Explore a selection of our essential drug information below, or:
Identification
- Summary
Bumetanide is a sulfamyl diuretic used to treat edema in congestive heart failure, hepatic and renal disease, and nephrotic syndrome.
- Brand Names
- Bumex, Burinex
- Generic Name
- Bumetanide
- DrugBank Accession Number
- DB00887
- Background
Bumetanide is a sulfamyl diuretic.
- Type
- Small Molecule
- Groups
- Approved
- Structure
Structure for Bumetanide (DB00887)
- Weight
- Average: 364.416
Monoisotopic: 364.10929245 - Chemical Formula
- C17H20N2O5S
- Synonyms
- 3-(aminosulfonyl)-5-(butylamino)-4-phenoxybenzoic acid
- 3-butylamino-4-(phenoxy)-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
- 3-butylamino-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoyl-benzoic acid
- 3-butylamino-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
- Bumetanida
- Bumetanide
- Bumetanidum
- External IDs
- CS 380
- RO 10-6338
- RO-10-6338
Pharmacology
- Indication
For the treatment of edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic and renal disease including the nephrotic syndrome.
Reduce drug development failure ratesBuild, train, & validate machine-learning modelswith evidence-based and structured datasets.Build, train, & validate predictive machine-learning models with structured datasets.- Associated Conditions
- Contraindications & Blackbox Warnings
Prevent Adverse Drug Events TodayTap into our Clinical API for life-saving information on contraindications & blackbox warnings, population restrictions, harmful risks, & more.Avoid life-threatening adverse drug events with our Clinical API- Pharmacodynamics
Bumetanide is a loop diuretic of the sulfamyl category to treat heart failure. It is often used in patients in whom high doses of furosemide are ineffective. There is however no reason not to use bumetanide as a first choice drug. The main difference between the two substances is in bioavailability. Bumetanide has more predictable pharmacokinetic properties as well as clinical effect. In patients with normal renal function, bumetanide is 40 times more effective than furosemide.
- Mechanism of action
Bumetanide interferes with renal cAMP and/or inhibits the sodium-potassium ATPase pump. Bumetanide appears to block the active reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle, altering electrolyte transfer in the proximal tubule. This results in excretion of sodium, chloride, and water and, hence, diuresis.
Target Actions Organism ASolute carrier family 12 member 1 inhibitorHumans ASolute carrier family 12 member 2 inhibitorHumans ASolute carrier family 12 member 4 inhibitorHumans ASolute carrier family 12 member 5 inhibitorHumans UCystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator antagonistHumans - Absorption
Bumetanide is completely absorbed (80%), and the absorption is not altered when taken with food. Bioavailability is almost complete.
- Volume of distribution
Not Available
- Protein binding
97%
- Metabolism
45% is secreted unchanged. Urinary and biliary metabolites are formed by oxidation of the N-butyl side chain.
- Route of elimination
Oral administration of carbon-14 labeled Bumex to human volunteers revealed that 81% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in the urine, 45% of it as unchanged drug. Biliary excretion of Bumex amounted to only 2% of the administered dose.
- Half-life
60-90 minutes
- Clearance
- 0.2 - 1.1 mL/min/kg [preterm and full-term neonates with respiratory disorders]
- 2.17 mL/min/kg [neonates receiving bumetanide for volume overload]
- 1.8 +/- 0.3 mL/min/kg [geriatric subjects]
- 2.9 +/- 0.2 mL/min/kg [younger subjects]
- Adverse Effects
Improve decision support & research outcomesWith structured adverse effects data, including: blackbox warnings, adverse reactions, warning & precautions, & incidence rates. View sample adverse effects data in our new Data Library!Improve decision support & research outcomes with our structured adverse effects data.- Toxicity
Overdosage can lead to acute profound water loss, volume and electrolyte depletion, dehydration, reduction of blood volume and circulatory collapse with a possibility of vascular thrombosis and embolism. Electrolyte depletion may be manifested by weakness, dizziness, mental confusion, anorexia, lethargy, vomiting and cramps. Treatment consists of replacement of fluid and electrolyte losses by careful monitoring of the urine and electrolyte output and serum electrolyte levels.
- Pathways
Pathway Category Bumetanide Action Pathway Drug action - Pharmacogenomic Effects/ADRs
- Not Available
Interactions
- Drug Interactions
- This information should not be interpreted without the help of a healthcare provider. If you believe you are experiencing an interaction, contact a healthcare provider immediately. The absence of an interaction does not necessarily mean no interactions exist.
Drug Interaction Integrate drug-drug
interactions in your softwareAbacavir Bumetanide may decrease the excretion rate of Abacavir which could result in a higher serum level. Abaloparatide The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bumetanide is combined with Abaloparatide. Acamprosate The excretion of Acamprosate can be decreased when combined with Bumetanide. Acarbose The therapeutic efficacy of Acarbose can be decreased when used in combination with Bumetanide. Acebutolol The risk or severity of adverse effects can be increased when Bumetanide is combined with Acebutolol. - Food Interactions
- Take with food. Food reduces irritation.
Products
Drug product information from 10+ global regionsOur datasets provide approved product information including:dosage, form, labeller, route of administration, and marketing period.Access drug product information from over 10 global regions.- Product Images
- International/Other Brands
- Burinex (F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.) / Fordiuran (LEO Pharma A/S) / Lunetoron (Daiichi Sankyo)
- Brand Name Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bumex Tablet 0.5 mg/1 Oral Genentech, Inc. 1983-02-28 2007-10-31 US 
Bumex Tablet 2 mg/1 Oral Validus Pharmaceuticals LLC 1983-02-28 Not applicable US Bumex Tablet 2 mg/1 Oral Genentech, Inc. 1983-02-28 2007-10-31 US Bumex Tablet 1 mg/1 Oral Validus Pharmaceuticals LLC 1983-02-28 Not applicable US Bumex Tablet 1 mg/1 Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1996-04-04 2011-05-31 US - Generic Prescription Products
Name Dosage Strength Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bumetanide Tablet 0.5 mg/1 Oral Upsher-Smith Laboratories, LLC 2018-01-30 Not applicable US Bumetanide Tablet 2 mg/1 Oral Nucare Pharmaceuticals,inc. 1996-11-21 2020-12-31 US Bumetanide Tablet 2 mg/1 Oral A-S Medication Solutions 1996-11-21 Not applicable US Bumetanide Tablet 1 mg/1 Oral Heritage Pharmaceuticals Inc. d/b/a Avet Pharmaceuticals Inc. 2024-06-28 Not applicable US Bumetanide Tablet 1 mg/1 Oral Ncs Health Care Of Ky, Inc Dba Vangard Labs 2017-10-18 Not applicable US - Mixture Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image BURINEX TABLET 1 mg Bumetanide (1 mg) + Bumetanide (1.0 mg) Tablet Oral ZUELLIG PHARMA SDN. BHD. 1988-03-05 Not applicable Singapore 
BURINEX TABLET 1 mg Bumetanide (1 mg) + Bumetanide (1.0 mg) Tablet Oral ZUELLIG PHARMA SDN. BHD. 1988-03-05 Not applicable Singapore - Unapproved/Other Products
Name Ingredients Dosage Route Labeller Marketing Start Marketing End Region Image Bumex Bumetanide (1 mg/1) Tablet Oral Physicians Total Care, Inc. 1996-04-04 2011-05-31 US
Categories
- ATC Codes
- G01AE10 — Combinations of sulfonamides
- G01AE — Sulfonamides
- G01A — ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS, EXCL. COMBINATIONS WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
- G01 — GYNECOLOGICAL ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS
- G — GENITO URINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES
- C03CB — Sulfonamides and potassium in combination
- C03C — HIGH-CEILING DIURETICS
- C03 — DIURETICS
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- C03EB — High-ceiling diuretics and potassium-sparing agents
- C03E — DIURETICS AND POTASSIUM-SPARING AGENTS IN COMBINATION
- C03 — DIURETICS
- C — CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- Drug Categories
- Acids, Carbocyclic
- Agents Causing Muscle Toxicity
- Amides
- Aminobenzoates
- Benzene Derivatives
- Benzoates
- Cardiovascular Agents
- Diuretics
- Drugs causing inadvertant photosensitivity
- Drugs that are Mainly Renally Excreted
- Genito Urinary System and Sex Hormones
- Gynecological Antiinfectives and Antiseptics
- High-Ceiling Diuretics
- High-Ceiling Diuretics and Potassium-Sparing Agents
- Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents
- Hypotensive Agents
- Increased Diuresis at Loop of Henle
- Membrane Transport Modulators
- meta-Aminobenzoates
- Natriuretic Agents
- Nephrotoxic agents
- Non Potassium Sparing Diuretics
- OAT1/SLC22A6 inhibitors
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Inhibitors
- OAT3/SLC22A8 Substrates
- Photosensitizing Agents
- Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors
- Sulfonamides
- Sulfones
- Sulfur Compounds
- Chemical TaxonomyProvided by Classyfire
- Description
- This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as diphenylethers. These are aromatic compounds containing two benzene rings linked to each other through an ether group.
- Kingdom
- Organic compounds
- Super Class
- Benzenoids
- Class
- Benzene and substituted derivatives
- Sub Class
- Diphenylethers
- Direct Parent
- Diphenylethers
- Alternative Parents
- Aminobenzenesulfonamides / Diarylethers / Aminobenzoic acids / Benzenesulfonyl compounds / Benzoic acids / Phenylalkylamines / Aniline and substituted anilines / Phenoxy compounds / Phenol ethers / Benzoyl derivatives show 9 more
- Substituents
- Amine / Amino acid / Amino acid or derivatives / Aminobenzenesulfonamide / Aminobenzoic acid / Aminobenzoic acid or derivatives / Aminosulfonyl compound / Aniline or substituted anilines / Aromatic homomonocyclic compound / Benzenesulfonamide show 27 more
- Molecular Framework
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds
- External Descriptors
- sulfonamide, benzoic acids, amino acid (CHEBI:3213)
- Affected organisms
- Humans and other mammals
Chemical Identifiers
- UNII
- 0Y2S3XUQ5H
- CAS number
- 28395-03-1
- InChI Key
- MAEIEVLCKWDQJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- InChI
- InChI=1S/C17H20N2O5S/c1-2-3-9-19-14-10-12(17(20)21)11-15(25(18,22)23)16(14)24-13-7-5-4-6-8-13/h4-8,10-11,19H,2-3,9H2,1H3,(H,20,21)(H2,18,22,23)
- IUPAC Name
- 3-(butylamino)-4-phenoxy-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
- SMILES
- CCCCNC1=C(OC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=CC(=C1)C(O)=O)S(N)(=O)=O
References
- Synthesis Reference
Felt, P.W.; US. Patent 3,634,583; January 11, 1972; assigned to Lovens Kemiske Fabrik Produktionsaktieselskab, Denmark.
- General References
- Not Available
- External Links
- Human Metabolome Database
- HMDB0015024
- KEGG Drug
- D00247
- PubChem Compound
- 2471
- PubChem Substance
- 46508147
- ChemSpider
- 2377
- BindingDB
- 25903
- 1808
- ChEBI
- 3213
- ChEMBL
- CHEMBL1072
- ZINC
- ZINC000003813061
- Therapeutic Targets Database
- DAP000361
- PharmGKB
- PA448682
- PDBe Ligand
- 82U
- RxList
- RxList Drug Page
- Drugs.com
- Drugs.com Drug Page
- PDRhealth
- PDRhealth Drug Page
- Wikipedia
- Bumetanide
- PDB Entries
- 7s1x / 7s1y / 7smp
- FDA label
- Download (206 KB)
- MSDS
- Download (72.8 KB)
Clinical Trials
- Clinical Trials
Clinical Trial & Rare Diseases Add-on Data Package
Explore 4,000+ rare diseases, orphan drugs & condition pairs, clinical trial why stopped data, & more. Preview package Phase Status Purpose Conditions Count Start Date Why Stopped 100+ additional columns Unlock 175K+ rows when you subscribe.View sample dataNot Available Completed Not Available Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‑19) / COVID / Hypertension 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Completed Treatment Critical Care / Fluid Shifts 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Recruiting Treatment Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Terminated Diagnostic Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide Not Available Terminated Treatment Chronic Kidney Insufficiencies 1 somestatus stop reason just information to hide
Pharmacoeconomics
- Manufacturers
- Baxter healthcare corp anesthesia and critical care
- Bedford laboratories div ben venue laboratories inc
- Hospira inc
- Teva parenteral medicines inc
- Validus pharmaceuticals inc
- Ivax pharmaceuticals inc sub teva pharmaceuticals usa
- Sandoz inc
- Packagers
- Advanced Pharmaceutical Services Inc.
- Amerisource Health Services Corp.
- Baxter International Inc.
- Bedford Labs
- Ben Venue Laboratories Inc.
- Cardinal Health
- Dispensing Solutions
- Diversified Healthcare Services Inc.
- Eon Labs
- F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
- Heartland Repack Services LLC
- Hospira Inc.
- Ivax Pharmaceuticals
- Major Pharmaceuticals
- Mckesson Corp.
- Murfreesboro Pharmaceutical Nursing Supply
- Mylan
- Neuman Distributors Inc.
- Nucare Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- PD-Rx Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Pharmaceutical Utilization Management Program VA Inc.
- Physicians Total Care Inc.
- Sandhills Packaging Inc.
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
- UDL Laboratories
- Vangard Labs Inc.
- Dosage Forms
Form Route Strength Tablet Oral 1.000 mg Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.25 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.25 mg/1mL Injection, solution Intravenous 0.25 mg/1mL Tablet Oral .5 mg/1 Tablet Oral 0.5 mg/1 Tablet Oral 2 mg/1 Tablet Oral 1 mg/1 Capsule Tablet Oral 1 mg Tablet Oral 5 mg Tablet Oral 2 mg Injection, solution Intravenous 0.5 mg/ml Injection Intramuscular; Intravenous 0.5 mg/ml Tablet Oral 1 mg Tablet Oral Solution Intravenous 0.5000 mg Tablet Oral 1.00 mg - Prices
Unit description Cost Unit Bumex 2 mg tablet 1.65USD tablet Bumetanide 2 mg tablet 1.04USD tablet Bumex 1 mg tablet 0.98USD tablet Bumex 0.5 mg tablet 0.7USD tablet Bumetanide 1 mg tablet 0.51USD tablet Bumetanide 0.5 mg tablet 0.38USD tablet Bumetanide 0.25 mg/ml vial 0.25USD ml DrugBank does not sell nor buy drugs. Pricing information is supplied for informational purposes only.- Patents
- Not Available
Properties
- State
- Solid
- Experimental Properties
Property Value Source melting point (°C) 230-231 Felt, P.W.; US. Patent 3,634,583; January 11, 1972; assigned to Lovens Kemiske Fabrik Produktionsaktieselskab, Denmark. water solubility >20 mg/mL (in base) Not Available logP 2.6 Not Available - Predicted Properties
Property Value Source Water Solubility 0.0257 mg/mL ALOGPS logP 3.44 ALOGPS logP 2.42 Chemaxon logS -4.2 ALOGPS pKa (Strongest Acidic) 4.69 Chemaxon pKa (Strongest Basic) 2.7 Chemaxon Physiological Charge -1 Chemaxon Hydrogen Acceptor Count 5 Chemaxon Hydrogen Donor Count 3 Chemaxon Polar Surface Area 118.72 Å2 Chemaxon Rotatable Bond Count 8 Chemaxon Refractivity 95.78 m3·mol-1 Chemaxon Polarizability 37.21 Å3 Chemaxon Number of Rings 2 Chemaxon Bioavailability 1 Chemaxon Rule of Five Yes Chemaxon Ghose Filter Yes Chemaxon Veber's Rule No Chemaxon MDDR-like Rule No Chemaxon - Predicted ADMET Features
Property Value Probability Human Intestinal Absorption + 0.9967 Blood Brain Barrier - 0.6636 Caco-2 permeable - 0.6492 P-glycoprotein substrate Non-substrate 0.509 P-glycoprotein inhibitor I Non-inhibitor 0.8765 P-glycoprotein inhibitor II Non-inhibitor 0.8103 Renal organic cation transporter Non-inhibitor 0.8966 CYP450 2C9 substrate Non-substrate 0.6368 CYP450 2D6 substrate Non-substrate 0.7656 CYP450 3A4 substrate Non-substrate 0.6059 CYP450 1A2 substrate Non-inhibitor 0.9045 CYP450 2C9 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9071 CYP450 2D6 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9231 CYP450 2C19 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.9025 CYP450 3A4 inhibitor Non-inhibitor 0.8309 CYP450 inhibitory promiscuity Low CYP Inhibitory Promiscuity 0.7344 Ames test Non AMES toxic 0.6794 Carcinogenicity Non-carcinogens 0.7294 Biodegradation Not ready biodegradable 0.9837 Rat acute toxicity 1.8148 LD50, mol/kg Not applicable hERG inhibition (predictor I) Weak inhibitor 0.9319 hERG inhibition (predictor II) Non-inhibitor 0.8591
Spectra
- Mass Spec (NIST)
- Not Available
- Spectra
- Chromatographic Properties
Collision Cross Sections (CCS)
Adduct CCS Value (Å2) Source type Source [M-H]- 202.1862591 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 201.1089591 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M-H]- 182.65544 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+H]+ 202.6577591 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 202.0907591 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+H]+ 185.03035 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019) [M+Na]+ 202.2088591 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 201.4214591 predictedDarkChem Lite v0.1.0 [M+Na]+ 193.31616 predictedDeepCCS 1.0 (2019)
Targets
Build, predict & validate machine-learning models
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock newinsights and accelerate drug research.
Use our structured and evidence-based datasets to unlock new insights and accelerate drug research.
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Renal sodium, potassium and chloride ion cotransporter that mediates the transepithelial NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb and plays an essential role in the urinary concentration and volume regulation (PubMed:21321328). Electrically silent transporter system (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- sodium
- Gene Name
- SLC12A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q13621
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 12 member 1
- Molecular Weight
- 121449.13 Da
References
- Thakker RV: Chloride channels in renal disease. Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp. 1999;29:289-98. [Article]
- Karolyi L, Koch MC, Grzeschik KH, Seyberth HW: The molecular genetic approach to "Bartter's syndrome". J Mol Med (Berl). 1998 Apr;76(5):317-25. [Article]
- Thakker RV: The role of renal chloride channel mutations in kidney stone disease and nephrocalcinosis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1998 Jul;7(4):385-8. [Article]
- Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [Article]
- Long P, Mercer A, Begum R, Stephens GJ, Sihra TS, Jovanovic JN: Nerve Terminal GABAA Receptors Activate Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Signaling to Inhibit Voltage-gated Ca2+ Influx and Glutamate Release. J Biol Chem. 2009 Mar 27;284(13):8726-37. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M805322200. Epub 2009 Jan 13. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Cation-chloride cotransporter which mediates the electroneutral transport of chloride, potassium and/or sodium ions across the membrane (PubMed:16669787, PubMed:32081947, PubMed:32294086, PubMed:33597714, PubMed:35585053, PubMed:36239040, PubMed:36306358, PubMed:7629105). Plays a vital role in the regulation of ionic balance and cell volume (PubMed:16669787, PubMed:32081947, PubMed:32294086, PubMed:7629105)
- Specific Function
- ammonium channel activity
- Gene Name
- SLC12A2
- Uniprot ID
- P55011
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 12 member 2
- Molecular Weight
- 131445.825 Da
References
- Panet R, Marcus M, Atlan H: Overexpression of the Na(+)/K(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter gene induces cell proliferation and phenotypic transformation in mouse fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol. 2000 Jan;182(1):109-18. [Article]
- Evans RL, Park K, Turner RJ, Watson GE, Nguyen HV, Dennett MR, Hand AR, Flagella M, Shull GE, Melvin JE: Severe impairment of salivation in Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC1)-deficient mice. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 1;275(35):26720-6. [Article]
- Wall SM, Fischer MP, Mehta P, Hassell KA, Park SJ: Contribution of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter NKCC1 to Cl- secretion in rat OMCD. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2001 May;280(5):F913-21. [Article]
- Akar F, Jiang G, Paul RJ, O'Neill WC: Contractile regulation of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 Aug;281(2):C579-84. [Article]
- Jiang G, Klein JD, O'Neill WC: Growth factors stimulate the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC1 through a novel Cl(-)-dependent mechanism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001 Dec;281(6):C1948-53. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport when activated by cell swelling (PubMed:35759661). May contribute to cell volume homeostasis in single cells (PubMed:10913127, PubMed:34031912). May be involved in the regulation of basolateral Cl(-) exit in NaCl absorbing epithelia (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- ATP binding
- Gene Name
- SLC12A4
- Uniprot ID
- Q9UP95
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 12 member 4
- Molecular Weight
- 120648.73 Da
References
- Jean-Xavier C, Pflieger JF, Liabeuf S, Vinay L: Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in lumbar motoneurons remain depolarizing after neonatal spinal cord transection in the rat. J Neurophysiol. 2006 Nov;96(5):2274-81. Epub 2006 Jun 28. [Article]
- Reid KH, Guo SZ, Iyer VG: Agents which block potassium-chloride cotransport prevent sound-triggered seizures in post-ischemic audiogenic seizure-prone rats. Brain Res. 2000 May 2;864(1):134-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Yes
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport in mature neurons and is required for neuronal Cl(-) homeostasis (PubMed:12106695). As major extruder of intracellular chloride, it establishes the low neuronal Cl(-) levels required for chloride influx after binding of GABA-A and glycine to their receptors, with subsequent hyperpolarization and neuronal inhibition (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of dendritic spine formation and maturation (PubMed:24668262)
- Specific Function
- ammonium channel activity
- Gene Name
- SLC12A5
- Uniprot ID
- Q9H2X9
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 12 member 5
- Molecular Weight
- 126182.49 Da
References
- Reid KH, Guo SZ, Iyer VG: Agents which block potassium-chloride cotransport prevent sound-triggered seizures in post-ischemic audiogenic seizure-prone rats. Brain Res. 2000 May 2;864(1):134-7. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Antagonist
- General Function
- Epithelial ion channel that plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion and water transport and fluid homeostasis (PubMed:26823428). Mediates the transport of chloride ions across the cell membrane (PubMed:10792060, PubMed:11524016, PubMed:11707463, PubMed:12519745, PubMed:12529365, PubMed:12588899, PubMed:12727866, PubMed:15010471, PubMed:17036051, PubMed:1712898, PubMed:17182731, PubMed:19398555, PubMed:19621064, PubMed:22178883, PubMed:25330774, PubMed:26846474, PubMed:28087700, PubMed:8910473, PubMed:9804160). Possesses an intrinsic ATPase activity and utilizes ATP to gate its channel; the passive flow of anions through the channel is gated by cycles of ATP binding and hydrolysis by the ATP-binding domains (PubMed:11524016, PubMed:15284228, PubMed:26627831, PubMed:8910473). The ion channel is also permeable to HCO(3)(-); selectivity depends on the extracellular chloride concentration (PubMed:15010471, PubMed:19019741). In vitro, mediates ATP-dependent glutathione flux (PubMed:12727866). Exerts its function also by modulating the activity of other ion channels and transporters (PubMed:12403779, PubMed:22121115, PubMed:22178883, PubMed:27941075). Plays an important role in airway fluid homeostasis (PubMed:16645176, PubMed:19621064, PubMed:26823428). Contributes to the regulation of the pH and the ion content of the airway surface fluid layer and thereby plays an important role in defense against pathogens (PubMed:14668433, PubMed:16645176, PubMed:26823428). Modulates the activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) complex, in part by regulating the cell surface expression of the ENaC complex (PubMed:17182731, PubMed:17434346, PubMed:27941075). Inhibits the activity of the ENaC channel containing subunits SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G (PubMed:17182731). Inhibits the activity of the ENaC channel containing subunits SCNN1D, SCNN1B and SCNN1G, but not of the ENaC channel containing subunits SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G (PubMed:17182731, PubMed:27941075). May regulate bicarbonate secretion and salvage in epithelial cells by regulating the transporter SLC4A7 (PubMed:12403779). Can inhibit the chloride channel activity of ANO1 (PubMed:22178883). Plays a role in the chloride and bicarbonate homeostasis during sperm epididymal maturation and capacitation (PubMed:19923167, PubMed:27714810)
- Specific Function
- ABC-type transporter activity
- Gene Name
- CFTR
- Uniprot ID
- P13569
- Uniprot Name
- Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- Molecular Weight
- 168139.895 Da
References
- Reddy MM, Quinton PM: Bumetanide blocks CFTR GCl in the native sweat duct. Am J Physiol. 1999 Jan;276(1 Pt 1):C231-7. [Article]
Enzymes
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inducer
- General Function
- Dual cyclooxygenase and peroxidase in the biosynthesis pathway of prostanoids, a class of C20 oxylipins mainly derived from arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate, AA, C20:4(n-6)), with a particular role in the inflammatory response (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:16373578, PubMed:19540099, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). The cyclooxygenase activity oxygenates AA to the hydroperoxy endoperoxide prostaglandin G2 (PGG2), and the peroxidase activity reduces PGG2 to the hydroxy endoperoxide prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the precursor of all 2-series prostaglandins and thromboxanes (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). This complex transformation is initiated by abstraction of hydrogen at carbon 13 (with S-stereochemistry), followed by insertion of molecular O2 to form the endoperoxide bridge between carbon 9 and 11 that defines prostaglandins. The insertion of a second molecule of O2 (bis-oxygenase activity) yields a hydroperoxy group in PGG2 that is then reduced to PGH2 by two electrons (PubMed:16373578, PubMed:22942274, PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593, PubMed:7592599, PubMed:7947975, PubMed:9261177). Similarly catalyzes successive cyclooxygenation and peroxidation of dihomo-gamma-linoleate (DGLA, C20:3(n-6)) and eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) to corresponding PGH1 and PGH3, the precursors of 1- and 3-series prostaglandins (PubMed:11939906, PubMed:19540099). In an alternative pathway of prostanoid biosynthesis, converts 2-arachidonoyl lysophopholipids to prostanoid lysophopholipids, which are then hydrolyzed by intracellular phospholipases to release free prostanoids (PubMed:27642067). Metabolizes 2-arachidonoyl glycerol yielding the glyceryl ester of PGH2, a process that can contribute to pain response (PubMed:22942274). Generates lipid mediators from n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) via a lipoxygenase-type mechanism. Oxygenates PUFAs to hydroperoxy compounds and then reduces them to corresponding alcohols (PubMed:11034610, PubMed:11192938, PubMed:9048568, PubMed:9261177). Plays a role in the generation of resolution phase interaction products (resolvins) during both sterile and infectious inflammation (PubMed:12391014). Metabolizes docosahexaenoate (DHA, C22:6(n-3)) to 17R-HDHA, a precursor of the D-series resolvins (RvDs) (PubMed:12391014). As a component of the biosynthetic pathway of E-series resolvins (RvEs), converts eicosapentaenoate (EPA, C20:5(n-3)) primarily to 18S-HEPE that is further metabolized by ALOX5 and LTA4H to generate 18S-RvE1 and 18S-RvE2 (PubMed:21206090). In vascular endothelial cells, converts docosapentaenoate (DPA, C22:5(n-3)) to 13R-HDPA, a precursor for 13-series resolvins (RvTs) shown to activate macrophage phagocytosis during bacterial infection (PubMed:26236990). In activated leukocytes, contributes to oxygenation of hydroxyeicosatetraenoates (HETE) to diHETES (5,15-diHETE and 5,11-diHETE) (PubMed:22068350, PubMed:26282205). Can also use linoleate (LA, (9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate, C18:2(n-6)) as substrate and produce hydroxyoctadecadienoates (HODEs) in a regio- and stereospecific manner, being (9R)-HODE ((9R)-hydroxy-(10E,12Z)-octadecadienoate) and (13S)-HODE ((13S)-hydroxy-(9Z,11E)-octadecadienoate) its major products (By similarity). During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs) 15R-lipoxin A4 that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- enzyme binding
- Gene Name
- PTGS2
- Uniprot ID
- P35354
- Uniprot Name
- Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- Molecular Weight
- 68995.625 Da
References
- Cheng HF, Wang JL, Zhang MZ, McKanna JA, Harris RC: Role of p38 in the regulation of renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression by extracellular chloride. J Clin Invest. 2000 Sep;106(5):681-8. [Article]
Transporters
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- General Function
- As a major transporter of conjugated bile salts from plasma into the hepatocyte, it plays a key role in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts necessary for the solubilization and absorption of dietary fat and fat-soluble vitamins (PubMed:14660639, PubMed:24867799, PubMed:34060352, PubMed:8132774). It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presence of sodium (PubMed:14660639, PubMed:24867799, PubMed:34060352, PubMed:8132774). It exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various bile acids, such as taurocholate, cholate, as well as non-bile acid organic compounds, such as estrone sulfate (PubMed:14660639, PubMed:34060352). Works collaboratively with the ileal transporter (NTCP2), the organic solute transporter (OST), and the bile salt export pump (BSEP), to ensure efficacious biological recycling of bile acids during enterohepatic circulation (PubMed:33222321)
- Specific Function
- bile acid
- Gene Name
- SLC10A1
- Uniprot ID
- Q14973
- Uniprot Name
- Hepatic sodium/bile acid cotransporter
- Molecular Weight
- 38118.64 Da
References
- Hagenbuch B, Stieger B, Foguet M, Lubbert H, Meier PJ: Functional expression cloning and characterization of the hepatocyte Na+/bile acid cotransport system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 1;88(23):10629-33. [Article]
- Platte HD, Honscha W, Schuh K, Petzinger E: Functional characterization of the hepatic sodium-dependent taurocholate transporter stably transfected into an immortalized liver-derived cell line and V79 fibroblasts. Eur J Cell Biol. 1996 May;70(1):54-60. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- SubstrateInhibitor
- Curator comments
- Substrate activity was investigated in vitro.
- General Function
- Secondary active transporter that functions as a Na(+)-independent organic anion (OA)/dicarboxylate antiporter where the uptake of one molecule of OA into the cell is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of intracellular dicarboxylate such as 2-oxoglutarate or glutarate (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:11907186, PubMed:14675047, PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370, PubMed:28534121, PubMed:9950961). Mediates the uptake of OA across the basolateral side of proximal tubule epithelial cells, thereby contributing to the renal elimination of endogenous OA from the systemic circulation into the urine (PubMed:9887087). Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins (PubMed:28534121). Transports prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may contribute to their renal excretion (PubMed:11907186). Also mediates the uptake of cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP (PubMed:26377792). Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate (KYNA) and xanthurenate (XA) and may contribute to their secretion from the brain (PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). May transport glutamate (PubMed:26377792). Also involved in the disposition of uremic toxins and potentially toxic xenobiotics by the renal organic anion secretory pathway, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:14675047). Uremic toxins include the indoxyl sulfate (IS), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA), indole acetate (IA), 3-carboxy-4- methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF) and urate (PubMed:14675047, PubMed:26377792). Xenobiotics include the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA) (PubMed:11669456). May also contribute to the transport of organic compounds in testes across the blood-testis-barrier (PubMed:35307651)
- Specific Function
- alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A6
- Uniprot ID
- Q4U2R8
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 6
- Molecular Weight
- 61815.78 Da
References
- Race JE, Grassl SM, Williams WJ, Holtzman EJ: Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel human renal organic anion transporters (hOAT1 and hOAT3). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Feb 16;255(2):508-14. [Article]
- Uwai Y, Saito H, Hashimoto Y, Inui KI: Interaction and transport of thiazide diuretics, loop diuretics, and acetazolamide via rat renal organic anion transporter rOAT1. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Oct;295(1):261-5. [Article]
- VanWert AL, Gionfriddo MR, Sweet DH: Organic anion transporters: discovery, pharmacology, regulation and roles in pathophysiology. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2010 Jan;31(1):1-71. doi: 10.1002/bdd.693. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Functions as an organic anion/dicarboxylate exchanger that couples organic anion uptake indirectly to the sodium gradient (PubMed:14586168, PubMed:15644426, PubMed:15846473, PubMed:16455804, PubMed:31553721). Transports organic anions such as estrone 3-sulfate (E1S) and urate in exchange for dicarboxylates such as glutarate or ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate) (PubMed:14586168, PubMed:15846473, PubMed:15864504, PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). Plays an important role in the excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, especially from the kidney and the brain (PubMed:11306713, PubMed:14586168, PubMed:15846473). E1S transport is pH- and chloride-dependent and may also involve E1S/cGMP exchange (PubMed:26377792). Responsible for the transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2(alpha) (PGF2(alpha)) in the basolateral side of the renal tubule (PubMed:11907186). Involved in the transport of neuroactive tryptophan metabolites kynurenate and xanthurenate (PubMed:22108572, PubMed:23832370). Functions as a biopterin transporters involved in the uptake and the secretion of coenzymes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and sepiapterin to urine, thereby determining baseline levels of blood biopterins (PubMed:28534121). May be involved in the basolateral transport of steviol, a metabolite of the popular sugar substitute stevioside (PubMed:15644426). May participate in the detoxification/ renal excretion of drugs and xenobiotics, such as the histamine H(2)-receptor antagonists fexofenadine and cimetidine, the antibiotic benzylpenicillin (PCG), the anionic herbicide 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), the diagnostic agent p-aminohippurate (PAH), the antiviral acyclovir (ACV), and the mycotoxin ochratoxin (OTA), by transporting these exogenous organic anions across the cell membrane in exchange for dicarboxylates such as 2-oxoglutarate (PubMed:11669456, PubMed:15846473, PubMed:16455804). Contributes to the renal uptake of potent uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), indole acetate (IA), hippurate/N-benzoylglycine (HA) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionate (CMPF)), pravastatin, PCG, E1S and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and is partly involved in the renal uptake of temocaprilat (an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor) (PubMed:14675047). May contribute to the release of cortisol in the adrenals (PubMed:15864504). Involved in one of the detoxification systems on the choroid plexus (CP), removes substrates such as E1S or taurocholate (TC), PCG, 2,4-D and PAH, from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to the blood for eventual excretion in urine and bile (By similarity). Also contributes to the uptake of several other organic compounds such as the prostanoids prostaglandin E(2) and prostaglandin F(2-alpha), L-carnitine, and the therapeutic drugs allopurinol, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (By similarity). Mediates the transport of PAH, PCG, and the statins pravastatin and pitavastatin, from the cerebrum into the blood circulation across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In summary, plays a role in the efflux of drugs and xenobiotics, helping reduce their undesired toxicological effects on the body (By similarity)
- Specific Function
- organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A8
- Uniprot ID
- Q8TCC7
- Uniprot Name
- Organic anion transporter 3
- Molecular Weight
- 59855.585 Da
References
- Cha SH, Sekine T, Fukushima JI, Kanai Y, Kobayashi Y, Goya T, Endou H: Identification and characterization of human organic anion transporter 3 expressing predominantly in the kidney. Mol Pharmacol. 2001 May;59(5):1277-86. [Article]
- Kusuhara H, Sekine T, Utsunomiya-Tate N, Tsuda M, Kojima R, Cha SH, Sugiyama Y, Kanai Y, Endou H: Molecular cloning and characterization of a new multispecific organic anion transporter from rat brain. J Biol Chem. 1999 May 7;274(19):13675-80. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Antiporter that mediates the transport of conjugated steroids and other specific organic anions at the basal membrane of syncytiotrophoblast and at the apical membrane of proximal tubule epithelial cells, in exchange for anionic compounds (PubMed:10660625, PubMed:11907186, PubMed:15037815, PubMed:15102942, PubMed:15291761, PubMed:15576633, PubMed:17229912, PubMed:18501590, PubMed:26277985, PubMed:28027879). May be responsible for placental absorption of fetal-derived steroid sulfates such as estrone sulfate (E1S) and the steroid hormone precursor dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), as well as clearing waste products and xenobiotics from the fetus (PubMed:12409283). Maybe also be involved in placental urate homeostasis (PubMed:17229912). Facilitates the renal reabsorption of organic anions such as urate and derived steroid sulfates (PubMed:15037815, PubMed:17229912). Organic anion glutarate acts as conteranion for E1S renal uptake (PubMed:15037815, PubMed:17229912). Possible transport mode may also include DHEA-S/E1S exchange (PubMed:28027879). Also interacts with inorganic anions such as chloride and hydroxyl ions, therefore possible transport modes may include E1S/Cl(-), E1S/OH(-), urate/Cl(-) and urate/OH(-) (PubMed:17229912). Also mediates the transport of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2-alpha) and may be involved in their renal excretion (PubMed:11907186). Also able to uptake anionic drugs, diuretics, bile salts and ochratoxin A (PubMed:10660625, PubMed:26277985). Mediates the unidirectional efflux of glutamate and aspartate (PubMed:28027879). Glutamate efflux down its transmembrane gradient may drive SLC22A11/OAT4-mediated placental uptake of E1S (PubMed:26277985)
- Specific Function
- organic anion transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A11
- Uniprot ID
- Q9NSA0
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 11
- Molecular Weight
- 59970.945 Da
References
- Cha SH, Sekine T, Kusuhara H, Yu E, Kim JY, Kim DK, Sugiyama Y, Kanai Y, Endou H: Molecular cloning and characterization of multispecific organic anion transporter 4 expressed in the placenta. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 11;275(6):4507-12. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Inhibitor
- General Function
- Functions as a Na(+)-independent bidirectional multispecific transporter (PubMed:11327718, PubMed:18216183, PubMed:21446918, PubMed:28945155). Contributes to the renal and hepatic elimination of endogenous organic compounds from the systemic circulation into the urine and bile, respectively (PubMed:11327718, PubMed:25904762). Capable of transporting a wide range of purine and pyrimidine nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides, with cGMP, 2'deoxyguanosine and GMP being the preferred substrates (PubMed:11327718, PubMed:18216183, PubMed:26377792, PubMed:28945155). Functions as a pH- and chloride-independent cGMP bidirectional facilitative transporter that can regulate both intracellular and extracellular levels of cGMP and may be involved in cGMP signaling pathways (PubMed:18216183, PubMed:26377792). Mediates orotate/glutamate bidirectional exchange and most likely display a physiological role in hepatic release of glutamate into the blood (PubMed:21446918). Involved in renal secretion and possible reabsorption of creatinine (PubMed:25904762, PubMed:28945155). Able to uptake prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and may contribute to PGE2 renal excretion (Probable). Also transports alpha-ketoglutarate and urate (PubMed:11327718, PubMed:26377792). Apart from the orotate/glutamate exchange, the counterions for the uptake of other SLC22A7/OAT2 substrates remain to be identified (PubMed:26377792)
- Specific Function
- alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLC22A7
- Uniprot ID
- Q9Y694
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier family 22 member 7
- Molecular Weight
- 60025.025 Da
References
- Sekine T, Cha SH, Tsuda M, Apiwattanakul N, Nakajima N, Kanai Y, Endou H: Identification of multispecific organic anion transporter 2 expressed predominantly in the liver. FEBS Lett. 1998 Jun 12;429(2):179-82. [Article]
- Kind
- Protein
- Organism
- Humans
- Pharmacological action
- Unknown
- Actions
- Substrate
- General Function
- Na(+)-independent transporter that mediates the cellular uptake of a broad range of organic anions such as the endogenous bile salts cholate and deoxycholate, either in their unconjugated or conjugated forms (taurocholate and glycocholate), at the plasmam membrane (PubMed:19129463, PubMed:7557095). Responsible for intestinal absorption of bile acids (By similarity). Transports dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate (DHEAS), a major circulating steroid secreted by the adrenal cortex, as well as estrone 3-sulfate and 17beta-estradiol 17-O-(beta-D-glucuronate) (PubMed:11159893, PubMed:12568656, PubMed:19129463, PubMed:23918469, PubMed:25560245, PubMed:9539145). Mediates apical uptake of all-trans-retinol (atROL) across human retinal pigment epithelium, which is essential to maintaining the integrity of the visual cycle and thus vision (PubMed:25560245). Involved in the uptake of clinically used drugs (PubMed:17301733, PubMed:20686826, PubMed:27777271). Capable of thyroid hormone transport (both T3 or 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine, and T4 or L-tyroxine) (PubMed:19129463, PubMed:20358049). Also transports prostaglandin E2 (PubMed:19129463). Plays roles in blood-brain and -cerebrospinal fluid barrier transport of organic anions and signal mediators, and in hormone uptake by neural cells (By similarity). May also play a role in the reuptake of neuropeptides such as substance P/TAC1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide/VIP released from retinal neurons (PubMed:25132355). May play an important role in plasma and tissue distribution of the structurally diverse chemotherapeutic drugs methotrexate and paclitaxel (PubMed:23243220). Shows a pH-sensitive substrate specificity which may be ascribed to the protonation state of the binding site and leads to a stimulation of substrate transport in an acidic microenvironment (PubMed:19129463). Hydrogencarbonate/HCO3(-) acts as the probable counteranion that exchanges for organic anions (PubMed:19129463). May contribute to regulate the transport of organic compounds in testis across the blood-testis-barrier (Probable)
- Specific Function
- bile acid transmembrane transporter activity
- Gene Name
- SLCO1A2
- Uniprot ID
- P46721
- Uniprot Name
- Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2
- Molecular Weight
- 74144.105 Da
References
- Horz JA, Honscha W, Petzinger E: Bumetanide is not transported by the Ntcp or by the oatp: evidence for a third organic anion transporter in rat liver cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996 Apr 19;1300(2):114-8. [Article]
Drug created at June 13, 2005 13:24 / Updated at October 20, 2024 02:07