- India
Prof. Basavaraj Rachappa Kerur
Gulbarga University, Physics, Faculty Member
- The doctoral research work consisted of accurate measurements of total attenuation cross sections for x-rays for thre... moreThe doctoral research work consisted of accurate measurements of total attenuation cross sections for x-rays for three different energies in the range of 5-10 keV for five elements and twelve different compounds. Radioisotopes available in India were used as photon sources and x-ray energy spectrum was measured in the transmission geometry using proportional counter as detector and 1k multi channel analyzer. Measurements near K absorption edge were made by suppressing other x-rays using filters. Recently the author extended the work on Environmental monitoring of North East Karnataka Region and Elemental analysis of medicinal plantsedit
Research Interests:
Up to 30% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgery within the first 5 years from diagnosis. We investigated the recent risk of bowel surgery in an inception cohort of pediatric patients with CD and whether early use of... more
Up to 30% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgery within the first 5 years from diagnosis. We investigated the recent risk of bowel surgery in an inception cohort of pediatric patients with CD and whether early use of biologics (tumor necrosis factor antagonists) alters later disease course. We collected data from the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborative Research Group registry on 1442 children (age, ≤16 y) diagnosed with CD from January 2002 through December 2014. Data were collected at diagnosis, 30 days following diagnosis, and then quarterly and during hospitalizations for up to 12 years. Our primary aim was to determine the 10-year risk for surgery in children with CD. Our secondary aim was to determine whether early use of biologics (<3 mo of diagnosis) affected risk of disease progression. The 10-year risk of first bowel surgery was 26%. The 5-year risk of bowel surgery did not change from 2002 through 2014, and remained between 13% and 14%....
Research Interests:
To investigate of pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PUCAI) in ulcerative colitis correlate with mucosal inflammation and endoscopic assessment of disease activity (Mayo endoscopic score). We reviewed charts from ulcerative... more
To investigate of pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PUCAI) in ulcerative colitis correlate with mucosal inflammation and endoscopic assessment of disease activity (Mayo endoscopic score). We reviewed charts from ulcerative colitis patients who had undergone both colonoscopy over 3 years. Clinical assessment of disease severity within 35 d (either before or after) the colonoscopy were included. Patients were excluded if they had significant therapeutic interventions (such as the start of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents) between the colonoscopy and the clinical assessment. Mayo endoscopic score of the rectum and sigmoid were done by two gastroenterologists. Inter-observer variability in Mayo score was assessed. We identified 99 patients (53% female, 74% pancolitis) that met inclusion criteria. The indications for colonoscopy included ongoing disease activity (62%), consideration of medication change (10%), assessment of medication efficacy (14%), and cancer scre...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
India has a rich country for the uses of Ayurvedic medicinal plants for treatment and also the north- Karnataka boasts an unparallel diversity of medicinal plants. The present study attempts to estimate and compare the level of trace and... more
India has a rich country for the uses of Ayurvedic medicinal plants for treatment and also the north- Karnataka boasts an unparallel diversity of medicinal plants. The present study attempts to estimate and compare the level of trace and heavy metals in some selected leaves and root samples of Ayurvedic medicinal plants such as Mg, Al, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd. The samples are collected from different places of North-Karnataka regions and sample solutions prepared as the ratio of 1:25:25+950ml=1000ppm.the trace and heavy elemental concentration was estimated using Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) Method. The average concentrations of Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn, are ranging from 2ppm to 5250.2ppm and potassium (K) has more concentration as compare to all other. The other elements likes Al, Cr, Cu, and Cd were also estimed and presented in the table. Therefore, these medicinal plants are rich in some essential minerals, especially K, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn which are essential for human health
Research Interests:
301 resolution, spatial linearity (±2mm) and Hounsfield unit/CT (within the tolerance of ±40). These periodic tests show that the OBI system has good mechanical reliability and stable imagequality. It is essential to perform periodic... more
301 resolution, spatial linearity (±2mm) and Hounsfield unit/CT (within the tolerance of ±40). These periodic tests show that the OBI system has good mechanical reliability and stable imagequality. It is essential to perform periodic quality assurance tests for OBI to ensure better patient safety in the era of ultra-modern radiation oncology. Objective: The aim of this work is to compare the mass attenuation coefficient of the pharmaceutical product (Drug) that manufactured with similar formulation contains equal proportion of drug substances by the different manufacturer. Methods and Materials: A comparative study of mass attenuation coefficient has been done by adopting a non destructive x-ray spectrometric analysis technique for the commercial pharmaceutical product ie., acetaminophen commonly called as paracetamol incurred from three different manufacturers in the country and their brand names are femol, crocin, tyfy and pure (laboratory product: HPLC grade). The mass attenuatio...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A new and accurate method to determine the mass attenuation coefficient, µm, for low photon energy employing NaI(Tl) X-ray detector and radioactive source is described. Effect of size of collimator and the selection of width of photopeak... more
A new and accurate method to determine the mass attenuation coefficient, µm, for low photon energy employing NaI(Tl) X-ray detector and radioactive source is described. Effect of size of collimator and the selection of width of photopeak for integration on the contribution from scattered photons to the transmitted intensity is studied systematically and optimum size of collimator and photopeak limits for integration are established. With a 6 mm diameter collimator and FWHM for photopeak limits it was found that Beer-Lambert's law was rigorously valid over transmission range of 50-2%. Using this method µ mw as determined for six elements that covered a wide atomic number range (12 <Z< 73) and two biological equivalent materials. The values so obtained agreed with theoretical values within 1% establishing the validity and accuracy of the present method which uses inexpensive moderate resolution detector. As the method permits higher transmission range better counting statist...
Research Interests:
Mass attenuation coefficients have been measured for rare-earth compounds at averaged photon energies 5.947 and 8.118keV. The measured values are compared with theoretical calculations. The disagreement between experiment and theory is... more
Mass attenuation coefficients have been measured for rare-earth compounds at averaged photon energies 5.947 and 8.118keV. The measured values are compared with theoretical calculations. The disagreement between experiment and theory is larger than the experimental error when the incident photon energy is close to the L shell absorption edge. Further away from the edge the agreement between experiment and theory
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The energy loss of 25 MeV protons in ferroelectric Barium Titanate [BT] single crystals was measured as a function of the temperature of BT with an accuracy of 0.06%. When the protons traversed the crystal along the ferroelectric axis... more
The energy loss of 25 MeV protons in ferroelectric Barium Titanate [BT] single crystals was measured as a function of the temperature of BT with an accuracy of 0.06%. When the protons traversed the crystal along the ferroelectric axis energy loss showed broad fluctuations with a peak-to-peak variation of 5% from the value at room temperature and the energy losses in ferroelectric and paraelectric phases of BT appeared to be nearly the same. When protons traversed the crystal in a direction perpendicular to the ferroelectric axis energy loss in the crystal remained independent of the crystal temperature in the ferroelectric phase. However, the energy loss in paraelectric phase appeared to be about 1.5% lower than that in the ferroelectric state. It is suggested that the observed results are indicative of a new mode of energy loss and can be related to the fluctuations in polarization of cluster of unit cells and the dynamics of their short-range order.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In this article
Research Interests:
A novel method for determination of mass attenuation coefficient of x-rays employing NaI (Tl) detector system and radioactive sources is described.in this paper. A rigid geometry arrangement and gating of the spectrometer at FWHM position... more
A novel method for determination of mass attenuation coefficient of x-rays employing NaI (Tl) detector system and radioactive sources is described.in this paper. A rigid geometry arrangement and gating of the spectrometer at FWHM position and selection of absorber foils are all done following detailed investigation, to minimize the effect of small angle scattering and multiple scattering on the mass attenuation coefficient, mu/rho, value. Firstly, for standardization purposes the mass attenuation coefficients of elemental foils such as Aluminum, Copper, Molybdenum, Tantalum and Lead are measured and then, this method is utilized for dosimetric interested material (sulfates). The experimental mass attenuation coefficient values are compared with the theoretical values to find good agreement between the theory and experiment within one to two per cent. The effective atomic numbers of the biological substitute material are calculated by sum rule and from the graph. The electron density of dosimetric material is calculated using the effective atomic number. The study has discussed in detail the attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and electron density of dosimetric material/biological substitutes.
Research Interests:
Mass attenuation coefficients have been meas-ured for rare earth compounds at photon ener-gies 8.041, 8.907 and 13.347 keV. The measured values are compared with theoretical calcula-tions. The agreement between experiment and theory is... more
Mass attenuation coefficients have been meas-ured for rare earth compounds at photon ener-gies 8.041, 8.907 and 13.347 keV. The measured values are compared with theoretical calcula-tions. The agreement between experiment and theory is more than the experimental error when the incident photon energy is around the edge of the element present in the compound and agreeing with the theoretical values elsewhere. The difference in agreement between the theo-retical values and experimental values is attrib-uted to the EXAFS effects on the mass attenua-tion coefficient values.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Manjunath et al 16 Abstract:-Mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number of the active pharmaceutical ingredients viz, Alprazolam, Amiodar, Amiodarone, Ciprofloxacin, Diclofenac Sodium, Femotidine and Nimesulide have been... more
Manjunath et al 16 Abstract:-Mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number of the active pharmaceutical ingredients viz, Alprazolam, Amiodar, Amiodarone, Ciprofloxacin, Diclofenac Sodium, Femotidine and Nimesulide have been calculated over a wide energy range from 1 keV to 100 GeV for total and partial photon interactions by using WinXCom. The estimated data results in change of mass attenuation coefficient and electron density are varies with energy and chemical composition of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API's) in drugs. The results are discussed in the light of photon interaction with energy and effective atomic number of the API's in drug are shown in the logarithmic graphs.
Research Interests:
Objectives: The instrument is calibrated using several solutions of known concentrations, and standardize the instrument by different Cathode Lamps. To estimate the Trace, toxic and heavy elemental concentration in selected some Indian... more
Objectives: The instrument is calibrated using several solutions of known concentrations, and standardize the instrument by different Cathode Lamps. To estimate the Trace, toxic and heavy elemental concentration in selected some Indian Ayurvedic (Jedi butte) medicinal plants by using Atomic absorption spectrometer. To study the different elements absorb characteristic wavelengths of light. Methods and Materials: An atomic absorption spectrophotometer consists of a light source, a sample Compartment and a detector. The source of light is a lamp whose cathode is composed of the element being measured. Each element requires a different lamp likes the hollow-cathode lamps for Al, Cu, Mg, Zn, Cd (Photon) were employed as radiation source and calibrated using 100ml stranded solutions in equal ratio. The collected medicinal plants washed with water and dried for one month and using electrical grander prepared powder form to get fine powder of ash. Using ashes of different samples prepared ...
Total mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) of x-rays in the energy range from 5.0 to 17.864 keV were measured using HPGe detector system. The obtained MAC values compared with theoretical values, agreement found to be good when the... more
Total mass attenuation coefficients (MAC) of x-rays in the energy range from 5.0 to 17.864 keV were measured using HPGe detector system. The obtained MAC values compared with theoretical values, agreement found to be good when the incident photon energy is far below and far away from the L edge. In some cases, disagreement is observed between measured and the theory MAC values near L absorption edges. In the present work, the non validity of the mixture rule and also the discrepancies of the obtained values with the theory near the L absorption edge are discussed.
Many Medicinal plants are known to be of potential medicinal value and used in herbal medicine. The therapeutic effect of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases is based on the chemical compounds present in these plants.... more
Many Medicinal plants are known to be of potential medicinal value and used in herbal medicine. The therapeutic effect of medicinal plants for the treatment of various diseases is based on the chemical compounds present in these plants. The major components are organic compounds, some of which have biological activity, but none act independently and they cannot replace the functions of the medicinal plants as a whole. Five of the most important traditional and popular medicinal plants of India are Ocimum Sanctum, Catharanthus roses, Trigonella foenumgraecum, Azadirachta indica and Aegle marmelos. Determination of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in the medicinal plants by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer has been described in the current study
Research Interests:
The leaves of Acacia and Eucalyptus collected from the Ropar thermal power plant region and fly ash collected from same power plant were studied to find the elemental concentration of the samples. Sixteen elements namely K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr,... more
The leaves of Acacia and Eucalyptus collected from the Ropar thermal power plant region and fly ash collected from same power plant were studied to find the elemental concentration of the samples. Sixteen elements namely K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr and Pb were estimated in these samples. Among the elements detected, Ca was present in high concentration in the leaves of Acacia and Eucalyptus whereas high percentage of Fe was found in fly ash. As per the data obtained from the study of the fly ash samples using the external PIXE technique, most of the elements detected were present in high concentration and only elements like K, Ti and As were present in trace level. The concentration of elements like Ca, Mn and Sr were found to be high in the studied leaf samples.
Research Interests:
The Kshell Xray intensity ratios, radiative and total vacancy transfer probablities of platinum, gold, and lead are measured by employing the 2πgeometrical configuration and a weak gamma source, a simple method proposed previously by... more
The Kshell Xray intensity ratios, radiative and total vacancy transfer probablities of platinum, gold, and lead are measured by employing the 2πgeometrical configuration and a weak gamma source, a simple method proposed previously by our group. The targets of Pt, Au, and Pb were excited using γrays of weighted energy 123.6 keV from a weak 57Co source and the emitted Kshell Xrays were detected using an HPGe Xray detector spectrometer coupled to a 16k multichannel analyzer. The measured values of these parameters are compared with the theoretical values and experimental data of other researchers, finding a good agreement. Thus, the 2πgeometrical configuration method with a weak gamma source can be alterna tive simple method to measure various atomic parameters in the field of Xray spectroscopy.
Research Interests:
The effective atomic number and electron density of a pharmaceutical drug samples are determined in the energy 8 keV to 32 keV using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and is a non destructive technique followed. The significant... more
The effective atomic number and electron density of a pharmaceutical drug samples are determined in the energy 8 keV to 32 keV using high purity germanium (HPGe) detector and is a non destructive technique followed. The significant variations of the effective atomic number (Z ) with X-ray energy for the diclofenac sodium drug manufactured by Diclomol, Dynapar, Diclogesic and Voveran Plus are reported. The experimental results are compared with theoretical estimated results. This shows that the Z and electron density is not constant with energy for the interaction in components of the diclofenac sodium drug
Research Interests:
—The K to L shell total vacancy transfer probabilities of low Z elements Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are estimated by measuring the K β to K α intensity ratio adopting the 2π-geometry. The target elements were excited by 32.86 keV barium K-shell... more
—The K to L shell total vacancy transfer probabilities of low Z elements Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn are estimated by measuring the K β to K α intensity ratio adopting the 2π-geometry. The target elements were excited by 32.86 keV barium K-shell X-rays from a weak 137 Cs γ-ray source. The emitted K-shell X-rays were detected using a low energy HPGe X-ray detector coupled to a 16 k MCA. The measured intensity ratios and the total vacancy transfer probabilities are compared with theoretical results and others' work, establishing a good agreement.
Research Interests:
Mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number of the active pharmaceutical ingredients viz, Alprazolam, Amiodar, Amiodarone, Ciprofloxacin, Diclofenac Sodium, Femotidine and Nimesulide have been calculated over a wide energy... more
Mass attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number of the active pharmaceutical ingredients viz, Alprazolam, Amiodar, Amiodarone, Ciprofloxacin, Diclofenac Sodium, Femotidine and Nimesulide have been calculated over a wide energy range from 1 keV to 100 GeV for total and partial photon interactions by using WinXCom. The obtained data shows that the change in mass attenuation coefficient and electron density varies with energy and chemical composition of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API's) in drugs. The results in the variation of photon interaction with energy and effective atomic number of the API's in drug are shown in the logarithmic graphs.
Research Interests:
Abstract. India has a rich country for the uses of Ayurvedic medicinal plants for treatment and also the north- Karnataka boasts an unparallel diversity of medicinal plants. The present study attempts to estimate and compare the level of... more
Abstract. India has a rich country for the uses of Ayurvedic medicinal plants for treatment and also the north- Karnataka boasts an unparallel diversity of medicinal plants. The present study attempts to estimate and compare the level of trace and heavy metals in some selected leaves and root samples of Ayurvedic medicinal plants such as Mg, Al, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd. The samples are collected from different places of North-Karnataka regions and sample solutions prepared as the ratio of 1:25:25+950ml=1000ppm.the trace and heavy elemental concentration was estimated using Atomic Absorption Spectrometric (AAS) Method. The average concentrations of Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn, are ranging from 2ppm to 5250.2ppm and potassium (K) has more concentration as compare to all other. The other elements likes Al, Cr, Cu, and Cd were also estimed and presented in the table. Therefore, these medicinal plants are rich in some essential minerals, especially K, Mg, Mn, Fe and Zn which are essential for human health
Research Interests:
— A case is taken up to study the accumulation of trace elements in homemade medicine with the help of herbal medicinal plants, namely Aegle Marmelouz, FicusBenghalensis, Trigonella Foenum-Graecum, Prickly Chaff flower, Colocasia... more
— A case is taken up to study the accumulation of trace elements in homemade medicine with the help of herbal medicinal plants, namely Aegle Marmelouz, FicusBenghalensis, Trigonella Foenum-Graecum, Prickly Chaff flower, Colocasia Esculenta etc. The common people of NorthEast Karnataka region are traditional and hence they adopted homemade/traditional items. One such type is homemade medicine for treatment of different types of disease viz, cold, cough, diabetes, fever, judies, skin disease etc. The above said plants were collected in consultation with practitioner called Desi Vaidya's. The collected medicinal plants were dried in room without any ventilation which is free from dust. A fine powder was prepared with the help of grinder and mesh and using the oven about 10 grms of sample was made available in the form of ash. The standard solutions were prepared for all these ash samples for major/minor and trace elemental analysis. A single beam iCE 3000 Series spectrometers was used for analysis which is completely automatic in control and has a capacity for all element analysis. The whole system is controlled via a data station running Thermo Scientific iCE SOLAAR software which runs under a Windows® operating system. This study reveals that fourteen trace elements were detected by the
Research Interests:
Naturally occurring radioactivity measurement, radiation monitoring of the region, dose assessment and interpretation of radiological related parameters are crucial aspects from the public awareness and environmental safety point of view.... more
Naturally occurring radioactivity measurement, radiation monitoring of the region, dose assessment and interpretation of radiological related parameters are crucial aspects from the public awareness and environmental safety point of view. The ionizing radiations (γ-rays) emitted from radionuclides such as 226 Ra, 232 Th and 40 K present in environmental materials contributes significantly to the radiation dose received by the public. Gamma spectrometry based high efficiency 4"X4" NaI(Tl) detector was employed for estimating activity concentrations of the gamma emitting radioelements. The spectra from the detector were recorded using a PC based 1k multichannel analyzer system (WinTMCA 32). Each sample spectra was acquired for a counting period of 60,000 sec (16.67 h). Assuming the daughter products of 226 Ra and 232 Th in equilibrium, the activity concentration of these radionuclides were estimated by using the prominent gamma photo peaks of daughter products. Using these activity dose related radiological parameters were calculated for all the samples. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides and the dose related parameters for the samples were found to be comparable with the global literature values. The data generated from our study will contribute to the base line radiological data of the region.
Research Interests:
X-Ray mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ), a non destructive analytical method was used for the quality analysis of Ayurvedic medicines by the help of NaI(Tl) detector. An ayurvedic medicine Muktashukti bhasma(MSB) beneficial in... more
X-Ray mass attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ), a non destructive analytical method was used for the quality analysis of Ayurvedic medicines by the help of NaI(Tl) detector. An ayurvedic medicine Muktashukti bhasma(MSB) beneficial in Hyperacidity, dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, vomiting, cough, chronic fever, calcium deficiency, rickets, arthritis. MSB manufactured by different manufacturer was selected for the study of quality analysis, using NaI(Tl) detector by determining the Mass Attenuation coefficient (µ/ρ) of X-rays at low photon energies ranging from 13.596 keV to 44.216 keV. The obtained result by this non destructive method gives good comparison for the quality analysis of medicines of different manufacturer. In other analytical methods the sample is totally destroyed. Thus the mass attenuation coefficient of X-rays by MSB which is a non destructive technique can be useful in qualitative analysis of drugs or medicines.
Research Interests:
Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratio will takes a major and most significant role in the non-destructive nuclear radiation technique. This non destructive technique is feasible in the industry, particularly in the drug manufacturing... more
Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratio will takes a major and most significant role in the non-destructive nuclear radiation technique. This non destructive technique is feasible in the industry, particularly in the drug manufacturing field. The R/C ratio could be theoretically estimated by using the atomic form factor (F) and incoherent (Compton) scattering function (S) for some pharmaceutical ingredients at different scattering angle from 20 o to 180 o with defined photon energy from 8 keV to 32 keV X-rays. The opted samples are low Z compounds and are inspecting an interaction with x-rays and studied the variation of Z eff , R/C, and electron density of respective samples with the function of scattering angle.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
A non-destructive analytical method was used to analyze the quality assurance of the pharmaceutical drugs by determining the mass absorption coefficient. The opted pharmaceutical product was a diclofenac sodium of different manufacturers... more
A non-destructive analytical method was used to analyze the quality assurance of the pharmaceutical drugs by determining the mass absorption coefficient. The opted pharmaceutical product was a diclofenac sodium of different manufacturers such as Diclomol, Diclogesic, Dynapar and Voveran Plus at different energies from 13 keV to 33 keV using Am-241 primary source with Rb, Mo, Ag and Ba are the secondary targets of radioactive sources. The photon intensity is analyzed using a good geometry HPGe detector system coupled to PC based Multichannel Analyzer (MCA). The qualities of the above said samples are discussed by the obtained values of mass attenuation coefficient. Introduction Analysis is a critical and integral part of the pharma business. Its only upon clearance of products on the analysis can the products be even released into the market. Hence, analytical methods as well as the involved analytical tools assume prime importance. Several well known analytical tools viz., HPLC, GC,...