Marigolds (Calendula officinalis L.) are valuable in ornamentation, human food, and other
uses; t... more Marigolds (Calendula officinalis L.) are valuable in ornamentation, human food, and other uses; to enhance productivity, plant growth regulators produce stimulatory effects, including salicylic acid (SA) and spermidine (SP), but there is a lack of scientific evidence about such effects in marigolds. The study assessed, under greenhouse conditions, changes in physico-chemical parameters, enzymatic activity, and bioactive compounds of marigold cvs. Hybrid and French marigolds were sprayed of SA (1 and 2 mM) and SP (2 and 3 mM) and compared to control (pure water). The SA at 2 mM improved leaf length (8.20 cm), flower height and diameter (5.32, 8.28 cm), flower fresh and dry weight (14.30, 1.5 g), and the maximum number of flower petals (55) in ‘Hybrid’. Similarly, 2 mM SA gave the maximum number of leaves (40.71) and stem thickness (5.76 mm) in ‘French’, but 3 mM SP promoted the maximum plant height in ‘Hybrid’. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities increased in ‘Hybrid’ with 2 mM SA; with this SA dose, ‘Hybrid’ had higher contents of total phenolic compounds (68.34 mg GAE g−1 ), antioxidants (77%), carotenoids (110 mg 100 g−1 ), and flavonoids (67.5 mg RE g−1 ) than the control. The best dose for improving growth in both marigold varieties was 2 mM SA.
Abstract. A research study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of humic aci... more Abstract. A research study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of humic acid (HA) on growth and yield of marigold at Horticulture Nursery Univ. of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, during the spring season. The experiment was laid under Completely Randomized Design with 5 replications and 8 pots per replication were used. The treatments of humic acids were (T1= control, T2= 250, T3= 750, T4= 1000 ml/L respectively). Significant differences were found in treated flowers. The higher values were noted in leaf length, flower length, number of flowers per plants and flower width. The higher values of leaf length (7.46 cm), number of flowers per plant (2.9), flowers width (9.92 cm) and flowers length (20.18 cm) were found by the application of 750 ml/L of HA. However the maximum number of flowers per plant was (5), flower width (1.48 cm) and flower length (3.28 cm) were found with the application of 1000 ml/L HA.
Marigolds (Calendula officinalis L.) are valuable in ornamentation, human food, and other
uses; t... more Marigolds (Calendula officinalis L.) are valuable in ornamentation, human food, and other uses; to enhance productivity, plant growth regulators produce stimulatory effects, including salicylic acid (SA) and spermidine (SP), but there is a lack of scientific evidence about such effects in marigolds. The study assessed, under greenhouse conditions, changes in physico-chemical parameters, enzymatic activity, and bioactive compounds of marigold cvs. Hybrid and French marigolds were sprayed of SA (1 and 2 mM) and SP (2 and 3 mM) and compared to control (pure water). The SA at 2 mM improved leaf length (8.20 cm), flower height and diameter (5.32, 8.28 cm), flower fresh and dry weight (14.30, 1.5 g), and the maximum number of flower petals (55) in ‘Hybrid’. Similarly, 2 mM SA gave the maximum number of leaves (40.71) and stem thickness (5.76 mm) in ‘French’, but 3 mM SP promoted the maximum plant height in ‘Hybrid’. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities increased in ‘Hybrid’ with 2 mM SA; with this SA dose, ‘Hybrid’ had higher contents of total phenolic compounds (68.34 mg GAE g−1 ), antioxidants (77%), carotenoids (110 mg 100 g−1 ), and flavonoids (67.5 mg RE g−1 ) than the control. The best dose for improving growth in both marigold varieties was 2 mM SA.
Abstract. A research study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of humic aci... more Abstract. A research study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of humic acid (HA) on growth and yield of marigold at Horticulture Nursery Univ. of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, during the spring season. The experiment was laid under Completely Randomized Design with 5 replications and 8 pots per replication were used. The treatments of humic acids were (T1= control, T2= 250, T3= 750, T4= 1000 ml/L respectively). Significant differences were found in treated flowers. The higher values were noted in leaf length, flower length, number of flowers per plants and flower width. The higher values of leaf length (7.46 cm), number of flowers per plant (2.9), flowers width (9.92 cm) and flowers length (20.18 cm) were found by the application of 750 ml/L of HA. However the maximum number of flowers per plant was (5), flower width (1.48 cm) and flower length (3.28 cm) were found with the application of 1000 ml/L HA.
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uses; to enhance productivity, plant growth regulators produce stimulatory effects, including salicylic
acid (SA) and spermidine (SP), but there is a lack of scientific evidence about such effects in marigolds.
The study assessed, under greenhouse conditions, changes in physico-chemical parameters, enzymatic activity, and bioactive compounds of marigold cvs. Hybrid and French marigolds were sprayed
of SA (1 and 2 mM) and SP (2 and 3 mM) and compared to control (pure water). The SA at 2 mM
improved leaf length (8.20 cm), flower height and diameter (5.32, 8.28 cm), flower fresh and dry
weight (14.30, 1.5 g), and the maximum number of flower petals (55) in ‘Hybrid’. Similarly, 2 mM SA
gave the maximum number of leaves (40.71) and stem thickness (5.76 mm) in ‘French’, but 3 mM SP
promoted the maximum plant height in ‘Hybrid’. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase
activities increased in ‘Hybrid’ with 2 mM SA; with this SA dose, ‘Hybrid’ had higher contents of
total phenolic compounds (68.34 mg GAE g−1
), antioxidants (77%), carotenoids (110 mg 100 g−1
), and
flavonoids (67.5 mg RE g−1
) than the control. The best dose for improving growth in both marigold
varieties was 2 mM SA.
(HA) on growth and yield of marigold at Horticulture Nursery Univ. of Haripur, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, during the spring season. The experiment was laid under Completely Randomized
Design with 5 replications and 8 pots per replication were used. The treatments of humic acids were
(T1= control, T2= 250, T3= 750, T4= 1000 ml/L respectively). Significant differences were found
in treated flowers. The higher values were noted in leaf length, flower length, number of flowers per
plants and flower width. The higher values of leaf length (7.46 cm), number of flowers per plant
(2.9), flowers width (9.92 cm) and flowers length (20.18 cm) were found by the application of
750 ml/L of HA. However the maximum number of flowers per plant was (5), flower width
(1.48 cm) and flower length (3.28 cm) were found with the application of 1000 ml/L HA.
uses; to enhance productivity, plant growth regulators produce stimulatory effects, including salicylic
acid (SA) and spermidine (SP), but there is a lack of scientific evidence about such effects in marigolds.
The study assessed, under greenhouse conditions, changes in physico-chemical parameters, enzymatic activity, and bioactive compounds of marigold cvs. Hybrid and French marigolds were sprayed
of SA (1 and 2 mM) and SP (2 and 3 mM) and compared to control (pure water). The SA at 2 mM
improved leaf length (8.20 cm), flower height and diameter (5.32, 8.28 cm), flower fresh and dry
weight (14.30, 1.5 g), and the maximum number of flower petals (55) in ‘Hybrid’. Similarly, 2 mM SA
gave the maximum number of leaves (40.71) and stem thickness (5.76 mm) in ‘French’, but 3 mM SP
promoted the maximum plant height in ‘Hybrid’. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase
activities increased in ‘Hybrid’ with 2 mM SA; with this SA dose, ‘Hybrid’ had higher contents of
total phenolic compounds (68.34 mg GAE g−1
), antioxidants (77%), carotenoids (110 mg 100 g−1
), and
flavonoids (67.5 mg RE g−1
) than the control. The best dose for improving growth in both marigold
varieties was 2 mM SA.
(HA) on growth and yield of marigold at Horticulture Nursery Univ. of Haripur, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, during the spring season. The experiment was laid under Completely Randomized
Design with 5 replications and 8 pots per replication were used. The treatments of humic acids were
(T1= control, T2= 250, T3= 750, T4= 1000 ml/L respectively). Significant differences were found
in treated flowers. The higher values were noted in leaf length, flower length, number of flowers per
plants and flower width. The higher values of leaf length (7.46 cm), number of flowers per plant
(2.9), flowers width (9.92 cm) and flowers length (20.18 cm) were found by the application of
750 ml/L of HA. However the maximum number of flowers per plant was (5), flower width
(1.48 cm) and flower length (3.28 cm) were found with the application of 1000 ml/L HA.