J Pharmacol. 2003 Sep;140(2):277-84. Epub 2003 Aug 11. [Article]
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) (PubMed:12970106, PubMed:18703043, PubMed:19057895, PubMed:29398112, PubMed:7895773). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (PubMed:19057895, PubMed:29398112). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors (PubMed:18703043, PubMed:29398112). HTR2C is coupled to G(q)/G(11) G alpha proteins and activates phospholipase C-beta, releasing diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) second messengers that modulate the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and promote the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores, respectively (PubMed:18703043, PubMed:29398112). Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways (PubMed:29398112). Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelanocortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress (By similarity). Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- 1-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine binding
- Gene Name
- HTR2C
- Uniprot ID
- P28335
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C
- Molecular Weight
- 51804.645 Da
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) injection [Link]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine(PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes
- Specific Function
- alpha1-adrenergic receptor activity
Components:
| Name | UniProt ID |
|---|---|
| Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor | P35348 |
| Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor | P35368 |
| Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor | P25100 |
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) injection [Link]
- Kind
- Protein group
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The rank order of potency for agonists of this receptor is oxymetazoline > clonidine > epinephrine > norepinephrine > phenylephrine > dopamine > p-synephrine > p-tyramine > serotonin = p-octopamine. For antagonists, the rank order is yohimbine > phentolamine = mianserine > chlorpromazine = spiperone = prazosin > propanolol > alprenolol = pindolol
- Specific Function
- alpha-1B adrenergic receptor binding
Components:
| Name | UniProt ID |
|---|---|
| Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor | P08913 |
| Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor | P18089 |
| Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor | P18825 |
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) injection [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Promotes cell proliferation
- Specific Function
- dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go
- Gene Name
- DRD3
- Uniprot ID
- P35462
- Uniprot Name
- D(3) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 44194.315 Da
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Ramirez Rosas MB, Labruijere S, Villalon CM, Maassen Vandenbrink A: Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine1B/1D/1F receptors as a mechanism of action of antimigraine drugs. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;14(12):1599-610. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2013.806487. Epub 2013 Jul 2. [Article]
- FDA Approved Drug Products: D.H.E. 45 (dihydroergotamine mesylate) injection [Link]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Activated by dopamine, but also by epinephrine and norepinephrine, and by numerous synthetic agonists and drugs (PubMed:16423344, PubMed:27659709, PubMed:29051383, PubMed:9003072). Agonist binding triggers signaling via G proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase (PubMed:16423344, PubMed:27659709, PubMed:29051383, PubMed:7512953, PubMed:7643093). Modulates the circadian rhythm of contrast sensitivity by regulating the rhythmic expression of NPAS2 in the retinal ganglion cells (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- dopamine binding
- Gene Name
- DRD4
- Uniprot ID
- P21917
- Uniprot Name
- D(4) dopamine receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 43900.84 Da
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone and a mitogen (PubMed:10821780, PubMed:16102731, PubMed:35714614, PubMed:9603189). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of downstream effectors (PubMed:16102731, PubMed:35714614). HTR4 is coupled to G(s) G alpha proteins and mediates activation of adenylate cyclase activity (PubMed:16102731, PubMed:35714614)
- Specific Function
- G protein-coupled serotonin receptor activity
- Gene Name
- HTR4
- Uniprot ID
- Q13639
- Uniprot Name
- 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4
- Molecular Weight
- 43760.975 Da
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Agonist
- General Function
- Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. Beta-3 is involved in the regulation of lipolysis and thermogenesis
- Specific Function
- beta-3 adrenergic receptor binding
- Gene Name
- ADRB3
- Uniprot ID
- P13945
- Uniprot Name
- Beta-3 adrenergic receptor
- Molecular Weight
- 43518.615 Da
References
- Dahlof C, Maassen Van Den Brink A: Dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, methysergide and sumatriptan - basic science in relation to migraine treatment. Headache. 2012 Apr;52(4):707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02124.x. Epub 2012 Mar 22. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of sterols, steroid hormones, retinoids and fatty acids (PubMed:10681376, PubMed:11093772, PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:19965576, PubMed:20702771, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds (PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847, PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:21490593, PubMed:21576599, PubMed:2732228). Exhibits high catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2-hydroxy E1 and E2, as well as D-ring hydroxylated E1 and E2 at the C-16 position (PubMed:11555828, PubMed:12865317, PubMed:14559847). Plays a role in the metabolism of androgens, particularly in oxidative deactivation of testosterone (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:22773874, PubMed:2732228). Metabolizes testosterone to less biologically active 2beta- and 6beta-hydroxytestosterones (PubMed:15373842, PubMed:15764715, PubMed:2732228). Contributes to the formation of hydroxycholesterols (oxysterols), particularly A-ring hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-4beta position, and side chain hydroxylated cholesterol at the C-25 position, likely contributing to cholesterol degradation and bile acid biosynthesis (PubMed:21576599). Catalyzes bisallylic hydroxylation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (PubMed:9435160). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of PUFA with a preference for the last double bond (PubMed:19965576). Metabolizes endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) to 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ethanolamides (EpETrE-EAs), potentially modulating endocannabinoid system signaling (PubMed:20702771). Plays a role in the metabolism of retinoids. Displays high catalytic activity for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal, a rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) (PubMed:10681376). Further metabolizes atRA toward 4-hydroxyretinoate and may play a role in hepatic atRA clearance (PubMed:11093772). Responsible for oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics. Acts as a 2-exo-monooxygenase for plant lipid 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (PubMed:11159812). Metabolizes the majority of the administered drugs. Catalyzes sulfoxidation of the anthelmintics albendazole and fenbendazole (PubMed:10759686). Hydroxylates antimalarial drug quinine (PubMed:8968357). Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase (PubMed:11695850). Also involved in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the inactivation of the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)) (PubMed:29461981)
- Specific Function
- 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase activity
- Gene Name
- CYP3A4
- Uniprot ID
- P08684
- Uniprot Name
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- Molecular Weight
- 57342.67 Da
References
- Moubarak AS, Rosenkrans CF Jr, Johnson ZB: Modulation of cytochrome P450 metabolism by ergonovine and dihydroergotamine. Vet Hum Toxicol. 2003 Feb;45(1):6-9. [Article]
- Zhou Q, Yan XF, Zhang ZM, Pan WS, Zeng S: Rational prescription of drugs within similar therapeutic or structural class for gastrointestinal disease treatment: drug metabolism and its related interactions. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Nov 14;13(42):5618-28. [Article]
- Dihydroergotamine FDA label [File]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:8898203, PubMed:9038218). Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins (PubMed:8898203). Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells (PubMed:2897240, PubMed:35970996, PubMed:9038218)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type xenobiotic transporter activity
- Gene Name
- ABCB1
- Uniprot ID
- P08183
- Uniprot Name
- ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1
- Molecular Weight
- 141477.255 Da
References
- Ekins S, Kim RB, Leake BF, Dantzig AH, Schuetz EG, Lan LB, Yasuda K, Shepard RL, Winter MA, Schuetz JD, Wikel JH, Wrighton SA: Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships of inhibitors of P-glycoprotein. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 May;61(5):964-73. [Article]
- Yasuda K, Lan LB, Sanglard D, Furuya K, Schuetz JD, Schuetz EG: Interaction of cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors with P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Oct;303(1):323-32. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 20, 2024 05:52