Anindya Sen is a Professor at thedepartment of Electronics andCommunication Engineering, HeritageInstitute of Technology, a privateautonomous engineering collegein Anandapur, Kolkata, India.He received his B.E. from JadavpurUniversity, India in the year 1980,PhD from University of Minnesota,Twin Cities in 1996, and got hisPost-Doctoral training from Universityof Chicago from 1996 to2000. He currently holds one USpatent and fifty research paper publications. His researchinterests include, Medical Image processing, Internet ofthings, Communications, Artificial Intelligence and VLSI design.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
Retinal cell neurodegeneration relates to glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular deg... more Retinal cell neurodegeneration relates to glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa. Early stages of such disease are preceded by retinal neurodegeneration or angiogenesis in retinal vessels. It is a well established fact that total or partial vision loss is caused by abnormal retinal degeneration of the photo receptors or the inner retinal neurons, as well as unusual growth of cells forming extra retinal venules and arterioles. However the reasons and mechanisms behind the abnormal retinal cell deaths or unusual cell growths remains unknown and is considered an area of active research. This paper reviews contemporary research on retinal disease citing reasons for a typical retinal vessel cell growth, unusual death of retinal cells, and ways to repair the retinal damaged cells under various degrees of impairment. Knowledge about the mechanism behind the sudden change in cell pattern behavior will help to track and better understand th...
2021 International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON), 2021
Various ocular diseases, like Cataract followed by Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy, are the wor... more Various ocular diseases, like Cataract followed by Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy, are the world’s leading causes of blindness and affect millions of people every year. Rapid and automated testing is therefore essential for assisting in early discernment and analysis. The traditional method of screening for such diseases involves manual analysis of the fundus image obtained by ophthalmologists whose versions of determining the region-of-interest vary. Segmenting the disc region serves as the first and crucial step before feature extraction, for the diagnosis of a variety of pathologies and abnormalities related to the retina. For automated analysis, various features, such as cup to disc ratio (CDR), area cup-disc ratio (ACDR) etc., are estimated to foretell the onset of such diseases. Our paper proposed and explored a new segmentation technique based on the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) method and mathematical morphology for optic disc discernment. The analysis was done on a freely available database, DRISTI-GSI. The segmentation results of the proposed algorithm showed an average accuracy of 94.7% after testing and verification.
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering
Climate change is one of the important issues that face the world in this technological era. We h... more Climate change is one of the important issues that face the world in this technological era. We have used data collected from the publicly available GISTEMP data, the Global Surface Temperature Change data distributed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA-GISS). The data consisted of the mean surface temperature change with respect to baseline climatology corresponding to the period 1951-1980. The data covers the time period of 1961-2019. We studied the change in temperature in the countries like Greenland and India using the regression models. All the regression graphs were plotted in the Spyder software using python. From the regression models we observed the significant rise in temperature in these countries caused due to global warming. These models will help us to predict the change in temperature in future
2018 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering & Nano-Technology (IEMENTech), 2018
The automatic retinal image analysis is emerging as one of the most important primary screening t... more The automatic retinal image analysis is emerging as one of the most important primary screening tools for early detection and treatment for eye diseases. Glaucoma is a severe human eye disease leading to the permanent loss of vision. The manual examination of optic nerve head of the retina using Color Fundus Imaging (CFI) is a standard procedure used for predicting glaucoma, but the detection and diagnosis varies widely across different ophthalmologists. In this paper we present an automatic technique for the segmentation of the cup region from the optical disc(OD) region in RGB channels to calculate the parameters used for the predictive analysis of glaucoma. The accurate segmentation of the cup region and the optical disc from the retinal fundus image serves as an important step for the calculation of cup-to-disc area ratio (ACDR). The quantitative evaluation of this predictive analysis is done on a freely available database with a result accuracy of 83.168%.
Reversible logic gates, which are proven to provide zero power dissipation under ideal conditions... more Reversible logic gates, which are proven to provide zero power dissipation under ideal conditions, are in high demand for future computing technologies. Using reversible logic gates, this study provides an improved design for a low-cost 4X4 multiplier circuit module. The module can implement 8x8, 16x16 and up higher order multiplier circuits. In terms of gate counts, garbage outputs, constant inputs, and quantum cost, the suggested multiplier circuit using minimum number of half adders and full adders excels existing designs, presented using a comparative table. Moreover, this concept can be used to implement different complex systems in the field of nanotechnology. With the aid of the final output generation table, the proposed reversible circuit's operation is analyzed step-by-step in this article. Additionally, an RTL design of the suggested multiplier circuit is shown, followed by a simulation waveform that illustrates how the design works. Additionally, utilizing the Xilinx...
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 2023
Climate change is one of the important issues that face the world in this technological era. We h... more Climate change is one of the important issues that face the world in this technological era. We have used data collected from the publicly available GISTEMP data, the Global Surface Temperature Change data distributed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA-GISS). The data consisted of the mean surface temperature change with respect to baseline climatology corresponding to the period 1951-1980. The data covers the time period of 1961-2019. We studied the change in temperature in the countries like Greenland and India using the regression models. All the regression graphs were plotted in the Spyder software using python. From the regression models we observed the significant rise in temperature in these countries caused due to global warming. These models will help us to predict the change in temperature in future.
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology
Retinal cell neurodegeneration relates to glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular deg... more Retinal cell neurodegeneration relates to glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinitis pigmentosa. Early stages of such disease are preceded by retinal neurodegeneration or angiogenesis in retinal vessels. It is a well established fact that total or partial vision loss is caused by abnormal retinal degeneration of the photo receptors or the inner retinal neurons, as well as unusual growth of cells forming extra retinal venules and arterioles. However the reasons and mechanisms behind the abnormal retinal cell deaths or unusual cell growths remains unknown and is considered an area of active research. This paper reviews contemporary research on retinal disease citing reasons for a typical retinal vessel cell growth, unusual death of retinal cells, and ways to repair the retinal damaged cells under various degrees of impairment. Knowledge about the mechanism behind the sudden change in cell pattern behavior will help to track and better understand th...
2021 International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON), 2021
Various ocular diseases, like Cataract followed by Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy, are the wor... more Various ocular diseases, like Cataract followed by Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy, are the world’s leading causes of blindness and affect millions of people every year. Rapid and automated testing is therefore essential for assisting in early discernment and analysis. The traditional method of screening for such diseases involves manual analysis of the fundus image obtained by ophthalmologists whose versions of determining the region-of-interest vary. Segmenting the disc region serves as the first and crucial step before feature extraction, for the diagnosis of a variety of pathologies and abnormalities related to the retina. For automated analysis, various features, such as cup to disc ratio (CDR), area cup-disc ratio (ACDR) etc., are estimated to foretell the onset of such diseases. Our paper proposed and explored a new segmentation technique based on the Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) method and mathematical morphology for optic disc discernment. The analysis was done on a freely available database, DRISTI-GSI. The segmentation results of the proposed algorithm showed an average accuracy of 94.7% after testing and verification.
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering
Climate change is one of the important issues that face the world in this technological era. We h... more Climate change is one of the important issues that face the world in this technological era. We have used data collected from the publicly available GISTEMP data, the Global Surface Temperature Change data distributed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA-GISS). The data consisted of the mean surface temperature change with respect to baseline climatology corresponding to the period 1951-1980. The data covers the time period of 1961-2019. We studied the change in temperature in the countries like Greenland and India using the regression models. All the regression graphs were plotted in the Spyder software using python. From the regression models we observed the significant rise in temperature in these countries caused due to global warming. These models will help us to predict the change in temperature in future
2018 2nd International Conference on Electronics, Materials Engineering & Nano-Technology (IEMENTech), 2018
The automatic retinal image analysis is emerging as one of the most important primary screening t... more The automatic retinal image analysis is emerging as one of the most important primary screening tools for early detection and treatment for eye diseases. Glaucoma is a severe human eye disease leading to the permanent loss of vision. The manual examination of optic nerve head of the retina using Color Fundus Imaging (CFI) is a standard procedure used for predicting glaucoma, but the detection and diagnosis varies widely across different ophthalmologists. In this paper we present an automatic technique for the segmentation of the cup region from the optical disc(OD) region in RGB channels to calculate the parameters used for the predictive analysis of glaucoma. The accurate segmentation of the cup region and the optical disc from the retinal fundus image serves as an important step for the calculation of cup-to-disc area ratio (ACDR). The quantitative evaluation of this predictive analysis is done on a freely available database with a result accuracy of 83.168%.
Reversible logic gates, which are proven to provide zero power dissipation under ideal conditions... more Reversible logic gates, which are proven to provide zero power dissipation under ideal conditions, are in high demand for future computing technologies. Using reversible logic gates, this study provides an improved design for a low-cost 4X4 multiplier circuit module. The module can implement 8x8, 16x16 and up higher order multiplier circuits. In terms of gate counts, garbage outputs, constant inputs, and quantum cost, the suggested multiplier circuit using minimum number of half adders and full adders excels existing designs, presented using a comparative table. Moreover, this concept can be used to implement different complex systems in the field of nanotechnology. With the aid of the final output generation table, the proposed reversible circuit's operation is analyzed step-by-step in this article. Additionally, an RTL design of the suggested multiplier circuit is shown, followed by a simulation waveform that illustrates how the design works. Additionally, utilizing the Xilinx...
International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering, 2023
Climate change is one of the important issues that face the world in this technological era. We h... more Climate change is one of the important issues that face the world in this technological era. We have used data collected from the publicly available GISTEMP data, the Global Surface Temperature Change data distributed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA-GISS). The data consisted of the mean surface temperature change with respect to baseline climatology corresponding to the period 1951-1980. The data covers the time period of 1961-2019. We studied the change in temperature in the countries like Greenland and India using the regression models. All the regression graphs were plotted in the Spyder software using python. From the regression models we observed the significant rise in temperature in these countries caused due to global warming. These models will help us to predict the change in temperature in future.
Uploads