Starting in the late 1980s, many Latin American countries began social sector reforms to alleviat... more Starting in the late 1980s, many Latin American countries began social sector reforms to alleviate poverty, reduce socioeconomic inequalities, improve health outcomes, and provide fi nancial risk protection. In particular, starting in the 1990s, reforms aimed at strengthening health systems to reduce inequalities in health access and outcomes focused on expansion of universal health coverage, especially for poor citizens. In Latin America, health-system reforms have produced a distinct approach to universal health coverage, underpinned by the principles of equity, solidarity, and collective action to overcome social inequalities. In most of the countries studied, government fi nancing enabled the introduction of supply-side interventions to expand insurance coverage for uninsured citizens—with defi ned and enlarged benefi ts packages—and to scale up delivery of health services. Countries such as Brazil and Cuba introduced tax-fi nanced universal health systems. These changes were combined with demand-side interventions aimed at alleviating poverty (targeting many social determinants of health) and improving access of the most disadvantaged populations. Hence, the distinguishing features of health-system strengthening for universal health coverage and lessons from the Latin American experience are relevant for countries advancing universal health coverage.
The global economic downturn has been associated with increased unemployment and reduced public-s... more The global economic downturn has been associated with increased unemployment and reduced public-sector expenditure on health care (PSEH). We determined the association between unemployment, PSEH and HIV mortality. Data were obtained from the World Bank and the World Health Organisation (1981-2009). Multivariate regression analysis was implemented, controlling for country-specific demographics and infrastructure. Time-lag analyses and robustness-checks were performed. Data were available for 74 countries (unemployment analysis) and 75 countries (PSEH analysis), equating to 2.19 billion and 2.22 billion people, respectively, as of 2009. A 1% increase in unemployment was associated with a significant increase in HIV mortality (men: 0.1861, 95% CI: 0.0977 to 0.2744, P = 0.0000, women: 0.0383, 95% CI: 0.0108 to 0.0657, P = 0.0064). A 1% increase in PSEH was associated with a significant decrease in HIV mortality (men: -0.5015, 95% CI: -0.7432 to -0.2598, P = 0.0001; women: -0.1562, 95% C...
All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes req... more All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the ...
... Translating evidence into actionchallenges to scaling up harm reduction programmes in Europe... more ... Translating evidence into actionchallenges to scaling up harm reduction programmes in Europe and Central Asia Rifat Atun and Michel ... Ball, AL, Rana, S. and Dehne, KL (1998),'HIV prevention among injecting drug users: responses in developing and transitional countries ...
Page 1. HNPDISCUSSIONPAPER GAVI, THE GLOBAL FUND AND WORLD BANK SUPPORT FOR HUMAN RESOURCES FOR H... more Page 1. HNPDISCUSSIONPAPER GAVI, THE GLOBAL FUND AND WORLD BANK SUPPORT FOR HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Marko Vujicic, Stephanie E. Weber, Irina A. Nikolic, Rifat Atun and Ranjana Kumar May 2011 Page 2. ...
Starting in the late 1980s, many Latin American countries began social sector reforms to alleviat... more Starting in the late 1980s, many Latin American countries began social sector reforms to alleviate poverty, reduce socioeconomic inequalities, improve health outcomes, and provide fi nancial risk protection. In particular, starting in the 1990s, reforms aimed at strengthening health systems to reduce inequalities in health access and outcomes focused on expansion of universal health coverage, especially for poor citizens. In Latin America, health-system reforms have produced a distinct approach to universal health coverage, underpinned by the principles of equity, solidarity, and collective action to overcome social inequalities. In most of the countries studied, government fi nancing enabled the introduction of supply-side interventions to expand insurance coverage for uninsured citizens—with defi ned and enlarged benefi ts packages—and to scale up delivery of health services. Countries such as Brazil and Cuba introduced tax-fi nanced universal health systems. These changes were combined with demand-side interventions aimed at alleviating poverty (targeting many social determinants of health) and improving access of the most disadvantaged populations. Hence, the distinguishing features of health-system strengthening for universal health coverage and lessons from the Latin American experience are relevant for countries advancing universal health coverage.
The global economic downturn has been associated with increased unemployment and reduced public-s... more The global economic downturn has been associated with increased unemployment and reduced public-sector expenditure on health care (PSEH). We determined the association between unemployment, PSEH and HIV mortality. Data were obtained from the World Bank and the World Health Organisation (1981-2009). Multivariate regression analysis was implemented, controlling for country-specific demographics and infrastructure. Time-lag analyses and robustness-checks were performed. Data were available for 74 countries (unemployment analysis) and 75 countries (PSEH analysis), equating to 2.19 billion and 2.22 billion people, respectively, as of 2009. A 1% increase in unemployment was associated with a significant increase in HIV mortality (men: 0.1861, 95% CI: 0.0977 to 0.2744, P = 0.0000, women: 0.0383, 95% CI: 0.0108 to 0.0657, P = 0.0064). A 1% increase in PSEH was associated with a significant decrease in HIV mortality (men: -0.5015, 95% CI: -0.7432 to -0.2598, P = 0.0001; women: -0.1562, 95% C...
All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes req... more All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the ...
... Translating evidence into actionchallenges to scaling up harm reduction programmes in Europe... more ... Translating evidence into actionchallenges to scaling up harm reduction programmes in Europe and Central Asia Rifat Atun and Michel ... Ball, AL, Rana, S. and Dehne, KL (1998),'HIV prevention among injecting drug users: responses in developing and transitional countries ...
Page 1. HNPDISCUSSIONPAPER GAVI, THE GLOBAL FUND AND WORLD BANK SUPPORT FOR HUMAN RESOURCES FOR H... more Page 1. HNPDISCUSSIONPAPER GAVI, THE GLOBAL FUND AND WORLD BANK SUPPORT FOR HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Marko Vujicic, Stephanie E. Weber, Irina A. Nikolic, Rifat Atun and Ranjana Kumar May 2011 Page 2. ...
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socioeconomic inequalities, improve health outcomes, and provide fi nancial risk protection. In particular, starting in
the 1990s, reforms aimed at strengthening health systems to reduce inequalities in health access and outcomes focused
on expansion of universal health coverage, especially for poor citizens. In Latin America, health-system reforms have
produced a distinct approach to universal health coverage, underpinned by the principles of equity, solidarity, and
collective action to overcome social inequalities. In most of the countries studied, government fi nancing enabled the
introduction of supply-side interventions to expand insurance coverage for uninsured citizens—with defi ned and
enlarged benefi ts packages—and to scale up delivery of health services. Countries such as Brazil and Cuba introduced
tax-fi nanced universal health systems. These changes were combined with demand-side interventions aimed at
alleviating poverty (targeting many social determinants of health) and improving access of the most disadvantaged
populations. Hence, the distinguishing features of health-system strengthening for universal health coverage and
lessons from the Latin American experience are relevant for countries advancing universal health coverage.
socioeconomic inequalities, improve health outcomes, and provide fi nancial risk protection. In particular, starting in
the 1990s, reforms aimed at strengthening health systems to reduce inequalities in health access and outcomes focused
on expansion of universal health coverage, especially for poor citizens. In Latin America, health-system reforms have
produced a distinct approach to universal health coverage, underpinned by the principles of equity, solidarity, and
collective action to overcome social inequalities. In most of the countries studied, government fi nancing enabled the
introduction of supply-side interventions to expand insurance coverage for uninsured citizens—with defi ned and
enlarged benefi ts packages—and to scale up delivery of health services. Countries such as Brazil and Cuba introduced
tax-fi nanced universal health systems. These changes were combined with demand-side interventions aimed at
alleviating poverty (targeting many social determinants of health) and improving access of the most disadvantaged
populations. Hence, the distinguishing features of health-system strengthening for universal health coverage and
lessons from the Latin American experience are relevant for countries advancing universal health coverage.